Paunofamba uchienda kuNetherlands, mitemo miviri yakasiyana yemitero inoshandiswa, uye vafambi vazhinji vanongowana yechipiri kana zvanonoka. Yekutanga ine chekuita nemutero neVAT: kana uine mari inopfuura mari yaunobhadhara, unofanirwa kuzivisa zvinhu wobhadhara. Yechipiri ine chekuita nezvinhu zvinorambidzwa uye zvinorambidzwa, zvausingakwanise kuuya nazvo zvachose, kana chete nemvumo - kusanganisira zvombo nepfuti dzenhema, mamwe mapanga, zvinodhaka, mhuka dzakachengetedzwa nemiti (nezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nazvo), zvinhu zvenhema, nemari iri pamusoro pemuganho wekuzivisa.
Migumisiro yacho inosiyana zvichienderana neizvi. Kutenga kusina kutaurwa kunowanzoreva kuti unobhadhara mutero pamwe nefaindi. Chinhu chakarambidzwa chinogona kureva kutorwa kwechinhu uye, zvichienderana nekuti chii, kuferefetwa kwemhosva.
Chii chinoitika kana tsika dzikaona zvinhu zvisingabvumirwi?
Kana uchibhururuka uchienda kuNetherlands, semuenzaniso neSchiphol Airport kana Eindhoven Panhandare yendege, unopfuura nemumaforodha. Zvinowanzoitika kuti mukwende wemufambi une zvinhu zvinorambidzwa, zvinounzwa nemaune kana kuti nekuda kwekusangwarira. Chero chikonzero chipi zvacho, migumisiro yacho inogona kuva yakakomba.
Tsika dzeDutch dzine simba radzo rekupa mitongo yemhosva kana yekutonga. Simba iri rinotevera kubva kuGeneral Customs Act (Algemene Douanewet). Pazasi tinotsanangura kuti zvirango zvipi zvinoshanda uye kuti zvinogona kuva zvakakomba sei.
Mutemo upi unopa tsika masimba aya?
Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch unoshandisa musimboti wenzvimbo: Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch (Wetboek van Strafrecht) unovhara munhu wese anoita mhosva muNetherlands, zvisinei nerudzi kana nyika yaanogara. Algemene Douanewet inotevera musimboti mumwe chete uye inoshandawo kumamiriro etsika anoitika munharaunda yeDutch.
Kana Algemene Douanewet isingaise mitemo yayo, zvinoitwa muDutch Criminal Code neGeneral Administrative Law Act (Algemene wet bestuursrecht, kana Awb) zvinoshanda. Algemene Douanewet pachayo inosimbisa zvirango zvemhosva, uye kuti rudzii rwechirango runoshanda zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Ndirini panogona kupiwa chirango chekutonga netsika?
Mitero inogona kuisa chirango chekutonga kana, semuenzaniso, usingaunze zvinhu kuti zviongororwe, usingatevedzere mitemo yemvumo, zvinhu zvisipo panzvimbo yekuchengetera, mitemo yezvinhu zvinounzwa muEU isingapedzwe nenguva, kana zvinhu zvikasawana nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu panguva. Mitero yekutonga yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nemitero yemhosva, uye mune dzimwe nguva inovharwa sechikamu chemitero inobhadharwa.
Mutongo wemhosva unoshanda riini?
Chirango chemhosva chinowanzo shandiswa kana zvinhu zvisingabvumidzwe zvasvika muNetherlands, semuenzaniso nepanhandare yendege. Kubhadhara mari yemutero kunogona kubhadharisa mhosva kana zvinhu zvisingabvumidzwe kupinzwa munyika zviri pamutemo, kana kana zvinhu zvikaziviswa zvisirizvo. Algemene Douanewet inotsanangurawo dzimwe mhosva dzakawanda dzemhosva.
Faindi yemhosva inowanzo kuve yakakwira kana mitero yakanzvengwa, uye inobva yabatanidzwa nemari yakanzvengwa kana iri mari yakawanda. Kana chiito chacho chakaitwa nemaune, faindi yepamusoro inove yakakwira zvakare. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Algemene Douanewet inobvumirawo mutongo wejeri, izvo zvinoshandura chiito ichi kuita mhosva (misdrijf) pane mhosva (overtreding).
Kana Algemene Douanewet isingapi mutongo wejeri, asi faindi chete, mutemo uyu unoonekwa semhosva (yakawandisa). Kana mutemo uchipa mutongo wejeri, mutemo uyu unoonekwa semhosva (misdrijf), uye nyaya dzakakomba - kusanganisira kupinzwa kwezvinhu zvakarambidzwa - dzinogona kutungamira kumutongo wejeri.
Muenzaniso unoratidza: mufambi anodzoka kubva kuzororo aine chiyeuchidzo chakagadzirwa kubva kumhuka yakachengetedzwa kana rudzi rwemiti, asingazive kuti anoda mvumo. Mitero inogona kutora chinhu chacho ipapo ipapo uye, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kupa faindi yekutonga kana kuvhura kuferefeta kwemhosva. Chokwadi chekuti mufambi haana kuziva kuti chinhu chacho chakarambidzwa hachidziviriri chirango.
Nzira yacho inoshanda sei?
- Maitiro ekutonga: izvi zvakasiyana nemaitiro emhosva. Kuti akanyatsojeka sei zvinoenderana nekuoma kwemutemo. Kune faindi diki, tsika dzinongokuzivisai zvadzakawana. Kune faindi dzakakwira, maitiro akanyatsojeka anoshanda, uye munowana zvakawanikwa.
- Usati wabhadhariswa faindi yakakura, unotanga wagamuchira chiziviso chakanyorwa chechinangwa checustoms chekubhadharisa, kuitira kuti ugone kupindura. Kana usingabvumirani nechisarudzo checustoms (muongorori), unogona kuramba mukati menguva yakatarwa mushure mesarudzo, uye customs inofanira kuiongorora zvakare mukati menguva yakatarwa. Mushure meizvozvo, unogona kuendesa nyaya yacho kudare.
- Maitiro ematsotsi: kana tsika dzemutero dzichiona mhosva, dzinonyora mushumo wepamutemo, uyo unogona kupihwa gwaro remhosva (strafbeschikking). Kana faindi yapasa mari yakati, unofanira kutanga wanzwikwa usati wapihwa gwaro racho. Unogamuchira kopi yegwaro remhosva, uye muongorori kana mumwe mukuru akasarudzwa anogadza nguva yaunofanira kubhadhara.
- Kana usingabvumirani nemutemo wekurangwa, unogona kupokana (verzet) neDutch public prosecution service mukati memavhiki maviri. Nyaya yacho inobva yaongororwazve: mutemo wacho unogona kubviswa, kuchinjwa, kana kuendeswa kudare, iro rinozosarudza. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, mushumo wepamutemo unoenda zvakananga kumuchuchisi wehurumende, uyo anogonawo kuudzosera kumuongorori. Kana mutemo wekurangwa usina kubhadharwa, mutongo wejeri unogona kutevera.
Mari yemutongo inosarudzwa sei?
Algemene Douanewet inotsanangura gwara rechirango. Mari chaiyo inosarudzwa nemuongorori, mumwe mukuru akasarudzwa, kana - nekuda kwemhosva dzemhosva - muchuchisi wehurumende, uye inonyorwa mugwaro rechirango (strafbeschikking) kana sarudzo yekutonga (beschikking). Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, unogona kuramba sarudzo yekutonga netsika, kana kuisa chipikiso (verzet) pamusoro pegwaro rechirango kumuchuchisi wehurumende, mushure mezvo dare rinova nesarudzo yekupedzisira.
Unofanira kubhadhara riini uye sei?
Kasitomu inowanzopa gwaro remhosva kana sarudzo yekutonga nguva pfupi mushure mechiitiko ichi, sezvo zvichitora nguva kugadzirisa faira racho. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva, mutemo weDutch unobvumidza kubhadharwa ipapo ipapo - semuenzaniso kana zvinodhaka zvikawanikwa pamutambo.
Hatikurudziri kubhadhara nekukasika, sezvo izvi zvichionekwa sekubvuma mhosva uye zvinogona kutungamira kunhoroondo yemhosva, pakati pezvimwe migumisiro. Zvakanaka kubhadhara kana kuramba zviri pamutemo mukati menguva yakatarwa. Kana faindi ikaramba isina kubhadharwa mushure mekuyeuchidzwa, tsika dzinowanzo sanganisira bailiff, uye kana izvozvo zvikasashanda, mutongo wejeri unogona kutevera.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndingati handina kuziva kuti chinhu ichi chairambidzwa here?
Kusaziva kuti chinhu chakarambidzwa hakuwanzoiti kuti usapihwe chirango. Kubhadhara faindi, kana kutanga nyaya yemhosva, kunyangwe kana waunza zvinhu usina chinangwa chekutyora mutemo. Zvinogona kuita basa guru mukubata nyaya yacho, asi hazvisi vimbiso yekuti hapana chirango chinotevera.
Ndingaitei kana zvinhu zvikabatwa pamuganhu?
Kumbira kuti unyorerwe gwaro rekusimbisa kuti chii chakatorwa uye kuti sei. Nyora ruzivo rwemupurisa wezvemitero aripo, uye usasaina chero chinhu chausinganyatsonzwisisa. Tsvaga mazano emutemo usati wapindura kumurairo wekurangwa kana sarudzo yehutungamiriri.
Izvi zvinoshanda chete kune vanofamba vega here?
Kwete. Mabhizinesi anopinza zvinhu muNetherlands anotarisana nemitemo yakafanana pasi peAlgemene Douanewet, kazhinji pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvekuwedzera marezenisi uye mishumo yezvinhu zvakataurwa.
Muchidimbu
- Kuunza zvinhu zvakarambidzwa kana zvakarambidzwa muNetherlands kunogona kukonzera chirango chekutonga, chirango chemhosva, kana zvese zviri zviviri.
- Tsika dzinowana simba radzo kubva kuAlgemene Douanewet, pamwe chete neDutch Criminal Code uye Awb.
- Zvirango zvehutungamiriri zvinowanzova zvakaderera pane faindi dzemhosva uye zvinotevera maitiro ekuzivisa akanyorwa.
- Unogona kuramba chisarudzo chehutungamiriri, kana kuisa mhosva yekupikisa gwaro rechirango, chimwe nechimwe mukati menguva yakatarwa.
- Kubhadhara gwaro rechirango kunobva kwaonekwa sekubvuma mhosva - tsvaga mazano usati waita izvozvo.
Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa zvaungasarudza mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.
sei Law & More zvinogona kukubatsira neizvi zvinotsanangurwa pa gweta remhosva peji.
