Rusununguko rwechitendero kubasa: chii chingarambidzwa nemushandirwi muNetherlands?

MuNetherlands, mushandirwi wako angasakubata zvakanaka nekuda kwechitendero chako kana zvaunotenda. Hapana kodzero yepamutemo yekuzorora nemunamato, imba yekunamatira kana kuenda pazororo rechitendero, asi mushandirwi wako anofanira kuongorora chikumbiro chega chega uye kupa zvikonzero zvekuramba. Mutemo unotarisa usina kwawakarerekera unorova boka rechitendero zvakanyanya unongobvumirwa chete kana ukaita chinangwa chakakodzera uye wakakodzera uye uchidikanwa.

Rusununguko rwechitendero kubasa runodzivirirwa neChikamu 6 cheBumbiro reMitemo reDutch ( Grondwet ), Chikamu 9 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) neEqual Treatment Act ( Algemene wet gelijke behandeling , AWGB). Kana mushandirwi asingakwanise kuratidza chikonzero chake, njodzi yepamutemo iri kumushandirwi. Mibvunzo pamusoro pekunamata panguva yekushanda, kutsanya panguva yeRamadan, machira emusoro uye kuramba kukwazisana maoko inosvika kumatare eDutch gore rega rega. Mhedzisiro yacho inowanzo tarisa kunaka kwekuongorora kwemushandirwi, kwete tsika yechitendero pachayo.

Pazasi apa, timu yedu yemutemo wezvemabasa inotsanangura zvinodiwa nemitemo, kuti mutoro wekupa humbowo unoshanda sei, uye zvinogona kuitwa nevashandirwi nevashandi kana paine kusawirirana.

Rusununguko rwechitendero kubasa runodzivirirei?

Inodzivirira zvinhu zviviri: rusununguko rwekutenda chimwe chinhu uye rusununguko rwekuita chimwe chinhu maererano nacho. Chikamu chechipiri chinonyanya kukosha kubasa, nekuti chinosanganisira munyengetero, kutsanya, mazuva ekuzorora, mitemo yekudya, zvipfeko zvechitendero uye kuramba mamwe mabasa nekuda kwehana.

Hausiyi izvozvo pamusuwo wehofisi chaipo. Hukama hwebasa ingori nzvimbo iyo hunofanira kuenzaniswa nezvido zvebhizinesi.

Kodzero yacho haina muganho. Chinyorwa 9(2) cheECHR chinobvumira zvirambidzo zvinorayirwa nemutemo uye zvinodiwa munharaunda yedemocracy. Pakati pemushandirwi wepachivande nemushandi, kuenzana ikoko kunonyanya kuenderera kuburikidza neAWGB nebasa rekushanda semushandirwi akanaka ( goed werkgeverschap ) muChinyorwa 7:611 cheDutch Civil Code ( Burgerlijk Wetboek , BW).

Muchokwadi, matare haambobvunzi kana tsika yechitendero ichidikanwa zvechokwadi kana kuti nedzidziso dzechitendero, nekuti haatongi dzidziso. Vanobvunza mubvunzo wakamanikana uyo unonetsa kupindura mushure mezvo: muganho wacho waidikanwa here, uye mushandirwi akatanga afunga nezveimwe nzira inoshanda here?

Mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kusawirirana anozivikanwa. Mimwe mienzaniso:

• mushandi wechiMuslim ane nguva dzemunamato dzinowira mukati mezuva rekushanda;
• muKristu anoda Chishanu Chakanaka kuzorora munzvimbo ine zuva rekushanda rakajairika;
• mushandi wechiJudha asingakwanise kushanda kubva zuva ranyura neChishanu;
• muSikh anopfeka ngowani pasi pengowani yekuchengetedza.

Hapana chimwe chezvizvi chisingawanzoitiki muvashandi vekuNetherlands, uye hapana chine mhinduro imwe chete inokodzera mushandirwi wese. Mutemo unotara nzira, kwete mhedzisiro.

Ndeipi mitemo inodzora chitendero pabasa?

Mitemo mikuru iChikamu 6 cheBumbiro reMitemo, Chikamu 9 cheECHR, EU Directive 2000/78/EC uye AWGB. Mitemo miviri yeDutch pamusoro penguva yekushanda inoita basa rakawanda.

Chikamu 6 cheBumbiro reMitemo chinovimbisa rusununguko rwechitendero nekutenda. Chikamu 9 cheECHR chinopa vimbiso imwecheteyo padanho reEurope, uye unogona kuvimba nayo zvakananga pamberi pedare reDutch. Padanho reEU, Council Directive 2000/78/EC inoisa hurongwa hwakaenzana hwekubatwa zvakaenzana mumabasa uye inotaura zvakajeka nezvechitendero nekutenda. Mutemo weDutch unoushandisa kuburikidza neAWGB.

Mutemo weEqual Treatment Act unoti chii?

Chinyorwa 5 AWGB ndiyo chikamu chakakosha chebasa. Chinorambidza rusarura nekuda kwechitendero mu:

• kuzivisa nzvimbo isina vanhu uye mukutsvaga vashandi nekusarudza vashandi;
• kupinda muchibvumirano chebasa nekugumisa;
• mitemo nemamiriro ekushanda;
• kudzidziswa nekusimudzirwa.

Chinyorwa 1 AWGB inotsanangura rusarura rwakananga nerusina kunanga. Chinyorwa 2 chinotsanangura kuti rusarura rwakananga runogona kururamiswa riini. Chinyorwa 8a chinorambidza kudzvinyirira chero ani zvake nekuti vakashandisa Mutemo kana kubatsira mumwe munhu akabatsira. Chinyorwa chekupedzisira ichi chinodzivirira mushandi anonyunyuta kuti asatsiviwe. Kazhinji ndiyo kadhi rakasimba remushandi ane chinzvimbo chinoderera mushure mekunge ataura nyaya yacho.

Ndeipi mitemo yekushanda nguva inokosha?

Chinyorwa chechipiri cheMutemo weKushanda Une Mwero ( Wet flexibel werken , Wfw) chinopa mushandi ane mavhiki makumi maviri nematanhatu ebasa kodzero yekukumbira kuchinjwa kwemaawa ekushanda, nguva dzekushanda kana nzvimbo yebasa. Chinyorwa 4:1a cheMutemo weMaawa eKushanda ( Arbeidstijdenwet ) chinoda kuti mushandirwi, paanoronga maitiro ebasa nekuzorora, afunge nezvemamiriro emushandi pachake kusvika paanogona kudiwa.

Mabasa echitendero anowirirana nemashoko iwayo. Ndosaka runyorwa rwakasimba rwuri dziviriro isina kusimba kupfuura zvinofungwa nevashandisirwi.

Ko AWGB haishande kupi?

Mutemo uyu une miganhu. Chinyorwa chechitatu cheAWGB chinoisa hukama mukati memachechi echitendero, nhengo dzawo dzakazvimirira uye hushumiri hwemweya kunze kwenzvimbo yahwo. Chinyorwa chechishanu cheAWGB chinobvumirawo masangano akavambwa pahwaro hwechitendero kana hwezvematongerwo enyika kuisa zvinodiwa zvinonyatsodiwa zvichienderana nenheyo idzodzo dzekutanga.

Vashandirwi vehurumende vanoshanda mukati mehurongwa hwakaenzana hwekubatwa. Vanoshandawo pasi pemitemo yeMutemo weVashandi veHurumende wa2017 ( Ambtenarenwet 2017 ), ndipo panobva mutemo wekare wenyaya dzekusatsigira zvematongerwo enyika mumabasa ekutarisira veruzhinji.

Musiyano uripo pakati pekusarurana kwechitendero zvakananga nekwakasiyana?

Kusarura zvakananga inyaya yekubata vanhu zvichibva pachitendero chavo uye hazvigone kururamiswa. Kusarura zvisina kunanga mutemo usina kwawakarerekera unorova boka rechitendero chimwe chete zvakanyanya, uye zvinongobvumirwa chete kana mushandirwi achigona kuzviruramisa.

Rusarura rwakananga runoitika rini?

Kusarura zvakananga zvinoreva, semuenzaniso, kuramba munhu ari kunyorera basa nekuti muMuslim kana kudzinga mushandi nekuti akapfeka kippah. Pasi peAWGB, kusarura zvakananga hakugone kururamiswa. Asi chete mitemo midiki inoshanda. Kukwidza nyaya dzemba, kusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika, tsika dzebhizinesi kana zvinofarirwa nevatengi hazvidziviriri.

Rusarura rwusina kunanga runobvumidzwa rini?

Kusarurana zvisina kunanga ndiro dambudziko rakajairika uye rakaoma. Rinomuka apo mutemo usingataure chinhu nezvechitendero uchiri kurwadza boka rechitendero kupfuura mamwe. Mienzaniso ndeyekurambidzwa kwezvifukidziro zvemusoro, chinodiwa chekuti vashandi vese vawanikwe neMugovera, kana kurambidzwa kwezvipfeko zvinofukidza kumeso mumabasa ekutarisira vatengi. Mutemo wakadaro unongobvumidzwa chete kana zvese zvitatu zviri pazasi zvikazadzikiswa panguva imwe chete:

• chiyero ichi chinotevedzera chinangwa chepamutemo, chakadai sekuchengetedzeka, hutsanana kana chinodiwa chechokwadi uye chakakosha pabasa;
• chiyero ichi chakakodzera kuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho;
• chiyero ichi chinodiwa uye chakaenzana: imwe nzira inorambidza zvimwe cheteyo yaizowana mhedzisiro yakafanana.

Zvinodiwa zvacho zvakabatana. Kana chinangwa chiri chepamutemo asi paine imwe nzira isinganyanyi kupindira, mutemo wacho uchiri pamutemo. Muchokwadi, mamiriro echitatu ndiwo anosarudza nyaya zhinji.

Dare reEU reJustice rakati chii nezvemitemo yekusatsigira zvematongerwo enyika?

Dare reJustice reEuropean Union (CJEU) rinotora nzira imwecheteyo yekusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika. MuAchbita ( C-157/15) rakabvuma kuti mutemo wemukati unorambidza zviratidzo zvese zvinoonekwa zvematongerwo enyika, zveuzivi uye zvechitendero unogona kutevera chinangwa chepamutemo. Asi izvozvo zvinongoitika chete kana mutemo wacho unoshandiswa zvakazara uye pasina musiyano, uye kana mushandirwi akafunga kupa mushandi basa pasina kutarisana nevatengi.

MuWABE naMH Müller Handel ( C -804/18 naC-341/19), CJEU yakawedzera kuti mushandirwi anofanira kuratidza kuda kwechokwadi mutemo wakadaro uye kuutevera nguva dzose uye zvakarongeka. Mutemo unosvika chete pajira remusoro hausi mutemo wekusava nedivi raunotsigira zvachose. Irusarura rwakananga mune imwe wrapper.

Mushandirwi wako anogona kuramba munamato here panguva yebasa?

Hapana basa repamutemo rekupa nguva yekuzorora mumunamato, asi mushandirwi wako anofanira kuongorora chikumbiro chacho kubva pachokwadi uye kukwanisa kupa zvikonzero zvekuramba. Vashandirwi vanongoramba vachiramba vanowanzokundwa munyaya idzi.

Mutongo wedare reNoord-Holland (Zaanstad) wemusi wa26 Gunyana 2025 unoratidza mashandiro anoita izvi (ECLI:NL:RBNHO:2025:11085). Nyanzvi yezvekuchengetedza moto yakadzingwa basa panguva yekuedzwa kwake, mazuva mashoma mushure mekutanga basa. Tsamba yekudzingwa basa pachayo yakataura nezvechido chake chekunamata kamwe chete kana kaviri pazuva munzvimbo yakasiyana panzvimbo dzevatengi, uye kuramba kwake kushanda mumapurazi enguruve nechitendero.

Kudzingwa basa mushure mekutongwa hakudi chikonzero, asi kungasava kwakavakirwa pachikonzero chinorambidzwa. Dare rakaona rusarura rwakananga nekuda kwechitendero, icho mushandirwi asina kuramba. Rakapa muripo wekubviswa basa zvisina kurongeka ( gefixeerde schadevergoeding ), muripo wekuchinja ( transitievergoeding ) uye muripo wakakodzera ( billijke vergoeding ) weEUR 15,000 gross.

Chidzidzo chinoshanda ndeche nzira. Munamato unotora maminetsi mashoma uye unogona kupindirana nezororo riripo. Mubvunzo unobvunzwa nedare kumushandirwi hausi wekuti raifanira kubvuma here, asi kuti rakanyatsoongorora chikumbiro chacho here:

• Imba yekusangana isina kushandiswa yaivepo here?
• Nguva dzekuzorora dzinogona kutamiswa nechikamu chimwe muzvina cheawa here?
• Vamwe vashandi vakawana mukana wakafanana here nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisiri zvechitendero, zvakaita sekunge vari kuchikoro kana kuti kugadzwa kwephysiotherapy?

Mushandirwi anogona kupindura mibvunzo iyi kubva muzvinyorwa zvakanyorwa panguva iyoyo anenge ari panzvimbo yakasimba. Mushandirwi anogadzirisa mafungiro ake mushure mekugamuchira tsamba yegweta haasi: matare haanyanyi kukoshesa zvinyorwa zvemukati zvakanyorwa mushure mekunge gakava ratanga.

Imba yekunamatira inotevedzera pfungwa imwe chete. Hapana mushandirwi anofanira kuvaka kana kusarudza imba yacho zvachose. Asi kana imba yakakodzera isina munhu uye chikumbiro chikaramba chichirambwa, kurambwa kwacho kunotanga kuita sechisarudzo pamusoro pechitendero chemushandi pane chekuita nebhizinesi. Ndiwo mafungiro chaiwo anochinja mutoro wekupa humbowo.

Unogona here kuchinja nguva yako yekushanda panguva yeRamadan?

Ehe, unogona kubvunza. Nzira yacho iChikamu chechipiri cheMutemo weKushanda Uchichinjika, uye mushandirwi wako anofanira kubvumidza chikumbiro chekuchinja maawa ekushanda kana nguva kunze kwekunge zvido zvebhizinesi kana zvebasa zvakakomba zvikakudzivisa.

Semuenzaniso, mushandi anotsanya anogona kukumbira kutanga nekupedza nekukurumidza, kupfupisa nguva yekuzorora kwemasikati kana kuchinjana mabasa. Mamiriro acho ndeaya:

• wave uchishanda kwemavhiki makumi maviri nematanhatu pazuva rawakaronga kutanga basa;
• unonyora chikumbiro chako mwedzi miviri isati yasvika;
• Mushandirwi wako ane vashandi gumi kana kupfuura. Vashandirwi vadiki havashande zviri muChinyorwa 2 Wfw, asi vanofanira kunge vaine hurongwa hwekushanda zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Chikumbiro chekuchinja maawa ekushanda kana nguva dzekushanda chinofanira kubvumidzwa kunze kwekunge zvido zvakakomba zvebhizinesi kana zvebasa ( zwaarwegende bedrijfs-of dienstbelangen ) zvichidzivirira. Funga nezvematambudziko anoratidzwa ekuchengetedza, runyorwa rwevanhu rusingakwanise kuzadzwa zvechokwadi, kana migumisiro yakakomba yemari kana yesangano.

Zvinhu zviviri zviri muMutemo zviri nyore kufuratira uye zvine musoro pakushanda. Chekutanga, mushandirwi anofanira kusarudza nekunyora. Kana zvisina kusarudza mwedzi mumwe chete zuva rekutanga raakaronga, shanduko yacho inotanga kushanda sezvakakumbirwa. Kunyarara kunoita kuti mushandirwi awane mari. Chechipiri, kuramba kunofanira kufungwa. Kutaura nezvezvinodiwa pakushanda, pasina kutarisa dzimwe nzira, hakusviki padanho rakatarwa.

Kana chikonzero chechikumbiro chacho chiri chechitendero, kuramba kwacho kusina kunaka hakusi kutyora mutemo weWfw chete. Kunogonawo kuva kusarura kusina kunanga pasi peAWGB, pamwe nemhinduro dzinodhura zvakanyanya.

Mushandirwi angapindira here kana mushandi asina kutsanya achiita seasina kungwarira?

Kungobva pakuongorora njodzi chaiyo yakanyorwa, yakaongororwa nemunhu wacho. Kufungidzira kwevanhu vakawanda kuti vanhu vanotsanya vanoita zvakaipa zvakanyanya hakugone kudzivirirwa.

Basa rekutarisira pasi peMutemo weMamiriro Ekushanda ( Arbeidsomstandighedenwet ) nderechokwadi. Kuchinja mabasa kwenguva pfupi kunogona kudzivirirwa kana paine njodzi chaiyo, senge kushandisa michina inorema mukupisa kwakanyanya kwezhizha. Chiyero chemunhu wese anochengeta Ramadan hachisi. Ongororo yacho inofanira kunge iri yega, yakavakirwa pauchapupu uye yakanyorwa, uye inofanira kukurukurwa nemushandi pane kumanikidzwa.

Une kodzero yekuenda pazororo rechitendero here?

Kwete, kwete kupfuura mazororo eruzhinji anozivikanwa eDutch. Unonyorera zororo renguva dzose, uye mushandirwi wako anogona kuramba chete nezvikonzero zvakakomba zvakanyorwa mukati memavhiki maviri.

Eid al-Fitr, Yom Kippur, Diwali neOrthodox Christmas, kana tichitarisa pamutemo, mazuva ekushanda akajairika. Kana uchida zuva rekuzorora, unonyorera zororo nenzira yakajairika pasi peChinyorwa 7:638 BW.

Mutemo iwoyo unopa mushandirwi mukana mudiki wekuramba. Mushandirwi anoronga zororo rako kuti rienderane nezvaunoda, kunze kwekunge zvikonzero zvakakomba ( gewichtige redenen ) zvikakudzivisa. Inofanira kunyora zvikonzero izvozvo mukati memavhiki maviri kubva pawakanyora chikumbiro chako. Kana ikasaramba nenguva, zororo rinogadziriswa sezvakakumbirwa. Vashandirwi vanosiya chikumbiro mubhokisi rekutumira mukati memavhiki maviri akabatikana vanowanzoona mutemo uyu wave kunonoka.

Kupfuura mitemo yezororo, kugara uchienderera mberi nebasa kunoita basa chairo. Mushandirwi anogara achibvumidza kupera kwevhiki refu asi achiramba zuva rimwe chete remutambo wechitendero, pasina musiyano wekushanda, ari kuratidza humbowo chaihwo hunodiwa nemushandi kuti aratidze kuti anofunga kuti pane rusarura.

Tarisawo chibvumirano chevashandi pamwe chete ( cao ) usati watora pfungwa yepamutemo semhinduro yakazara. Mimwe yacho ine zvikamu zvemazororo echitendero kana kuti inobvumira kuti mazororo everuzhinji achinjwe nemazuva akakosha kumushandi wega wega.

Mushandirwi anogona here kurambidza jira remusoro, kippah, muchinjikwa kana turban?

Muzviitiko zvishoma chete: zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kana hutsanana, kana mutemo wekusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika unoenderana nezvinodiwa neDare reEU. Mufananidzo wekambani chete hauna simba, uye zvinodiwa nevatengi hazvisizvo zviri pamutemo zvachose.

Kupfeka jira remusoro, kippah, muchinjikwa kana ngowani zvinodzivirirwa sechiratidzo chechitendero. Saka kurambidzwa kungave kusarura zvakananga, uko kunonyanya kunangana nezvitendero zvakasiyana, kana kusarura kusina kunanga kunoda kururamiswa kwakananga. Zvirambidzo zvinogona kuramba zviripo kana:

• kuchengetedzeka: jira rakarembera riri pedyo nemichina inofamba, kana jira remusoro rinotadzisa ngowani kupinda;
• mitemo yehutsanana mukugadzira chikafu nehutano;
• mutemo wekusatora divi rawo rose unosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaiswa mu Achbita uye WABE.

Ko kuramba kubatana maoko?

Kuramba kukwazisana maoko ndiko kwakanyanya kukosha panyaya iyi. Zvisarudzo zviviri zveDutch zvinoratidza kuti zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Mumutongo wa28 Gumiguru 2025 (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2025:19487), dare redunhu reThe Hague rakabata nemushandi wepahofisi yeIT uyo akange aiswa kuCentral Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers (COA). Pazuva rake rechipiri rekushanda akaramba, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvechitendero, kubatana maoko nemutungamiriri wechikadzi. Akadzingwa basa panguva yake yekuedzwa, gare gare zviri pamutemo nekuda kwekusazadzisa zvaitarisirwa. Dare rakaona kuti kudzingwa basa kwaibva pachitendero chake. Mushandirwi haana kukwanisa kuratidza kuti kubatana maoko kwaidiwa pabasa rainyanya kusanganisira kushanda ari kure neIT. Dare rakapa muripo weEUR 34,000 pamwe nemari yematare.

Enzanisa chisarudzo cheCentral Appeals Tribunal ( Centrale Raad van Beroep , CRvB) cha7 Chivabvu 2009 (ECLI:NL:CRVB:2009:BI2440). Mudzidzisi akanga azivisa kuti, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvechitendero, aisazobatana maoko nevamwe varume vaaishanda navo. Kumiswa kwake basa nekudzingwa kwake basa zvakatsigirwa. Muchikoro ichocho, nzira imwechete yekukwazisana yakagamuchirwa seyakakodzera uye yakakosha kudzivirira kupatsanurwa uye kupa kujeka munharaunda yechikoro yakasiyana-siyana.

Maitiro akafanana, mhedzisiro dzakasiyana. Musiyano uri mubasa, mamiriro ezvinhu uye kunaka kwekufunga kwemushandirwi, kwete mukutenda.

Ndiani anofanira kuratidza chii?

Pasi peChinyorwa 10 AWGB, unongoda kuratidza chokwadi chinogona kufungidzirwa kuti chaive rusarura. Mushandirwi wako anofanira kuratidza kuti hazvina rusarura, kana kuti chiyero chacho chaive chakarurama.

Zvinhu zvinogona kutsigira fungidziro zvinosanganisira:

• mumwe waanoshanda naye ari pachinzvimbo chakafanana uyo akabatwa zvakasiyana;
• kushaya chikonzero zvachose kubva kumushandirwi;
• kudzingwa basa nguva pfupi mushure mekunge chikumbiro chechitendero chaitwa;
• mutemo unoshandiswa zvisingaenderane.

Humbowo hwakazara hahudiwi panguva iyoyo. Kana dare rikabvuma kuti chokwadi chinomutsa fungidziro, mutoro unotamisirwa kumushandirwi.

Zvinokundikana padanho rechipiri iroro zvinofungidzirwa. Kukwezva kwakajairika kune maitiro epamba, kusatsigira zvematongerwo enyika kana zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinodiwa nevatengi hazvina kukwana. Uye mutemo uripo papepa chete, kana unoshandiswa pajira remusoro asi usingamboshandisirwi pakuchinjana. Magwaro akagadzirwa mushure mekunge gakava ramuka haana kukosha, nekuti chinangwa chawo chiri pachena. Humbowo hunoshanda hunowanzo taura zvakasiyana: mushandi anogona kuvimba nekuenzanisa kana nhamba. Apo nhengo dzeboka rimwe rechitendero dzinorambidzwa zvakarongeka zvinopihwa nevamwe, fungidziro yacho inosimbiswa zviri nyore.

Kutyora mutemo kunodhura sei mushandirwi?

Kudzingwa basa kwerusarura kunogona kukanzurwa, kana kuti dare rinogona kupa muripo wakakodzera pamusoro pemubhadharo wekuchinja. Kukuvadzwa kusiri kukuru uye mari dzematare zvinogona kutevera, uye mutongo weNetherlands Institute for Human Rights unogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemukurumbira.

Kana kudzingwa basa kwakanganiswa nerusarura uye mushandirwi asingakwanise kuramba fungidziro yacho, dare redunhu ( kantonrechter ) rinogona kubvisa chiziviso chacho. Kana mushandi asingadi kudzoka, rinogona kupa muripo wakakodzera pasi peChinyorwa 7:681 BW panzvimbo pezvo. Muripo wakakodzera unobva wauya pamusoro pemuripo wekuchinja basa pasi peChinyorwa 7:673 BW uye, kana nguva yekuzivisa isina kucherechedzwa, muripo wekubviswa basa zvisina kurongeka.

Kukuvadzwa kusiri kwechokwadi kunogona kukumbirwa pasi peChinyorwa 6:106 BW apo rusarura rwakakuvadza mushandi semunhu. Mutemo wekubhadhara mari unotevera. Mutongo wakaburitswa neNetherlands Institute for Human Rights ( College voor de Rechten van de Mens ) unowanzo kuvadza mukurumbira kupfuura mari. Chinyorwa chedu chakasiyana pamusoro pekusarura kwechitendero munzvimbo yebasa chinotsanangura zvakadzama hurongwa hwemuripo.

Matare anoona kuramba kwemutemo wechitendero, kudzingwa basa mushure mechikumbiro chechitendero, uye mitemo yemapfekero akasarudzwa sezviito zvine mhosva huru nemushandirwi. Izvozvo ndizvo zvinosimudzira muripo wakakodzera. Hapana muripo wemitero. Mari yacho inotarwa nyaya imwe neimwe, zvichibva pahurefu hwebasa, kurasikirwa nemari, mikana yemushandi pamusika wevashandi uye kukomba kwemaitiro emushandirwi.

Chii chaunogona kuita semushandi?

Ita chiito nekukurumidza uye nekunyora. Tanga nechichemo chemukati; unogona kukumbira Netherlands Institute for Human Rights kuti ikupe mutongo kana kuenda kudare, uchiyeuka nguva yekupedzisira yemwedzi miviri mushure mekudzingwa basa.

Danho rekutanga kunyunyuta kwemukati kwakanyorwa kune waunoshandira kana kukomiti yezvekunyunyuta kwemukati. Izvi zvinogadzira rekodhi, zvinopa mushandirwi mukana wekugadzirisa maitiro, uye kusavapo kwacho dzimwe nguva kunoonekwa kune mushandi gare gare. Chinyorwa 8a AWGB chinokudzivirira kubva pakurasikirwa nekuda kwekutora danho iri.

Unogona kukumbira Netherlands Institute for Human Rights kuti ikupe mutongo wemahara uye usina gweta. Mutongo wayo hausi wepamutemo, asi une musoro uye une simba, uye matare anogara achivimba nawo. Kana uchida kuti tsika yacho igadziriswe pane mari, nzira iyi inowanzoita zvinopfuura kumhan'ara nyaya.

Kana mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari ekukurumidzira, semuenzaniso kumiswa basa kana kubviswa kamwe kamwe kubva murondedzero, unogona kukumbira mutongi wekubatsira kwekutanga kuti akupe matanho epakati mupfupiso yenyaya ( kort geding ) pasi peChikamu 254 cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure ( Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvorordering , Rv). Kuti uwane mutongo wekupedzisira unoenda kudare redunhu.

Nguva yekupedza basa inokosha. Chikumbiro chekudzima basa kana kuwana muripo wakakodzera chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi miviri mushure mekunge chibvumirano chebasa chapera (Chinyorwa 7:686a(4)(a) BW). Nguva iyoyo haigone kuwedzerwa. Ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti nyaya yekusarurana irege kunzwikwa.

Unogonawo kuwana humbowo hwakachengetedzwa nemushandirwi wako. Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2025, kodzero yekuongorora magwaro akachengetedzwa nemumwe munhu inotongwa neZvikamu 194 neRv inotevera, izvo zvakatsiva yekare Article 843a Rv. Kana uchikwanisa kuona magwaro chaiwo uye uine chido chekuaona, unogona kukumbira dare kuti rirayire kuburitswa pachena, kana zvichidikanwa zvichitsigirwa nemuripo wechirango. Funga nezvechinyorwa chemukati chinonyora chisarudzo, tsamba pamusoro pechikumbiro chako kana mutemo sezvawaive panguva iyoyo.

Vashandirwi vangaderedza sei njodzi?

Makakatanwa mazhinji munyaya iyi haaonekwe kana zvinhu zvaoma, kwete kuti zvinhu zvaoma. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti njodzi yacho iri mumaoko emushandirwi.

• Nyora mutemo wacho pasi pachine nguva. Ronga maitiro ako ekutaura zvechitendero, nzvimbo dzekunamatira, kupfeka uye kuenda usati wasvika chikumbiro, kuitira kuti zvisarudzo zviyerwe zvichienderana nemwero pane kuti zviitwe zvechimbichimbi.
• Ongorora chikumbiro chimwe nechimwe chimwe nechimwe. Nyora ongororo yacho panguva iyoyo, kusanganisira dzimwe nzira dzawakafunga nezvadzo uye chikonzero chawakadziramba.
• Zvinoenderanawo. Shandisa mutemo uyu zvakaenzana muzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoenderana nemabatiro aunoita zvikumbiro zvakafanana zvisiri zvechitendero. Mushandi akabvumirwa kubva nekukurumidza ndiye muenzaniso uyo mushandi achaisa pamberi pedare.
• Maneja ezvitima. Vatungamiriri vechikwata ndivo vanoita sarudzo idzi ipapo ipapo. Vanofanira kuziva kuti chikumbiro chechitendero hachisi chinhu chenguva dzose chekuronga nguva uye kuti kuramba zvachose hakuna njodzi.
• Wedzera mutemo wekuwedzera. Anoda kuti chero kuramba chikumbiro chechitendero kusainwe padanho repamusoro uye zvine musoro. Izvi zvinobvisa mukana wekuti munhu aonekwe nechikwereti pamutengo mudiki.

Vashandirwi vehurumende vanoshanda mukati mehurongwa humwe chete. Nhaurirano yekusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika inogona kuva nesimba guru mumabasa nekutaurirana zvakananga neveruzhinji kana, sezvinoratidzwa nechisarudzo cheCRvB cha2009, uko nzira imwechete yekubata nevanhu iri chikamu chebasa. Icho hachisi chitupa chekumanikidza kusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika musangano rese. Mutemo wakagamuchirwa wekaunda yebasa haugone kungowedzerwa kuhofisi yekumashure. Mushandirwi anoita izvozvo achabvunzwa kuti sei kufarira kwakafanana kuchishanda kumushandi asina kana nhengo yeruzhinji yaanoona.

Muchidimbu

• Rusununguko rwechitendero pabasa runodzivirirwa neChikamu 6 cheBumbiro reMitemo, Chikamu 9 cheECHR neAWGB; rusarura rwakananga nekuda kwechitendero harugoni kururamiswa.
• Mutemo usina kwawakarerekera unorova boka rechitendero zvakanyanya unobvumirwa chete kana uine chinangwa chakanaka uye chakakodzera uye chiri madikanwa.
• Hapana kodzero yekuzorora mumunamato, imba yekunamatira kana zororo rechitendero, asi chikumbiro chega chega chinofanira kuongororwa chimwe nechimwe uye kurambwa kwacho kunofanira kutsanangurwa.
• Zvikumbiro zvekuchinja maawa ekushanda zvinoitwa neFlexible Working Act; zvikumbiro zvezororo zvinoitwa neChinyorwa 7:638 BW, uye nguva yekupedzisira yemavhiki maviri yekuti mushandirwi arambe.
• Kana wangotaura chokwadi chinoratidza rusarura, mushandirwi wako anofanira kuratidza kuti hazvisi izvo. Mushure mekudzingwa basa une mwedzi miviri yekuenda kudare.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Tingabatsira sei nezvechitendero kubasa?

Mutemo wenyaya dzerusununguko rwechitendero kubasa unoramba uchikura, uye muganho uripo pakati pemuganho unodzivirirwa uye rusarura rwakarambidzwa wakaderera kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevakawanda vevashandirwi. Law & More inopa mazano kuvashandirwi pakunyora nekushandisa mutemo wekutaura nezvechitendero, nzvimbo dzekunamatira, mitemo yekupfeka uye zororo. Tinobatsira vashandi vanorambidzwa kupihwa pekugara kana kudzingwa mushure mechikumbiro chechitendero, kusanganisira pamberi pedare redunhu neNetherlands Institute for Human Rights.

Basa redu Magweta shanda kubva Eindhoven uye Amsterdam. Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa sarudzo dzako mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.

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