Chibvumirano chehurongwa: chii chaunonyora, uye chii chisiri?

Chibvumirano chehurongwa (raamovereenkomst) chinoisa mitemo yemirairo yeramangwana, yakadai semitengo, nguva yekutumira uye mutoro. Chinogonawo kuva nezvisungo zvine chekuita nehuwandu hwekutenga, kupa, kusarudzwa kana kupinda muzvibvumirano zvekumisa kutenga. Kana chisungo chakadaro chiripo zvinoenderana nemashoko, dudziro uye nzira iyo chibvumirano chakaitwa nayo.

Chii chinonzi chibvumirano chehurongwa?

Chibvumirano chehurongwa chibvumirano umo mapato anotsanangura hurongwa hwekushandira pamwe kwavo mune ramangwana. Mutemo weDutch hauna mitemo chaiyo yezvibvumirano zvehurongwa; mitemo yakajairika yemutemo wechibvumirano cheDutch inoshanda.

Chibvumirano chinoumbwa nekupa uye kugamuchira (Chinyorwa 6:217 Dutch Civil Code). Mabasa acho anofanira kunge akakwana (Chinyorwa 6:227 Dutch Civil Code). Zvibvumirano zvehurongwa zvakajairika mumabasa eIT, kutenga, kutakura, kuchenesa uye kupa vashandi mabasa.

Pakunyora kana kuongorora chibvumirano chehurongwa, chengeta mibvunzo mitatu yakasiyana:

1. Ndezvipi zvinosungirwa zvinobva muchibvumirano chehurongwa pachahwo?
2. Kondirakiti yekudaidza (nadere overeenkomst) inoumbwa sei?
3. Ndezvipi zvinosungirwa kushanda kana chibvumirano ichocho chapera?

Unosungirwa kuisa maodha here?

Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti chibvumirano chinodudzirwa sei. Pasi pemutemo weDutch, mashoko acho haasiriwo ega anonyanya kukosha: mamiriro akaita chibvumirano uye nzira iyo mapato akaita nayo zvinhu zvinokoshawo.

Munyaya yeECLI:NL:RBROT:2023:8894, mutongi wedare reDunhu reRotterdam akawana chisungo chekutenga chakasarudzika kubva muchibvumirano chekushandira pamwe, zvichibva pamashoko akanyorwa, nhoroondo yekushandira pamwe nemakore makumi maviri ekushanda. Huwandu hwakatarwa hwakatarwa hwaisadiwa paizvozvo. Munyaya yeECLI:NL:RBMNE:2024:4029 , mutongi wedare reDunhu reMidden-Nederland akati kusavapo kwekuzvimiririra, zvisungo zvekutenga nekupa, mitengo yakatarwa uye huwandu hweodha yakatarwa hwakaratidza kure nechibvumirano chenguva refu (duurovereenkomst).

Ungave uchida kana kuti kwete chisungo chekutenga, chinyore zvakajeka. Kana zvisina kudaro dare rinosarudza pfungwa yacho nedudziro, sezvinoratidzwa nemitongo yese miviri.

Kondirakiti yekumisa basa inogadzirwa sei?

Unosarudza izvozvo muchibvumirano chehurongwa. Taura kana chibvumirano chekumisa basa chichigadzirwa nekuisa odha, otomatiki, kana chete mushure mekubvumidzwa kwakasiyana.

Chibvumirano chekumisa basa chinotsanangura basa remunhu oga: huwandu, basa, kuronga uye chero mutengo wepurojekiti. Zvese zvisina kutaurwa ipapo zvinotongwa nechibvumirano chehurongwa, saka taura ipapo kuti ndeapi ruzivo runofanira kunge rwuri muodha.

Nderipi gwaro rinoshanda kana paine kusawirirana?

Izvozvo zvinotsanangurwa nechikamu chinotevedzana chehurongwa hwekutanga muchibvumirano chehurongwa. Pasina chikamu chakadaro, mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nekududzirwa: kuti mapato anogona kutsanangura zvinorehwa nezviri muchikamu ichi mumamiriro ezvinhu, uye zvavangatarisira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.

Teererai mitemo nemipimo zvakare. Kana mapato ese ari maviri achitaura nezvemitemo yakasiyana, chirevo chechipiri hachina simba kunze kwekunge chichirambawo zviri pachena seti yekutanga yemitemo (Chinyorwa 6:225(3) Dutch Civil Code). Mitemo yose inoshandawo chete kana yataurwa kuti inoshanda. Muchokwadi, rimwe bato rinofanira kunge rakawanawo mukana wakakwana wekuiverenga (Zvinyorwa 6:231, 6:233 uye 6:234 Dutch Civil Code).

Ungagumisa sei chibvumirano chehurongwa kwenguva isingazivikanwi?

Pasina chikamu chekugumisa chibvumirano chepamutemo kana chechibvumirano, chibvumirano chenguva isingazivikanwi chinogona kugumiswa. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa uye kururamisira zvinogona kuda chikonzero chinomanikidza chekugumisa chibvumirano, nguva yekuzivisa kana kupa muripo.

Dare Repamusorosoro reDutch rakasimbisa kutanga uku muECLI:NL:HR:2019:446 (Voorst/Liander), maererano nezvibvumirano kubva muna 1923 na1976 pasina chikamu chekugumisa. Kana chibvumirano chine chikamu chekugumisa, chinogona kugumiswa zvichienderana nechikamu ichocho. Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga izvi muECLI :NL:HR:2025:763 (DPD/Get Moving). Dare harigone kungotsiva nguva yechiziviso chakabvumiranwa nenguva yakareba. Kutsauka kunogoneka chete kana kushandisa chikamu ichi kusingagamuchirwi nemitemo yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira.

Unogona here kugumisa chibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa nekukurumidza?

Muchokwadi, kwete. Chibvumirano chenguva refu chenguva yakatarwa chinopera chega pazuva rekugumisa chibvumirano uye hachigone kugumiswa nekukurumidza, kunze kwekunge mapato acho abvumirana zvakasiyana.

Mhedzisiro chaiyo inogona kutsamira pachibvumirano uye pakunzwisisa uye kururamisira. Muna ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2026:5629 chibvumirano chakapera pazuva rekupedzisira kwacho. Zvichienderana nehukama hwakareba hwemunhu uye kuvimba kwemutengesi, rimwe bato raifanira kujekesa panguva yakakodzera nezvechibvumirano chitsva chingangoitika. Bvumiranaiwo kuti chii chinoitika pakumisa zvibvumirano kana chibvumirano chehurongwa chapera.

Chii chinoshanda pachibvumirano chehurongwa nehurumende?

Pamusoro pemutemo wechibvumirano, Mutemo weDutch Public Procurement Act 2012 (Aanbestedingswet 2012) unoshanda. Dare rinopa chibvumirano rinofanira kupedzisa chibvumirano chehurongwa kuburikidza nenzira inotenderwa yekutenga (Chinyorwa 2.44 Mutemo wePublic Procurement 2012).

Munguva yekushanda, shanduko isina tender itsva inogoneka chete kana paine chikonzero chepamutemo chekuzviita (Chinyorwa 2.163a). Mienzaniso ichikamu chekuongorora chakanyorwa zvakajeka chakabvumiranwa pachine nguva (Chinyorwa 2.163c), shanduko nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi (Chinyorwa 2.163e) kana shanduko isiri huru (Chinyorwa 2.163g). Shanduko inochinja chibvumirano zvakanyanya kana inogona kukanganisa makwikwi inofanira kuongororwa zvakasiyana. Pakududzira chibvumirano chakaitwa mushure metender, dare rinofungawo nezvebasa rekujekesa uye zvido zvevamwe vanotenga.

Chii chaunofanira kutarisa semutengi?

Njodzi yako huru semutengi ndeyekutenga zvinhu zvisina kurongerwa kana kuti kuva wega, sezviri muECLI:NL:RBROT:2023:8894.

• Chibvumirano chinotaura zvakajeka here kana paine huwandu hushoma, chisungo chekutenga kana kusarudzwa kwemunhu oga?
• Ko chibvumirano chekumisa basa chinongoitwa chete kana waisa odha, uye odha iyoyo inofanira kunge iine chii?
• Ko mitemo yenyu inoramba zvakananga here mutemo wemutengesi (Chikamu 6:225(3) weDutch Civil Code)?
• Unogona here kugumisa nenguva yekuzivisa zvakajeka, uye chii chinoitika pakumhanya kwezvibvumirano zvekumisa basa?

Chii chaunofanira kutarisa semutengesi?

Njodzi yako huru semutengesi ndeyemutengi anorega kuodha kana kumisa kutenga nekukurumidza, sezviri muECLI:NL:HR:2025:763.

• Pane huwandu hushoma hwekutenga kana kuti kungova wega kunodzivirira mari yaunoisa here?
• Mitengo inogadziriswa sei mukati menguva, semuenzaniso ne index?
• Mutemo wekugumisa basa unokupa nguva yekuzivisa kwenguva yakareba here kuti upere?
• Muchibvumirano cheveruzhinji: pane here chikamu chekuongorora chinobvumira kuchinja kwemutengo kana chiyero pasina tendero itsva (Chinyorwa 2.163c Mutemo weKutenga Kwevanhu wa2012)?

Chii chatingakubatsirai nehurongwa hwechibvumirano?

Magweta edu ehurumende anonyora, anoongorora uye anosimbisa zvibvumirano zvehurongwa pasi pemutemo weDutch:

• Tinoongorora chibvumirano chenyu chehurongwa mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.
• Tinonyora chisungo chekutenga, maitiro ekudaidza, kurongeka kwekutanga uye chikamu chekugumisa.
• Tinoongorora kana rimwe bato rinogona kugumisa, uye kana paine chiziviso chipi, pasi pechikamu neChinyorwa 6:248 Dutch Civil Code.
• Tinoongorora chibvumirano chehurongwa hweveruzhinji kana shanduko yakarongwa ichipesana nePublic Procurement Act 2012.

pfupiso

• Chibvumirano chehurongwa chinogadza hurongwa uye chinogonawo kuva nezvisungo zvakazvimiririra, zvakaita sehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengwa kana kuti kusarudzwa kwemunhu oga.
• Nyora kuti chibvumirano chekumisa basa chinoumbwa sei uye kuti ndechipi gwaro rinoshanda.
• Chibvumirano chenguva isingazivikanwi chisina chikamu chekugumisa chinogona kugumiswa; kana paine chikamu, chikamu ichocho chinoshandawo musimboti (ECLI:NL:HR:2025:763).
• Pazvibvumirano zvehurumende, Mutemo wePublic Procurement Act wa2012 unosarudza kuti chibvumirano chinopedzwa sei uye chinogadziriswa sei.

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