Kupinda muhukama hweDutch (Vennootschap Onder Firma - VOF) kunowanzoenzaniswa nemuchato. Hukama uhwu hunowanzo pindirwa nekuvimbana uye zvinangwa zvekutengeserana zvakafanana, asi kana mumwe wevakaroorana akasarudza kusiya, mhedzisiro yepamutemo neyemari inogona kuva yakanyanya. Kusiyana nekambani yakazvimirira (BV), VOF haina hunhu hwepamutemo uye haipe kupatsanurana pakati pebhizinesi nezvinhu zvepachivande. Vadyidzani vane mutoro wakananga, ivo pachavo uye pamwe chete pazvisungo zvehukama.
Saka kubuda muVOF hakusi kungori danho rekutonga chete, asi inzira yakaoma yepamutemo inosanganisira kusawirirana kwekuongorora, kubatwa kwevakweretesi uye njodzi dzemutoro kwenguva refu. Pasina kugadzirira kwakanyatsonaka, kubvisa mari kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru kwemari uye kutongwa kwematare kwenguva refu.
1. Hurongwa hwemutemo: kudyidzana pakati peCode yeBhizinesi neCode yeVanhu
VOF ine chinzvimbo chakasiyana mumutemo weDutch . Kunyangwe isina hunhu hwepamutemo, ine dziva rezvinhu zvakasiyana. Hurongwa hwemutemo hunodzora kubuda kwemakambani hwakakamurwa uye hunosanganisira musanganiswa weDutch Commercial Code (Wetboek van Koophandel) neDutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek).
VOF senzira yakakosha yekudyidzana
Pasi pemutemo weDutch, VOF inoonekwa semubatanidzwa (maatschap) unotungamira bhizinesi pasi pezita rakajairika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mitemo yakajairika inodzora kubatana pasi pezvinyorwa 7:1655 nezvimwe zvinotevera zveCivil Code inoshanda, kunze kwekunge Commercial Code ichipa zvimwe. Mutemo unofunga kuti hukama hwekudyidzana ndehwemunhu oga.
Zvikonzero zvekugumiswa kwemutemo pasi pechikamu 7:1683 Civil Code
Hukama hwepamutemo pakati pevaviri ava hunogona kupera nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupera kwenguva yakatarwa kana kupedzwa kwechinangwa chakaitwa kuti mubatanidzwa uvepo. Muviri anogonawo kugumisa mubatanidzwa nekupa chiziviso, chero bedzi kugumisa kwakadaro kusingatyori misimboti yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira.
Pamusoro pezvo, kufa, kubhuroka kana kusakwanisa pamutemo kwemumwe wako zvichaguma nekuparadzwa kwehukama. Chekupedzisira, dare rinogona kuputsa hukama nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine musoro, zvakaita sekuputsika kwekuvimbana, kusatungamira zvakanaka kana kusawirirana kunoramba kuripo zvichiita kuti kushandira pamwe kusashande pamwe chete.
2. Kubvisa chibvumirano kana kuparadzwa: kukosha kwezvikamu zvinoenderera mberi
Pfungwa isiriyo yakajairika pakati pevanoita zvemabhizimisi ndeyekuti mubatsiri anogona kungobvisa mubatanidzwa asi mubatanidzwa wacho uchienderera mberi usina kukanganiswa. Kana pasina zvibvumirano zvechibvumirano, kubviswa kwemubatsiri kunoguma nekuparadzwa kweVOF yese zviri pamutemo. Kuparara kwekambani kunokonzera kutengeswa kwemari: midziyo inofanira kuzadzikiswa, zvikwereti zvinogadziriswa uye chero mari yasara inogoverwa.
Kuti izvi zvisaitike, chikamu chekuenderera mberi kwebhizinesi chakakosha. Chikamu 30 cheCommercial Code chinobvumira vadyidzani kubvumirana kuti bhizinesi richaenderera mberi nevadyidzani vasara kana zvikaitika kuti varege kushanda. Muchokwadi, izvi zvinoreva kuti mubatanidzwa wakabviswa unoteverwa nebhizinesi rinoenderera mberi, nemidziyo nezvikwereti zvichiendeswa kune vadyidzani vasara. Pasina chikamu chakadaro, kuramba kwebhizinesi kuri panjodzi pese panobva mudyidzani.
3. Kugadzirisa nyaya dzemari nekusawirirana kwemitengo
Kugadzirisa nyaya dzemari kazhinji ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukakavadzana pakubuda kweVOF. Kusawirirana kunowanzo muka pamusoro pemari inobhadharwa kumubatsiri anobvisa, zvichikonzera kuti pave nekuongorora kwenyanzvi uye kutongwa kwematare.
Zvikamu zvekubhadhara kwekubuda
Mutemo wenyaya dzeDutch unosimbisa kuti chikumbiro chemubatsiri anobvisa mari chinowanzova nezvinhu zvitatu. Chekutanga, account yemari, inoratidza mupiro wekutanga wakagadziriswa wekubvisa mari uye migove yepurofiti kana kurasikirwa. Chechipiri, mari yakavanzwa, iri musiyano uripo pakati pehunhu hwebhuku uye hunhu chaihwo hwemusika hwezvinhu. Chechitatu, kunaka, kunomiririra kukosha kwehupfumi hwesimba rekuwana mari remushandirapamwe mune ramangwana.
Nzira dzekuongorora kukosha uye kunaka kwemunhu
Kana chibvumirano chekudyidzana chisingatauri nzira yekuyera kukosha kwemari, kusawirirana kunowanzoitika. Matare edzimhosva agara achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kukosha kwemukati uye nzira dzinoenderana nemari inowanikwa. Mitongo yazvino iri kuwedzera kufarira nzira yeDiscounted Cash Flow, sezvo ichiratidza zviri nani chokwadi chehupfumi.
Zvibvumirano zvekudyidzana zvinogona kusabatanidza rugare rwemunhu kana kuti kugadzirisa chibvumirano chakakodzera. Zvikamu zvakadaro zvinowanzo shanda, kunze kwekunge kushandiswa kwazvo kusingagamuchirwi pasi pemisimboti yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
4. Mutoro wakabatana uye wakawanda: njodzi isinganyanyi kutarisirwa pasi
Njodzi huru uye inowanzo shoropodzwa yekubuda muVOF ndeyekuenderera mberi kwemhosva dzekubatana pamwe chete uye dzakawanda. Zvichienderana nechikamu 18 cheCommercial Code, mumwe nemumwe ane mutoro wega wega wemari yese yezvikwereti zvemubatanidzwa.
Mutoro wezvisungo zviripo
Mubatsiri anobvisa kambani anoramba aine mutoro wezvisungo zvakaitwa panguva yekutora chikamu kwavo. Kunyangwe makore mushure mekusiya kambani, vaimbova vabatsiri vanogona kuramba vachipomerwa mhosva dzezvikumbiro zvakatanga vachiri chikamu cheVOF.
Kune zvibvumirano zvenguva refu, zvakaita sezvibvumirano zvekurenda kana zvikwereti zvebhangi, mutoro unowanzoenderera mberi kusvika chibvumirano chapera, kunze kwekunge mukweretesi abvisa pachena mudiwa ari kubva pamhosva. Kungobvisa muhukama chete hakuna kukwana.
Zvikwereti zvitsva uye kunyoreswa muRejista Yekutengeserana
Kana kubvisa mari yacho kusina kunyoreswa zvakanaka muDutch Trade Register, vaimbova vadyidzani vanogonawo kupiwa mhosva yemabasa matsva. Mutemo unodzivirira vanhu vechitatu vakavimba nerejista yacho zvine musoro. Mutoro weuchapupu uri pamunhu wekare wekuratidza kuti mukweretesi aiziva kana kuti aifanira kunge aiziva nezvekubviswa kwacho.
5. Humbowo nemagwaro mukukakavadzana kwekubuda mumatare
Mumakakatanwa ane chekuita nenguva yekubviswa kwenyaya kana huwandu hwekugadzirisa nyaya, magwaro ndiwo anosarudza. Matare anogara achiramba zvikumbiro zvichibva pazvibvumirano zvemuromo chete.
Magwaro akakosha anosanganisira chiziviso chakanyorwa chekugumisa basa, zviri nani kutumirwa netsamba yakanyoreswa, humbowo hwekubviswa kuChamber of Commerce, pepa rekubuda rakasainwa, uye zvisimbiso zvakanyorwa kubva kune vane zvikwereti zvikuru vanobvuma kusunungurwa kubva pamhosva.
Mhedziso: kudzivirira kuri nani pane kupomerana
Mutemo weDutch unongopa nzira yekuchengetedza vanhu vanobuda muVOF, zvichisiya nzvimbo yakakura yekusaziva. Mumiriri weparamende anofunga kuti vadyidzani vachagadzira zvibvumirano zvehunyanzvi. Kana zvirongwa zvakadaro zvisipo, matare nenyanzvi vanosiyiwa kuti vazadze mipata, kazhinji nemutengo mukuru.
Nzira yakasimba yekubuda inofanira kunge iine mitemo yakajeka yekuenderera mberi, nzira yakatarwa yekuongorora, zvigadziko zvekusava nemakwikwi mushure mekubuda uye zvisiri zvekukumbira, uye nzira yakarongeka yekuwana kusunungurwa kwemukwereti.
Uri kutarisana nekubuda mubhizinesi here kana kuti ungada kuti chibvumirano chako chekushandira pamwe chive "chinodzivirira kubuda"? Law & More inopa mazano kune vese vanobvisa makambani pamwe nevasara vari mubhizinesi rekubuda mubhizinesi rakaoma.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa - Kubuda muDutch general partnership (VOF)
Ndingasiya VOF chero nguva here?
Muchokwadi, hongu. Zvisinei, kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira, kubviswa kwenyu kuchaguma nekuparadzwa kwemubatanidzwa, zvichiguma nemigumisiro yakakura.
Ndinoramba ndine mhosva here mushure mekurega kubhadhara?
Ehe. Munoramba muri mutoro pamwe chete uye mumwe nemumwe wezvisungo zvakaitwa panguva yekutora chikamu kwenyu, kunze kwekunge vakweretesi vakusunungurai pachena.
Ndine kodzero yekuwana runako here kana ndabuda?
Izvi zvinoenderana nechibvumirano chekushandira pamwe chete. Kana kuzvipira kwakanaka kusina kusiyiwa, kazhinji une kodzero yekuwana mugove.
Kuzivisa nemuromo kunoshanda here pamutemo?
Kuzivisa nemuromo kunogona kushanda zviri pamutemo, asi kune njodzi huru nekuda kwematambudziko euchapupu.
Sei kubvisa kunyoreswa kwakakosha kudaro?
Kukundikana kubvisa kunyoresa kunogona kukuisa panjodzi yechikwereti chitsva zvichibva pakuvimba nebato rechitatu.
Matare anogona here kudzima zvikamu zvekuyerwa kwemutengo wezvinhu?
Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki chete apo kushandiswa kwacho kwaisazogamuchirwa pasi pemitemo yekunzwisisa uye kururamisira.
