Kambani yeMabhizinesi (Ondernemingskamer): mashandiro ayo

Kambani yeMabhizinesi (Ondernemingskamer) ibazi rezvemitemo re Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro rinotonga chete gakava rehutungamiriri hwemakambani, kusawirirana kwevanemasheya, uye kuferefeta kwemakambani pasi pemutemo wekambani wekuDutch. Rinogona kuraira kuferefetwa kwehutungamiriri hwekambani, kuisa matanho ekukurumidzira akadai sekumisa vatungamiriri kana kumisa kuchinjisa migove, uye - kubva pakuchinja kweWagevoe muna Ndira 2025 - kubata zvese zvinomanikidzwa kutenga nekubuda kwemakambani asina kunyorwa muforamu imwe chete yakabatanidzwa.

Chii chinonzi Enterprise Chamber uye chii chainogona kuita?

Kambani yeMabhizinesi (Ondernemingskamer) ibazi rezvemitemo re Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro. Ndiro dare rega rega muNetherlands rakatsaurirwa chete kumakakatanwa ekutonga kwemakambani, kusawirirana kwevanemasheya, uye kuferefeta kwemakambani. Uko matare edunhu akajairwa anotonga nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvemagariro evanhu, Enterprise Chamber inonyanya kutarisisa hunyanzvi hwakadzama mumutemo wemakambani, izvo zvinoita kuti ikwanise kuita nekukurumidza uye zvine hungwaru mumakakatanwa akaomarara emakambani.

Masimba ayo anopfuura kutaura kuti ndiani akarurama. Dare reEnterprise Chamber rinogona kuraira kuferefetwa kwakazvimirira kwekuti kambani yaitungamirirwa sei, kuratidza kuti kusatungamirirwa zvakanaka (wanbeleid) kwakaitika, uye kuisa matanho ekugadzirisa anosunga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kumisa kana kudzinga vatungamiriri, kugadza vatungamiriri vakazvimiririra kana maneja wenguva pfupi, kumisa zvibvumirano zvevane masheya, uye kumisa kutamiswa kwemasheya. Kusanganiswa uku kwesimba rekuferefeta nemvumo yekupindira zvakananga mukambani kunoita kuti Dare reEnterprise rive nesimba rakasiyana mukati mehurongwa hwemutemo hweDutch.

Muchokwadi, Enterprise Chamber inowanzo sangana nematambudziko mukati memakambani ane hukama hwakasimba (BVs): kusawirirana kwe50/50 pakati pevakatanga kambani vaviri, mugoveri wevazhinji vachisiya vashoma, bhodhi risingachashandi, kana fungidziro yekuti mari yekambani kana mikana yakatsauswa. Nekuti vatongi vayo vanongonyanya kutaura nezvemutemo wekambani, Enterprise Chamber inogona kunzwisisa chokwadi chekutengeserana kwemakakatanwa aya nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa mhinduro dzayo kuti bhizinesi rirambe richifamba pane kungopa mhosva.

Ndiani anogona kuendesa nyaya dzeEnterprise Chamber kuNetherlands?

Kodzero yekutanga nyaya dzekuferefeta dzakanyorwa muChinyorwa 2:346 cheDutch Civil Code (DCC). Kune makambani mazhinji, vane migove kana vane marisiti ekuisa mari pamwe chete vanomiririra kanenge 10% yemari yemugove yakapihwa - kana kuti vane migove ine kukosha kweEUR 225,000 - vanogona kuendesa chikumbiro. Zvinyorwa zvesangano rekambani zvinogona kubvumidza kumira pazvibvumirano zvakawanda.

Kunze kwevane migove, vamwe vanogonawo kunge vaine chinzvimbo mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kusanganisira kambani pachayo (kuburikidza nebhodhi rayo), masangano evashandi mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye Gweta Guru pa Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro richishanda nekuda kwezvido zveveruzhinji. Mabasa emakanzuru anogonawo kupihwa kodzero yekuisa zvinyorwa zvesangano, uye kana kambani iri mubhuroko, mutariri ari mubhuroko ane chinzvimbowo. Kumakambani akanyorwa, chiyero chakasiyana chakashanda kubva pakuvandudzwa kweWagevoe kwa1 Ndira 2025: vanopa mari vanomiririra 1% yemari yakapihwa, kana migove ine kukosha kwemusika kweinenge EUR mamiriyoni makumi maviri, vanogona kuisa chikumbiro. Nekuti chinzvimbo uye zvibvumirano zvinoenderana nechimiro chekambani nemagwaro ayo ekutonga, zvakakosha kuti chinzvimbo chiongororwe usati waisa chikumbiro.

Kuferefeta kusati kwaitwa, munyoreri anofanira kutanga ataura zvipikiso zvake kubhodhi rekambani nebhodhi revatariri, zvichimupa mukana wakakwana wekupindura — danho rinozivikanwa se bezwaren-eis, rakaiswa muChinyorwa 2:349 DCC. Kusvetuka danho iri kunogona kutungamira kukuti chikumbiro chisatenderwe, saka zvakakosha kunyora zviri pamutemo uye nenguva yakakodzera usati waenda kudare.

Chii chinonzi maitiro ekuferefeta (enquêteprocedure) uye anoshanda sei?

Matanho ekuferefeta (maitiro enquête) ndiwo maitiro makuru eEnterprise Chamber. Anowanzoitwa muzvikamu zviviri. Muchikamu chekutanga, munyoreri anokumbira dare kuti rirayire kuferefetwa kwemutemo nemafambiro ekambani. Pasi peChinyorwa 2:350(1) DCC, Enterprise Chamber inobvuma chikumbiro ichi chete kana zvichiita sekuti pane zvikonzero zvakasimba zvekusahadzika mutemo chaiwo kana maitiro chaiwo. Kana zvikabvumidzwa, dare rinogadza mumwe kana kupfuura vanoongorora vakazvimiririra vanoongorora kambani uye vanoshuma zvavakawana.

Muchikamu chechipiri, zvichibva pamushumo wevaongorori, Enterprise Chamber inogona kusimbisa zviri pamutemo kuti kusashanda zvakanaka kwakaitika uye kuisa migumisiro pane zvakawanikwa. Migumisiro iyi inogona kusanganisira kubvisa zvibvumirano zvinokakavadzana, kudzinga kana kumisa vatungamiriri kana nhengo dzebhodhi revatariri, uye mamwe matanho ekuvaka. Chinhu chakasimba chemaitiro acho ndechekuti dare rinogona kuisa matanho ekukurumidza panguva chero ipi zvayo - kunyangwe kuferefeta kusati kwapera - apo mamiriro acho ezvinhu anoda kupindira nekukurumidza.

Mienzaniso yemamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti Enterprise Chamber ione kusashanda zvakanaka kwekambani inosanganisira kutyorwa kwemitemo yekuzivisa vagovani, kusawirirana kwezvido zvisina kutarisirwa zvakanaka, zvisarudzo zvakatorwa pasina kubvunzana kunodiwa, uye kusawirirana kunoramba kuripo kunomisa kambani. Muganho we "zvikonzero zvine musoro zvekusahadzika kutungamira kwakanaka" unowanikwa nemaune: munyoreri haafanire kuratidza kusashanda zvakanaka kwekambani - asi kuti pane mibvunzo yakakwana yekuti aratidze kutarisa kwakazvimirira kuseri kwezviitiko.

Ndezvipi matanho api anogona kutorwa neEnterprise Chamber?

Chimwe chezvikonzero nei Enterprise Chamber ichishanda zvakanaka kudai kugona kwayo kupa matanho ekukurumidzira — onmiddellijke voorzieningen pasi peChinyorwa 2:349a cheDutch Civil Code — mukati memazuva apo gakava rinotyisidzira kukuvara kwekushanda nekukurumidza. Kupindira uku kwakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa kambani uku gakava riripo richigadziriswa.

  • Kumisa kana kudzinga mumwe kana kupfuura vatungamiriri kana nhengo dzebhodhi revatariri;
  • Kugadza mumwe kana kupfuura vatungamiriri vakazvimiririra kana mutungamiriri wenguva pfupi ane simba guru rekusarudza;
  • Kumisa kana kubvisa zvisungo zvevane migove kana bhodhi;
  • Kuendesa migove kwenguva pfupi kumuchengeti akazvimirira kuti pave nekusawirirana;
  • Kumisa kuchinjisa masheya kana zvimwe kutengeserana zvingakanganisa kambani.

Matanho aya anogona kurairwa kwenguva yese yekutongwa uye kazhinji ndiwo anochinja-chinja gakava revaridzi vemasheya, nekuti anodzoreredza kugona kwekambani kushanda zvakanaka ukuwo painenge ichiongororwa.

Ndiani anobhadhara kuferefeta

Mari yekuferefeta inotakurwa nekambani pakutanga, uye Enterprise Chamber ndiyo inogadza mari yacho painogadza muferefeti. Ipfungwa yakakodzera kubvunzwa nekukurumidza, nekuti kukambani diki kuferefeta pachako kunogona kuva mhedzisiro yakanyanya yenyaya yacho, zvisinei nemhedzisiro yacho.

Hazvirevi hazvo kuti zvinogumira ipapo. Kana chikumbiro chikaonekwa kuti chakaitwa pasina zvikonzero zvine musoro, kambani inogona kudzosa mari kubva kumunyoreri. Uye kana paine kusashanda zvakanaka, kambani inogona kudzosa mari kubva kune avo vane mhosva, izvo zvinoreva vatungamiriri kana vatungamiriri vekutarisira. Saka nyaya yemitengo inoenda kumativi ese uye chikamu chekuongorora njodzi kumativi ese chikumbiro chisati chaiswa.

Zvinogona kurairwa neCommergency Chamber

Kana chikamu chechipiri chikapera nekuwanikwa kwekusashanda zvakanaka pasi peChinyorwa 2:355 DCC, Enterprise Chamber inogona kutora matanho akasimba. Rondedzero iri muChinyorwa 2:356 DCC yakavharwa, izvo zvinokosha: dare harigone kugadzira mhinduro kunze kwayo, zvisinei nekuti ingaenderana sei nekusawirirana. Kune matanhatu.

  • Kumiswa kana kubviswa kwechisarudzo chebhodhi, bhodhi revatariri, musangano mukuru kana rimwe sangano.
  • Kumiswa basa kana kudzingwa basa kwemutungamiriri mumwe kana kupfuura kana vatungamiriri vekutarisira.
  • Kugadzwa kwenguva pfupi kwemutungamiriri mumwe chete kana kupfuura kana vatungamiriri vekutarisira.
  • Kusaremekedzwa kwenguva pfupi kubva pane zviri mumitemo yesangano yakatarwa nedare.
  • Kutamiswa kwechinguvana kwemasheya nenzira yekutonga, izvo zvinoparadzanisa kodzero dzekuvhota kubva kune ane masheya pasina kutora masheya acho.
  • Kuparadzwa kwesangano repamutemo.

Zvinhu zviviri zvinotevera kubva pakuvharwa kwerondedzero. Dare reEnterprise Chamber harigone kuraira mumwe wevane migove kuti atenge mumwe kana kugadzirisa mutengo wemasheya muzviitiko zvekuferefeta; izvo ndezvemitemo yemutemo yekukakavadzana, iyo kubva 1 Ndira 2025 inonzwikwa nedare rimwe chete nenzira yakasiyana. Uye kuwanikwa kwekusashanda zvakanaka hakusi iko pachako kuwanikwa kwemhosva yemunhu, kunyangwe iri nguva dzose nzvimbo yekutanga kwekukumbira mhosva kuvatungamiriri vane chekuita nazvo.

Kupikisa chisarudzo cheEnterprise Chamber

Hapana nyaya yekukwidza nyaya yacho. Mushonga chete unopikisa chisarudzo cheEnterprise Chamber ndechekuendesa nyaya kuDare Repamusorosoro, kuti iunzwe mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pasarudzo. Kutumira nyaya kunongogumira pamibvunzo yemutemo uye kana chisarudzo chacho chakanyatsokodzera; Dare Repamusorosoro harizoongororazve chokwadi chacho.

Mugumisiro unoshanda unobata mapato: kuuraya hakuna mhedzisiro inomisa. Mutungamiriri akamiswa basa anoramba akamiswa basa, uye migove inotamiswa nenzira yekutonga inoramba ichitamiswa, ukuwo kuuraya kuchiri kuitwa. Saka kuendesa kuuraya hakusi nzira yekugadzirisa kukuvara kwacho pakarepo. Zvinoramba zvichikosha kana kuwanikwa kwekusashanda zvakanaka kungangoshandiswa kuvatungamiriri kana vatungamiriri vekutarisira muchikumbiro chemhosva chinotevera, nekuti ndipo panogara kukosha kwekuchinja.

Kuchinja kwakaita shanduko dzeWagevoe 2025 kwakachinja sei mafambiro ezvinhu

Kugadziriswa kweWagevoe, kwakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2025, kwakavandudza mitemo pamusoro pemakakatanwa evanemasheya mumakambani asina kunyorwa. Shanduko yakakosha ndeyekubatanidza: kusungirwa kutenga (uitstoting, Article 2:336a DCC) uye kubuda (uittreding, Article 2:343 DCC) nyaya pakati pevanemasheya vari kukakavadzana dzava kuitirwa muEnterprise Chamber muforamu imwe chete, yakarongeka, pane kupararira mumatare akasiyana-siyana nemaitiro.

Mukuita izvi zvinoreva nguva pfupi, mitengo yakaderera, uye mhedzisiro inofungidzirwa kune vane migove vanofanira kupatsanurana. Kubatanidza nzira dzekutenga nekubuda nemasimba aripo eEnterprise Chamber ekuferefeta uye epakati zvinopa vagovani veDutch BV nzira yakanyatsojeka kubva pakusawirirana kuenda kukugadzirisa kupfuura yaivepo isati yagadziriswa.

Pamberi pekuvandudzwa kwenyaya iyi, nyaya dzekuti munhu atenge uye abude mubhizinesi dzaibatwa nematare edzimhosva uye dzaigona kuitwa panguva imwe chete nedzekuferefeta kuEnterprise Chamber, zvichikonzera kuwirirana, kunonoka uye njodzi yekusarudza zvinhu zvakasiyana. Nekubatanidza nzira idzi kuEnterprise Chamber, mutemo weWagevoe unobvumira forum imwe chete yenyanzvi kugadzirisa zvese kukundikana kwehutongi uye mubvunzo wekuti ndiani anofanira kusiya kambani, nekukosheswa kwemasheya sechikamu chemaitiro akafanana. Zvese zviri zviviri zvino zvava nyaya dzekukumbira dzakanzwikwa mune imwe nyaya yechokwadi, uye kutumirwa kuDare Repamusorosoro chete kwavhurwa mushure mezvo. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pemakakatanwa evagovani muDutch BV inoratidza kuti nzira iyoyo inoenzaniswa sei nedzechibvumirano nedzakatauriranwa.

Mari yemaitiro acho inodhura sei uye inotora marii?

Mari uye nguva yacho zvinoenderana nekuoma kwenyaya yacho, huwandu hwevanhu vari kupokana, uye kana kuferefeta kwacho kwarayirwa. Matanho echinguvana anogona kupihwa mukati memazuva kana mavhiki echikumbiro, izvo zvinokurumidza zvikuru kuti nyaya iendeswe kudare. Kuferefeta kwakazara - kusanganisira kugadzwa kwevaferefeti, mushumo wavo, uye mutongo wechikamu chechipiri - kunogona kutora kubva pamwedzi yakati wandei kusvika pagore panyaya dzakaoma.

Panyaya dzemari dzinoshandiswa, mapato anofanira kuronga mari yedare, mari dzevaferefeti vakagadzwa nedare (idzo kambani kana bato rinogona kurairwa kuti ritakure), uye vamiriri vavo vepamutemo. Nekuti Enterprise Chamber inogona kugadzirisa kusawirirana zvakasimba uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwenguva refu kwekushanda, maitiro acho anowanzo shanda zvakanaka kupfuura makore ematare akafanana. Kufungidzira kwemari kwakagadzirirwa kunoda kuongororwa kwegakava racho.

Zvichienzaniswa nematare edzimhosva edunhu, nyaya dzeEnterprise Chamber dzinowanzo kurumidza kuburitsa mhedzisiro inoshanda, nekuti matanho epakati anogona kudzikamisa kambani nguva refu isati yasvika mutongo wekupedzisira. Zvichienzaniswa nekutonga, Enterprise Chamber inopa chimwe chinhu chisingagoni kuitwa nekutonga: simba rekupindira zvakananga mukutonga kwekambani - kumisa vatungamiriri kana kugadza maneja - ndosaka kutonga nekusawirirana kwemiganhu kuchiwanzo kukodzera Enterprise Chamber pane dare repachivande.

Ndingatanga sei nyaya dzeEnterprise Chamber ne Law & More?

Law & MoreMagweta ebhizinesi ane ruzivo rwakananga nematanho eEnterprise Chamber mu Amsterdam, vachimiririra vese vane migove vachiunza zvichemo uye makambani nevatungamiriri vachivadzivirira. Tinotanga nekuongorora kana gakava renyu richikodzera nzira iyi yekuwedzera, kusimba kwechinzvimbo chenyu, uye zvinodiwa zvinoshanda kukambani yenyu.

Kubva ipapo tinoronga nzira inoshanda zvikuru — ingava chikumbiro chekubvunza, chikumbiro chekusiya nyaya kana chekubuda, kana chikumbiro chekukurumidzira chematanho echinguvana — uye tinobata nyaya yacho kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo. Kuti mukurukure mamiriro enyu ezvinhu, batai Law & More kuti pave neongororo yakavanzika.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Chii chinonzi Enterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer)?

Kambani yeMabhizinesi ibazi rezvemitemo re Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro rinotonga chete gakava rehutungamiriri hwemakambani, kusawirirana kwevanemasheya, uye kuferefetwa kwemakambani pasi peDutch mutemo wemakambani.

Ndiani anogona kuendesa nyaya yacho kuEnterprise Chamber?

Vagovani vemasheya kana vane marisiti emari vanomiririra kanenge 10% yemari yemasheya yakapihwa (kana masheya ane kukosha kweEUR 225,000) vanogona kuendesa nyaya dzekubvunza, pamwe chete nemamwe mapato akadai sekambani, masangano evashandi, uye Gweta Guru mumamiriro ezvinhu akatsanangurwa.

Dare reMabhizinesi rinogona kuita chiito nekukurumidza zvakadii?

Dare reMabhizinesi rinogona kupa matanho echinguvana mukati memazuva apo panenge paine kukurumidza kushanda, zvichiita kuti ive nzira yekupindira inokurumidza mumutemo wekambani weDutch pakugadzirisa gakava rinokodzera.

Dare reMabhizinesi kana dare repamutemo?

Matare edunhu anowanzo tonga nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvemagariro evanhu uye anotonga kuti ndiani akakodzera pamutemo. Dare reEnterprise Chamber rinongonyanya kutaura nezvemutemo wekambani uye rinogona kuenderera mberi: rinogona kuraira kuti kuferefetwe kuti kambani yaitungamirirwa sei uye kuisa matanho ekuvaka akadai sekumisa vatungamiriri basa kana kugadza maneja.

Ko Enterprise Chamber inogona kumanikidza mugovani wemasheya kutengesa masheya ake here?

Ehe. Kuburikidza nekutenga (uitstoting) uye kubuda (uittreding) nyaya — dzakabatanidzwa muEnterprise Chamber kubva pakuvandudzwa kweWagevoe muna Ndira 2025 — dare rinogona kuraira mugovani kuti atamise migove yake kana kuti vamwe vagovani kuti vatenge, nekukosheswa kwemigove kuchisarudzwa sechikamu chenyaya yacho.

Peji rino chikamu che Law & More's guide to kugadzirisa gakava rebhizinesi mumutemo wekambani weDutchOnawo yedu gwara rinoshanda rekugadzirisa gakava revanamasheya uye pfupiso ye sarudzo dzako dzepamutemo kana kusawirirana pakati pevane migove kuchimuka.