Kudzingwa muNetherlands inzira inodzorwa nedare. Muridzi wemba haagone kuzvipedza ega, uye muridzi wemba haawanzo dzingwa kunze husiku hwese. Pakati pekubhadhara kwekutanga kusina kubhadharwa nemota yekubviswa pane tsamba yekukumbirwa, kukumbira kudare, kunzwa nyaya, kutonga uye chiziviso chemumiriri wedare. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kurongeka kwenyaya, nguva, mari uye kuti divi rega rega rine mukana wekuita chiito.
Mutemo mukuru: hapana kudzingwa kunze kwedare
Muridzi wemba haafanire kumbobvisa imba yake ega. Kugumisa rendi uye kubvisa imba yacho zvisarudzo zvakasiyana, uye zvese ndezvedare. Kusvika mutongi abvumidza gwaro rekudzinga imba uye muchengeti wemba asimbisa zvarinotaura, muridzi wemba anogona kuramba aripo, chero chikwereti chasara uye chero chibvumirano chinotaura.
Angasadaro:
- chinja makiyi kana kuisa cheni;
- kudimbura mvura, gasi, magetsi kana kudziyisa kuti munhu anoroja abude;
- kubvisa, kuchengeta kana kurasa zvinhu zvemuroja;
- kupinda mumba musina mvumo, angave muridzi wayo kana kuti kwete.
Mutemo weDutch unoti izvi kuzvibatsira eigenrichting , uye hazvibvumirwi nemutemo. Muroja anogona kutanga kurambidzwa kwenguva pfupi ( kort geding ) uye anowanzo dzoka mukati memazuva, muridzi wemba achirairwa kuti adzorere kupinda kana achinge abhadhariswa chirango chezuva nezuva uye aine mhosva yekurasikirwa kwakakonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwacho. Kupinda mumba asingade muridzi wemba kunogonawo kuva mhosva yehuisvredebreuk ( chinyorwa 138 Sr). Muridzi wemba anochinja makiyi anoshandura nyaya yaangadai akakunda kuita yaacharasikirwa nayo zvechokwadi.
Nzira mbiri: opzegging uye ontbinding
Kugumiswa nechiziviso (opzegging)
Kubvisa imba zvinoreva kugumisa chibvumirano chekugara netsamba, inotumirwa netsamba yakanyoreswa, pane imwe yezvikonzero zvepamutemo zvakavharwa. Zvinoonekwa muzvinyorwa pamusoro pekugumisa kwekugara muBhuku 7, Musoro 4, Chikamu 5 BW (zvinyorwa 271 kusvika 282 BW): kuti mugari haana kuzvibata semugari akanaka, kuti muridzi wemba anoda imba nekukurumidza kuti ishandiswe ( dringend eigen gebruik ), kuti mugari anoramba chibvumirano chitsva chine musoro, uye kuti imba yacho inodiwa kuti iputswe kana kugadziridzwa patsva.
Nguva dzekuzivisa dzinotangira pamwedzi mitatu yerendi iri pasi pegore, dzichikwira nemwedzi mumwe pagore kusvika paanosvika matanhatu. Chiziviso chega hachigumiri: kunze kwekunge muridzi wemba abvuma nekunyora, rendi inoenderera mberi nekushanda kwemutemo kusvika dare rasarudza zvakasiyana, uye muridzi wemba anofanira kumhan'arira. Zvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa zvedzimba zvakaderedzwawo nemutemo weWet vaste huurcontracten, wakashanda kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 2024, uyo wakadzoreredza rendi risingaperi semutemo mukuru, saka muridzi wemba aifunga kuti chibvumirano chake chaizopera anogona kunge aine rendi yakavhurika.
Kunyungudika kwekutyorwa kwemutemo (kusunga)
Chinyorwa 6:265 BW chinoti kukundikana kwese mukushanda kunoita kuti rimwe bato rive nesimba rekuputsa, kunze kwekunge kukundikana, tichifunga nezvehunhu hwayo kana kukosha kwayo kudiki, kusingakonzeri kuparadzwa. Kune dzimba, simba iroro harishandiswe netsamba: Chinyorwa 7:231 BW inochengetera kuparadzwa kwerendi yenzvimbo yakavakwa kudare. Kunze kwekuvharwa kwepfuma, pasi peChinyorwa 13b cheOpium Act kana Chinyorwa 174a cheMunicipalities Act, uko muridzi wemba anogona kuparara asina kuenda kudare.
Munyaya dzemari yekukwereta rendi, kubhadhara imba ndiyo nzira inowanzoitwa. Hapana nguva yekuzivisa inotanga yapera, chokwadi hachifanirwe kuenderana nerunyorwa rwakavharwa, uye muridzi wemba anogona kusanganisa chikumbiro chemari, kubviswa kweimba uye kudzingwa mukukumbira kumwe chete. Maitiro akafanana anoshanda kune vanhu vanonetsa, vanokwereta vasina mvumo uye varima mbanje.
Zvakawanda sei zvinokwana? Muganho wekushivirira
Mashoko ekuti "kunze kwekunge kukundikana, tichifunga nezvehunhu hwayo hwakakosha kana kukosha kwayo kudiki, kusingakonzeri kuparadzwa kweimba" ndiwo anodzivirira zvikuru muroja. Mumutongo wayo wekusarura wa28 Gunyana 2018 (ECLI:NL:HR:2018:1810) Hoge Raad yakasimbisa mashandiro ebvunzo. Mutemo mukuru une musiyano: chero kutyorwa kweimba kunopa simba rekuputsa imba; muridzi wemba anoratidza kutyorwa kweimba uye muroja anofanira kusimbisa musiyano. Kusatenderwa uku hakungogumiri pazvinhu zvakataurwa mumutemo - mamiriro ese ezvinhu anogona kuyerwa, kusanganisira kufarira kwemuroja kuchengetedza imba yake, uye dare rinofanira kuayera kunyangwe asina kutadza.
Saka kunonoka kubhadhara kamwe chete, kana kuti mari shoma yasara, hazvizoburitsi gwaro rekudzingwa. Asi hapana muganho mumwedzi iyo kudzingwa kunotevera: hapana mutemo, uye hapana gwara renyika rematare, rinogadzirisa chimwe. Zvikwereti zvinosvika kumwedzi yakati wandei zviri kuitika panguva iyo varidzi vemba vanopomera uye apo chikumbiro chinomira mukana chaiwo, asi nhamba yacho haisarudze chinhu chega - dare richiri kufanira kuyera kutyorwa kwezvinhu zvese izvo Hoge Raad inoda kuti iongorore, uye inogona kuramba kudzingwa nechikwereti chikuru kana kubvumidza kune zvidiki.
Nyaya dzemuganho dzinochinja maitiro semasvomhu: kana muroja akapindura tsamba yekubvunza, kana chibvumirano chakapihwa ndokuputswa, uye kana rubatsiro rwechikwereti rwakakumbirwa.
Maitiro akajairika, nhanho nenhanho
Nyaya dzekubhadhara dzimba dzinoenda kudare redunhu ( kantonrechter ), zvisinei nekuti mari yacho iri kudiwa, uye dzinotanga nekukumbirwa kwemumiriri wedare ( dagvaarding ). Gweta harimanikidzwe, kunyangwe rinowanzova remuridzi wemba uye rinowanzoita sarudzo kune remugari wemba.
| Step | Chii chinoitika | Nguva inoratidza |
|---|---|---|
| Tsamba yekuda | Ziviso yekusabhadhara chikwereti ichiratidza nguva yekubhadhara chikwereti uye nguva yekubhadhara. | Mavhiki e2-6 |
| Masaman | Muchengeti wematare anoshandira dagvaarding achiti ane chikwereti chemari, kuparadzwa uye kudzingwa. | Yakapihwa vhiki imwe chete isati yasvika |
| Kudzivirira | Mhinduro dzemurendi dzakanyorwa kana nemuromo. Hapana mhinduro zvinoreva kuti munhu haafanire kubhadhara, asi chikumbiro chichiri kuyedzwa. | Mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu mushure mebasa |
| Kunzwa | Mativi ese ari maviri akanzwa; mutongi anowanzo ongorora gadziriro yekutanga. | Chikamu chimwe chete, kazhinji pasi peawa |
| Kutongwa | Vonnis achibvisa mari yerendi, achiraira muripo uye achibvumidza kudzingwa. | Mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu mushure mekunzwa nyaya |
| Odha kuti ubve | Mutongi wedare ndiye anotonga uye anorayira mugari wemota kuti abve. | Kazhinji mazuva gumi nemana |
| chiziviso | Muchengeti wemari anozivisa zuva rekudzingwa kweimba nerubatsiro rwakasiyana. | Chidimbu chepamutemo chipfupi |
| Kudzinga | Muchengeti wemhosva anobvisa zvinhu zvose mumba, pamwe chete nemapurisa nevanobvisa zvinhu kana zvichidikanwa. | Pazuva rakaziviswa |
Kusvika kumagumo, nyaya isina kudzoserwa mari inowanzotora mwedzi mitatu kusvika mishanu. Izvi, pamwe nenguva imwe neimwe iri patafura, semuenzaniso kwete kodzero: kunze kwenguva shoma yekuziviswa kwekudzingwa kwemunhu, hapana imwe yenguva idzi yakatarwa nemutemo. Dare rinoisa zuva rekusiya mutongo waro, uye nguva yekunzwa nekutonga inotevera mitemo yenyaya dzedunhu diki nebasa redare racho, iro Rechtspraak inotaura nezvaro muhuwandu hwayo hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakaburitswa. Nyaya yakadzivirirwa, kana iyo muroja anochengeta gadziriro, inotora nguva yakareba uye inowanzopera pasina kudzingwa zvachose.
Kusimbiswa kwechinguvana uye kukwidza nyaya
Mutongo wekudzingwa unowanzo ziviswa kuti unogona kushanda kwenguva pfupi ( uitvoerbaar bij voorraad ) pasi pechinyorwa 233 Rv. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa iyo varongi vanowanzo nzwisisa: kukwidzwa kwenyaya, kunotongwa nenyaya dziri pamusoro pehoger beroep dzinosanganisira chikamu 350 Rv, hakumisi kusimbiswa kwemutemo. Muridzi wemba anogona kudzinga imba ichiri kutarisirwa.
Muroja anogona kukumbira dare repamusoro kuti rimise kusimbiswa kwenyaya, pamuedzo wakaganhurirwa unowanzo da chikanganiso chepamutemo kana chechokwadi kana emergency iyo mutongi wekutanga aisagona kuyera. Neimwe nzira anogona kuunza gakava rekusimbiswa kwenyaya ( executiegeschil ) pamberi pemutongi wenguva pfupi pasi pechinyorwa 438 Rv, achiti kusimbiswa kwenyaya ikozvino kutyorwa kwekodzero. Hapana kana kudzokororwa kwenyaya yacho. Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kufungidzira kuti nyaya yacho yakwidzwa munguva pfupi, uye nguva yacho ipfupi: mwedzi mitatu kubva pazuva rekutongwa kwenyaya yakajairika, asi mavhiki mana chete kubva pakutongwa kwenyaya (chinyorwa 339 Rv).
Iyo interim injunction nzira (kort geding)
Kubhadhara chikwereti (kort geding) inzira pfupi iri pamberi pemutongi wenguva pfupi ( voorzieningenrechter ) pasi penyaya dzinotanga pachikamu 254 Rv. Inopa sarudzo yenguva pfupi, kazhinji mukati memavhiki, asi haigone kuputsa chibvumirano. Ndiyo muganho mukuru: muridzi wemba haagone kuwana chibvumirano chekuchengetedza chikwereti, asi anongoda kuraira kuti abve pamba.
Inobvumirwa kune muridzi wemba chete kana chikumbiro chiri chekukurumidzira uye mhedzisiro yenyaya dzakajairika isina mubvunzo zvakanyanya - kukanganiswa kukuru, kushandiswa kwepfuma nemhosva, kugara kunoramba kuripo mushure mekunge imba yapera, kana kugara pasina kodzero yekuva muridzi wemba. Nyaya yakatwasuka yechikwereti haiwanzo fanirwa: kufarira kwemuridzi wemba yake kunopfuura kufarira kwemuridzi wemba kukurumidza.
Kune vanoroja imba inobatsirawo zvakafanana: ndiyo nzira yekurwisa muridzi wemba akachinja makiyi, uye yekumisa kudzingwa kwakaziviswa uko mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvakanyanya.
Vanhu vanogara mudzimba dzisina vanhu, nzvimbo dzebhizinesi nevanhu vanogaramo vasina kodzero dzekuwana magwaro ebasa
Squatters
Kugara pamba imhosva, uye pane nzira mbiri: chikumbiro chemhosva chemuridzi, kana mvumo yemuchuchisi wehurumende. Mumutongo wavo wemusi wa28 Gumiguru 2011 (ECLI:NL:HR:2011:BQ9880) Hoge Raad yakataura kuti kudzingwa pamba panzvimbo yemhosva kunokanganisa kodzero yekuremekedza imba pasi pechikamu 8 cheECHR zvekuti zvinoda kuti dare ritange raongorora: vane masimba vanofanira kuzivisa izvi nekunyora, kubvumidza mazuva manomwe ekugara pamba, uye kumirira mutongo wemutongi, kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika akadai sekutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu.
Nzvimbo dzebhizimisi
Vagari venzvimbo dzekutengesa nedzekugamuchira vaenzi pasi pechikamu 290 uye vanotevera BW vane hurongwa hwavo hwemitemo nezvikonzero zvekugumisa. Vagari vedzimwe nzvimbo dzebhizinesi, kunyanya mahofisi nenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, vanowira pasi pechikamu 7:230a BW; musiyano wacho unoratidzwa muchinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemarendi ekutengeserana pasi pechikamu 290 na230a : kana rendi yapera uye chiziviso chekubuda chapihwa, mugari anogona kukumbira dare redunhu kuti riwedzere nguva yekubuda, uye kudzingwa kunomiswa apo chikumbiro ichocho chichiri kumirira. Chikumbiro chinofanira kuitwa mukati memwedzi miviri kubva pazuva rataurwa rekubuda, uye dare rinogona kupa nguva isingasviki katatu yegore rimwe chete.
Vagari vasina zita rekuti
Mumwe munhu ari muimba iyi asina chibvumirano — mudiwa wekare wemuroja akasiyiwa, muenzi asingazobvi, mugari pasi pechibvumirano chekurwisa kugara nevanhu vasina kuroorwa — haana kuchengetedzwa kwekugara, uye idzi ndidzo nyaya dzakajeka dzekugara nevanhu vasina kuroorwa. Nyevero ndeyekuti gadziriro yakanyorwa kuti anti-squat dzimwe nguva inoonekwa seyekurenda, ine dziviriro inounza.
Muchengeti wemari, chiziviso nezvinhu
Muchengeti wedare chete ( gerechtsdeurwaarder ) ndiye anogona kusimbisa gwaro rekudzingwa, uye iye mushandi wehurumende, kwete mushandi wemuridzi wemba. Anoita mutongo, orayira muridzi wemba kuti abude, obva azivisa kudzingwa kweimba nekushandisa imwe nzira. Kudzingwa kweimba nechisimba kunotongwa nenyaya dziri pagedwongen ontruiming, nyaya 555 kusvika 562 Rv. Nyaya 555 Rv inotara nguva shoma yemazuva matatu pakati pegwaro iroro nekudzingwa kweimba; kuti nguva pfupi yepamutemo haisi iyo nguva yakareba yekuzvidira yakapihwa mumutongo.
Pazuva iro muchengeti wemari anogona kufonera mapurisa kuti apinde uye achengetedze runyararo, uye mugadziri wemakiyi. Muridzi wemba anoronga uye anobhadhara vanobvisa zvinhu pakutanga, uye zvinhu zvinosara zvinotorwa. Zvinoitika kwavari hazvichisiri nyaya yemuno. Kanzuru inofanira kutora zvinhu zvozvichengeta, zvichibhadhariswa nebato rinoita mutongo, uye mitemo yekutonga inoshanda pakuchengetwa ikoko (chinyorwa 556 Rv, tichitarisa chinyorwa 5:29 na5:30 Awb). Kuchengeta kunogara kwemavhiki gumi nematatu, mushure mezvo zvinhu zvinogona kutengeswa kana kuparadzwa; pazvinotengeswa muridzi wekare anoramba achitora mari yacho kwemakore matatu. Zvinhu zvisina kukosha kune muridzi wazvo, uye chero chinhu chine njodzi kana chinoora, zvinogona kuenda ipapo ipapo. Mari inosvika kumuroja kuburikidza nemuridzi wemba, kwete kuburikidza nebhiri kubva kumasipala.
Kudzingwa kweimba kunogona kumiswa kusvika panguva yekupedzisira. Varidzi vemba vanowanzomisa imba apo mari yekusarira nemari inobhadharwa zvizere, kana kuti kana chibvumirano chabvumiranwa uye muridzi wemba akarayira kuti imba imiswe. Asi kuchinjika kunoderera zvakanyanya kana vanhu vanobvisa imba vabhukwa.
Mari, uye ndiani anozobhadhara
Mari dzedare ( griffierecht ) mumatare edunhu diki dzinoenderana nekukosha kwechikumbiro uye kana munyoreri ari kambani, munhu wega, kana bato rine mari shoma, rinobhadhara mutero wakaderera wakaenzana mumabhureki mazhinji. Mabhureki nemari yacho zvakatarwa nemutemo, zvinogadziriswa kubva musi wa1 Ndira gore rega rega, uye zvinoburitswa mutafura inosimbiswa neRechtspraak; mutero unoshanda ndiwo unoshanda kana nyaya yacho yaendeswa. Hapana VAT inobhadhariswa pamutero wedare.
Pamusoro pezvo wedzerai muripo wemuchengeti weimba, uyo unogadziriswa neBesluit tarieven ambtshandelingen gerechtsdeurwaarders uye unonyorwa kubva musi wa1 Ndira gore rega rega. Kupa mutongo unomanikidzwa kune muripo wakaderera; kudzingwa kweimba nechisimba pachako kunodhura mari yakawanda. Mari dziripo dzinoburitswa nemutemo iwoyo, uye muchengeti weimba achadzitora kana akumbira. Kubviswa, kuchengetwa uye muripo wemutemo wemuridzi weimba zviri pamusoro pemari iyoyo uye hazvitaurwi nechero chinhu, saka huwandu hwese hunotenderera pahukuru hweimba nenzvimbo yainosiiwa.
Munhu anokundwa anobhadhara mari yemukundi, asi mutemo weDutch costs mupiro wakaganhurirwa, kwete muripo wakazara, uye unowanzova pasi pemari chaiyo inoshandiswa pamutemo. Kune muridzi wemba, kudzingwa kunobudirira kunowanzova kurasikirwa nemari, nekuti mutemo wacho nechikwereti zvinomanikidzwa kumuroja asina mari. Kune muridzi wemba, kurasikirwa zvinoreva chikwereti, mubereko, mari yedare neyebailiff, kubviswa nekuchengetedza pamusoro pekuwana pekugara - uye chikwereti chinopona mushure mekudzingwa.
Varimi vari munzvimbo isina dziviriro
Kuva nevana hakupi muridzi wemba kodzero yekugara, asi inyaya inotariswa pasi pemutemo uri muchikamu 6:265 BW, uye chikonzero chakasimba chekuti mutongi asimbise mativi ese kuti aite chibvumirano. Matare anowanzopa mutongo wekuti "mukana wekupedzisira": kudzingwa kwemba nekudzingwa kwemba zvinorayirwa, asi hazvishandiswe chero bedzi muridzi achizadzisa purogiramu yakabvumiranwa.
Muroja anobvumidzwa kuita chibvumirano chekugadzirisa chikwereti chepamutemo akasimba kupfuura izvozvo, nekuti chibvumirano ichi chinodzikamisa zvinogona kuitwa nevanokweretesa. Pasi pechikamu 305 cheBankruptcy Act, muridzi wemba haafanire kugumisa chibvumirano chekugara kana kudzinga imba nekuda kwechikwereti chekare chakamboitika chisati chatanga, uye kudzingwa kwemba kwatovepo pachikwereti chekare kunomiswa nemutemo. Dziviriro yacho ine zvimiro: muroja anofanira kubhadhara chikamu chega chega cherendi nenguva kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, uye chikwereti chitsva chinomutsiridza simba remuridzi wemba rekuputsa nekudzinga imba. Muroja ari kutarisana nekudzingwa anofanira kukumbira rubatsiro rwechikwereti chekanzuru nekukasika; muridzi wemba anofanira kutarisa kana chikumbiro chiri kutotanga kushanda.
Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2021, Netherlands yave ichishandisa nzira yenyika yekuyambira vanhu nekukurumidza. Varidzi vedzimba, vatengesi vemagetsi, makambani emvura nemakambani einishuwarenzi yehutano vanofanirwa kuzivisa kanzuru nezvekubhadhara kwavo, vasina mvumo yemuroja, kana kuedza kwavo kuunganidza zvinhu kwakundikana. Pasi pemutemo weWet gemeentelijke schuldhulpverlening, kanzuru inofanira kupindura chiratidzo chega chega nekupa hurukuro yekutanga; zvinyorwa 3 ne4 zveMutemo iwoyo zvinoda kuti zviitwe mukati memavhiki mana, kana mazuva matatu ekushanda kana mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari ekukurumidzira - kudzingwa kuri pedyo kuri muenzaniso wakajairika. Makambani edzimba anoona kusvika kune vanhu sechinodiwa pakutanga kwenyaya.
Nhungamiro inoshanda
Kune varidzi vemba:
- Usambofa wakatora zvinhu mumaoko ako.
- Nyora zvese: bhuku rerendi, zviyeuchidzo, tsamba yekubvunza, zvikumbiro zvechibvumirano, zvichemo zvevavakidzani zvine zuva.
- Tumira chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusabhadhara chikwereti usati waendesa kudare, uye rega mari yasara ipfuure mwero wekuregererwa pane kumhan'ara nekukurumidza wobva wakundwa kana pasina chikonzero.
- Nyora nyaya yekusabhadhara chikwereti kumasipala kana zvichidikanwa, uye ugokwanisa kuratidza kuti une chikwereti.
Kune vanoroja:
- Usaregeredza kushevedzwa; nyaya yakadzivirirwa yakasiyana zvikuru nekutadza kudare.
- Enda kudare redzimhosva kana kuti nyora dziviriro usati watanga; hazvidiwi gweta.
- Kumbira rubatsiro rwechikwereti chekanzuru nekukasika, uuye neuchapupu kudare redzimhosva, uye bhadhara chimwe chinhu nguva dzose kunyangwe usingakwanise kubhadhara zvese.
- Kana muridzi wemba akachinja makiyi kana kuti akadzima magetsi, bvunzai nezvenyaya iyi zuva rimwe chete.
- Nzwisisa kuti kukwidza nyaya yacho pachako hakuzomise kudzingwa kwemunhu.
Muridzi wemba angandidzinga here ndisina kuenda kucourt?
Kwete. Muridzi wemba anoda gwaro redare kuti agumise chikwereti chekugara pamba nekuda kwekutyora mutemo uye mvumo yekubvisa imba, uye muchengeti wemba chete ndiye anogona kubvisa imba yacho. Kuchinja makiyi, kubvisa zvinhu kana kudzima magetsi emagetsi kuzvibatsira zvisiri pamutemo. Mugari wemba anotarisana nazvo anogona kuwana gwaro rekudzorera imba mukati memazuva, kazhinji nemuripo wemari, uye anogona kukumbira muripo wekukuvara.
Mwedzi mingani yekusabhadhara rendi ndisati ndadzingwa pamba?
Hapana muganho wepamutemo, uye hapana mwedzi yakatarwa. Muedzo ndewekuti kutyorwa kwemutemo, tichifunga nezvehunhu hwawo kana kukosha kwawo kudiki, kunopa chikonzero chekubviswa kwemutemo, uye dare rinoongorora mamiriro ese ezvinhu (ECLI:NL:HR:2018:1810). Zvikwereti zvemwedzi yakati wandei zviri kuitika apo varidzi vemba vanotanga nyaya, asi masvomhu haagadzirise chinhu chega: kupindura tsamba yekudaidzira, kubvumirana nechibvumirano uye kuchitevedzera, uye kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechikwereti zvese zviri muchiyero.
Kudzingwa kunotora nguva yakareba sei kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupera?
Nyaya isina kudzivirirwa yechikwereti inowanzotora mwedzi mitatu kusvika mishanu kubva patsamba yekukumbira kusvika pakudzingwa: mavhiki akati wandei ekukumbira, mavhiki mashoma pakati pekushevedzwa nekunzwiwa kwenyaya, mamwe mashoma kusvika pakutongwa, uye nguva yekuzvidira inowanzova mazuva gumi nemana uye chiziviso chipfupi chemumiriri wedare. Nyaya yakadzivirirwa, kana iyo ine chibvumirano chakabvumiranwa, inotora nguva yakareba uye inowanzopera pasina kudzingwa.
Kukwidza nyaya kunomisa kudzingwa kwemunhu here?
Kazhinji hazviiti. Kutongwa kwekudzingwa kweimba kunowanzonzi kunogona kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi, saka muridzi wemba anogona kumanikidza nyaya yacho apo nyaya yacho ichiri kukwidzwa. Kuti amise izvozvo, muridzi wemba anofanira kukumbira dare repamusoro kuti rimise kumanikidza nyaya yacho, kana kuunza gakava remutemo pamberi pemutongi wepanguva pfupi achipikisa kutyorwa kwekodzero. Hapana kana mumwe wavo anopikisa zvakare kukosha kwayo.
Chii chinoitika kumidziyo yangu kana ndikadzingwa?
Muchengeti wemari anobvisa chero chinhu chasara, uye kanzuru inofanira kubvisa nekuchengetedza pamutengo wemunhu ari kumanikidza mutongo (chinyorwa 556 Rv). Kuchengetedza kunogara kusvika mavhiki gumi nematatu, mushure mezvo zvinhu zvinogona kutengeswa kana kuparadzwa, nechikwereti chemari yekutengesa chichiripo kwemakore matatu. Mari yacho inobhadharwa uye inowedzerwa pane chikwereti chemuroja, saka kubvisa zvinhu zvako nguva isati yasvika kunogara kwakachipa.
Kudzingwa kwevanhu kunogona kumiswa paminiti yekupedzisira here?
Ehe, kunyange zvazvo zvichiwedzera kuoma sezvo zuva rava kusvika. Kubhadhara mari yasara nemari yakawedzerwa zvizere kunowanzoita kuti zvisadaro, uye ndizvo zvichaitawo hurongwa hunogamuchirwa nemuridzi wemba uye hunorayira muridzi wemba kuti aite chimwe chinhu. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu achinja zvakanyanya kubva pamutongo, mutongo wenguva pfupi unogona kumisa kusimbiswa kwemutemo. Kana vaburitsi vangobviswa, muridzi wemba anodzikira zvakanyanya.
Law & More inopa mazano kune varidzi vemba nevagari vemo Eindhoven, Amsterdam uye muNetherlands yese nekuda kwechikwereti cherendi, kugumisa, kuparadzwa nekudzingwa, muchiDutch nechiRungu.
Law & More Mitemo yevaridzi vemba nevanoroja mumatare edzimhosva dzekudzinga vanhu pamberi pedare redunhu uye mukort geding, kubva kune tsamba yekukumbira kusvika kune bailiff. Nekuti nyaya yakadzivirirwa yakasiyana zvikuru nekutadza kutongwa, uye nekuti kukwidza nyaya yacho pachayo hakumisi kudzingwa kwevanhu, ndapota taura nesu kana chikumbiro kana chiziviso chekubuda chasvika.
