Energy Gweta
muNetherlands

Kubatanidzwa kwegrid yako kwarambwa nekuti network yakazara. Mutengesi anoda kugumisa chibvumirano chemagetsi nekukurumidza, kana kuti unoda kugadzira grid yakavanzika panzvimbo yemaindasitiri nemazvo. Isu tinoshanda segweta remagetsi muNetherlands kumakambani, vashandisi vemaindasitiri, makambani emagetsi, vagadziri vemagetsi nenharaunda dzemagetsi, paMutemo weEnergy, kubatanidza grid, zvibvumirano zvemagetsi uye mapurojekiti esimba rinogona kudzokororwa.

Mutengo wevatengi Law & More 9.6 kubva pa10 pa Klantenvertelle, puratifomu yekuongorora yeDutch (ongororo makumi masere nerimwe, kubva muna Gumiguru 2026).

Mutemo wesimba muNetherlands uri kuchinja nekukurumidza. Mitemo mitsva, kushomeka kwesimba remagetsi uye shanduko yesimba zvinokanganisa anenge munhu wese anoshandisa magetsi negasi rechisikigo mumabhizinesi nemaindasitiri. Gweta resimba reDutch rinokubatsira kushandura mitemo iyoyo kuita zvibvumirano nemapurojekiti anoshanda.

Ndirini paunoda gweta rezvemagetsi muNetherlands?

Gweta rezvemagetsi rinopa mazano pamusoro pekugoverwa, kutakurwa, kugadzirwa uye kuchengetwa kwesimba, uye pamusoro pemakakatanwa pamusoro pazvo. Izvi zvinotangira pazvibvumirano nemapemiti kusvika kumatare edzimhosva pamberi peNetherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) nematare edzimhosva.

Pamwe uchaziva chimwe kana kupfuura chezviitiko izvi:

• sekambani yemagetsi, munopa magetsi, gasi, utsi hwemvura kana mvura kune mamwe makambani ari panzvimbo yemaindasitiri uye munoda kuziva kuti ndeipi mitemo inoshanda;
• Unoshandisa grid yakavanzika panzvimbo yebhizinesi uye hauna chokwadi kana iri system yekugovera yakavharwa inoda kuzivikanwa kweACM;
• unoda kutamisa grid, kana chikamu chayo, kune operator yesystem senge TenneT kana operator yeregional grid;
• mushandi wegrid haapi mukana wekutakura, kana kuti chibvumirano chinochinjika chete;
• muri kutaurirana nezvechibvumirano chekupa, chibvumirano chekubatanidza nekutakura kana chibvumirano chekutenga magetsi (PPA);
• mumwe wako anogumisa chibvumirano chemagetsi nekukurumidza uye unoda kuziva kuti ndeipi muripo waunogona kukumbira kana kuti waunofanira kubhadhara;
• uri kugadzira nzvimbo yezuva, purojekiti yemhepo kana nzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba remabhatiri uye mvumo yekutarisana nemagetsi, rubatsiro uye grid connection.

Ndeapi mabasa ane chekuita neizvi atingakubatsira nawo?

Kune mibvunzo chaiyo iri munharaunda iyi yemutemo, mapeji aya anotsanangura zvakadzama.

• Emissions kutengeserana
• Mutemo wekusika
• EU mutemo

Ndezvipi zvakachinja pasi peMutemo weSimba?

Mutemo weSimba (Energiewet) wave kushanda kubvira 1 Ndira 2026 uye unotsiva Mutemo weMagetsi wa1998 neMutemo weGas. Mitemo yemagetsi negasi rechisikigo ikozvino iri mumutemo mumwe chete, ine nhamba itsva uye pfungwa itsva zvishoma.

Kumakambani, kodzero dzevatengi nemabasa evashandisi vegrid zvinonyanya kukosha. Mutemo uyu ikozvino unotaura nezvevashandisi vesystem (systemembeheerders) pachinzvimbo chevashandisi vegrid. Vatengi vanogona kugadzira, kuchengeta nekutengesa simba ivo pachavo uye kupa mukana wavo kumusika. Nharaunda dzesimba, umo nhengo dzinogadzira pamwe chete uye dzinogovana simba, dzine hwaro hwepamutemo kekutanga.

Pakuita zvibvumirano nezviitiko, mutemo wekare ungangoshanda pasi pemitemo yekuchinja yeMutemo weEnergy. Mareferensi ari muzvibvumirano zviripo kuzvinyorwa zveMutemo weElectricity Act wa1998 kazhinji haachanyatsokodzera. Gweta remagetsi muNetherlands rinogona kuongorora zvibvumirano zvekupa, kubatanidza uye grid kubva gore ra2026 risati rasvika kuti rione kana zvichitevedzwa nemutemo weDutch sezvauri izvozvi.

Grid yako inenge iri system yekugovera yakavharwa riini?

Sisitimu yekugovera yakavharwa igrid inogovera simba munzvimbo yeindasitiri kana yekutengeserana yakaganhurirwa kune boka diki revatengi. Inoda kuzivikanwa neACM, uye zvinoreruka zvinoshanda pane kune grid yeruzhinji.

Panzvimbo zhinji dzemaindasitiri, rimwe bato, kazhinji kambani yemagetsi, rinopa simba kune mamwe makambani ari panzvimbo iyi. Mutemo unobva wasiyanisa pakati pesystem yekugovera yakavharwa, mutsetse wakananga uye kuiswa kusina hunhu hwenetwork. Zita rinoshandiswa nemapoka acho harisi iro rinoita kuti pave nechokwadi. Chinokosha ndechekuti: ndiani muridzi wezvivakwa, ndiani akabatana uye kuti nzvimbo yacho yakagadzirwa sei nehunyanzvi.

Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvinobva muEU Electricity Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/944):

• grid iri panzvimbo ine maindasitiri kana mabhizinesi akaganhurirwa, kana nzvimbo ine mabasa akagovaniswa;
• musimboti, hapana vatengi vemumba vakabatana;
• mashandiro evashandisi vakabatana anobatanidzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi kana zvekuchengetedza, kana kuti grid inonyanya kupa muridzi kana mushandi pamwe nemakambani ane hukama.

Pasi peMutemo weMagetsi wa1998, mushandi akapihwa mvumo yekusabvumidzwa kubva kuACM. Pasi peMutemo weMagetsi, unonyorera kuti uzivikanwe. Mitemo iripo inofanira kuyedzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvitsva. Semushandi wesystem yakavharwa, unofanira kuramba uchibata zvikumbiro zvekubatanidza nokungwarira uye kushandisa mamiriro ekunze, akajeka uye mitengo.

Chii chinobatanidzwa mukutumira grid kune operator yesystem?

Gridhi reindasitiri rinogona kutamisirwa kune anoshanda masisitimu, semuenzaniso gridhi rine simba guru kuenda kuTenneT. Muridzi, kodzero dzepfuma uye zvibvumirano nevashandisi vakabatana zvinofanirwa kurongwa nemazvo.

Pasi peChikamu 5:20(2) cheDutch Civil Code, tambo nemapaipi ndezvemushandi wegrid kana muridzi wenetwork, kwete zvemuridzi wenzvimbo. Kodzero ye superficies (opstalrecht, Chinyorwa 5:101 cheDutch Civil Code) inowanzo chengetedza kodzero yekuchengetedza tambo munyika yemumwe munhu. Kuongororwa kwezvivakwa nenzvimbo yevashandisi varipo kunodawo kutariswa.

Chii chamungaita kana paine grid yakazara kana kuti connection yaramba?

Mushandi wegrid anofanira kukubatanidzai, asi anogona kuganhurira kana kuramba kutakurwa kana paine mukana wekutakura usina simba rakawanda. Kana musingabvumirani, munogona kuendesa gakava kuACM uye, kana paine nyaya dzinokurumidza, kuenda kudare.

Kuzara kwemagetsi munzvimbo zvinoreva kuti grid yemagetsi munzvimbo yasvika pamuganhu wayo. Mushandi wegrid anofanira kutanga aongorora kana kugadzirisa kuzara kwemagetsi kuchikwanisika. Pasi pekugadzirisa kuzara kwemagetsi, mushandi anobhadhara vashandisi varipo kuti vaderedze kushandiswa kwemagetsi kana kudyidzana nevanhu panguva dzinodiwa. Kubva muna 2024, ACM inoshandisa hurongwa hwekutanga. Mapurojekiti anoderedza kuzara kwemagetsi nemamwe mabasa emagariro evanhu, akadai sekuchengetedzeka, hutano nedzidzo, anotanga awana mukana wekuva pamberi.

Vashandi vegrid vari kuramba vachipa zvibvumirano zvekutakura zvinochinjika (zvisiri zvekambani). Hauwani chokwadi nezvehuwandu hwemagetsi, semuenzaniso panguva dzakati chete, kana uchitsinhana nemutengo wakaderera. Tarisa mamiriro ezvinhu ayo mushandi anogona kukuganhurira uye zvinorevei pakuronga kwako kugadzira. Muzvibvumirano zvekutenga, kuvaka kana kurenda, sanganisira mamiriro ezvinhu ane chekuita nehuwandu hwemagetsi huripo.

Zvibvumirano zvesimba nePPA zvinofanirwa kufukidza chii?

Zvibvumirano zvesimba zvinotenderera pakukwanisa kushanda, mutengo, nguva yakatarwa, mutoro uye mhedzisiro yekumira kushanda nekukurumidza. Mari yekumira kushanda nekukurumidza inofanira kuverengerwa zvakajeka uye inoenderana nekurasikirwa chaiko kana mari yaiswa.

PPA chibvumirano chenguva refu chaunotenga magetsi zvakananga kubva kumhepo kana solar park, kunze kwemusika wekutengesa magetsi. Mugadziri anowana chokwadi chemari uye iwe unowana chokwadi chemutengo. Unoratidza green origin nevimbiso yekwakabva magetsi, ayo muNetherlands anopihwa neVertiCer.

Ndeipi muripo unoshanda kana munhu apedza basa nguva isati yakwana?

Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvenguva refu zvine muripo wekugumisa basa nekukurumidza. Zvinowanzo vhara mari iyo mutengesi asati awana, senge kubatanidza kana kuisa panzvimbo yacho.

Kana muripo wacho uri chirango, dare rinogona kuuderedza pasi peChikamu 6:94 cheDutch Civil Code apo kuushandisa kwaizove kusingagamuchirwi. Kunzwisisa uye kururamisira (Chikamu 6:248) uye mamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi (Chikamu 6:258) zvinogonawo kuita basa. Chikumbiro chekushanda zvakanaka chinodzorwa nenguva mushure memakore mashanu (Chikamu 3:307). Ita kuti kuverenga kuongororwe usati wabhadhara kana kuunza chikumbiro.

Ndeipi mitemo inoshanda pakuchengetwa kwezuva, mhepo uye simba?

Chirongwa chesimba rinogona kushandiswazve chinowanzoda mvumo yezvakatipoteredza, kubatanidza grid uye kazhinji rubatsiro. Kubva 1 Ndira 2024, Mutemo weEnvironment and Planning Act (Omgevingswet) ndiwo unotonga mvumo yemapurojekiti aya.

Kuongororwa kwemvumo kunosanganisira kuronga nzvimbo, ruzha, hunhu uye kuchengetedzeka, saka mutemo wezvakatipoteredza unogara uri chikamu chechirongwa. Kanzuru inowanzova simba rine hunyanzvi; kumapurojekiti makuru, dunhu kana hurumende yeDutch. Pasi pemaitiro akajairika, simba rinosarudza musimboti mukati memavhiki masere, nekuwedzerwa kamwe chete kwemavhiki matanhatu. Vagari vemunharaunda nevamwe vanofarira vanogona kuramba kana kukwidza nyaya mukati memavhiki matanhatu (Chinyorwa 6:7 cheMutemo weGeneral Administrative Law Act). Izvi zvinosarudza kuti unogona kuvaka riini uine chokwadi.

Kuchengetedza simba remabhatiri kunokonzera matambudziko aro: kana mvumo ichidiwa, kuchengetedzeka pamoto, kubatana kwegrid uye basa rako pamusika wesimba. Mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza simba anokwezva mari yakawanda, saka zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kunge zviri mubhizinesi kubva pakutanga.

Rubatsiro rweSDE++ runoshanda sei?

Chirongwa cheSDE++ chinotsiva musiyano uripo pakati pemutengo wesimba rinogara kwenguva refu nemutengo wemusika. Unonyorera kuNetherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) panguva yekutanga kwesarudzo. Sarudzo yerubatsiro ine zvinodiwa, zvakaita senguva yekupedzisira yekuzadzisa. Kutadza kuita izvi kunogona kuderedza kana kudzosa rubatsiro. Unogona kuramba kurambwa kana chisarudzo chekupedzisira mukati memavhiki matanhatu.

Kupera kwekuongorora mambure kunorevei?

Chirongwa chekuyera magetsi (salderingsregeling) chinopera musi wa1 Ndira 2027. Vashandisi vadiki vane ma solar panels havachakwanisi kudzima magetsi anodzoserwa mu grid vachipesana nemagetsi anoshandiswa. Mutengesi wavo anobhadhara muripo we feed-in uye anogona kubhadharisa mari inonzwisisika uye yakajeka ye feed-in. Pamakondirakiti ebhizinesi, chibvumirano ndicho chinonyanya kusarudza kuti chii chinoshanda.

Zvakadini nemagetsi ekupisa uye hydrogen?

Manetwork ekupisa anotongwa neHeat Act (Warmtewet), iyo inodzivirira vashandisi vadiki. ACM inotara mutengo wepamusoro wekupisa gore rega rega. Mutemo mutsva weCollective Heat Act (Wet collectiveieve warmte) wakagadzirirwa kutsiva hurongwa huripo, nebasa guru remapato eruzhinji.

Kune hydrogen, hurongwa hwemutemo hweEU hwema network ehydrogen nemisika huri kuitwa. MuNetherlands, network yenyika yekutakura hydrogen iri kugadzirwa nekambani iri pasi peGasunie. Kana ukadyara mari mukugadzira kana kushandisa hydrogen, zvibvumirano pamusoro pehuwandu hwehydrogen, kubviswa kwayo uye marezenisi zvinofanirwa kutariswa nemutemo nekukurumidza.

Munogadzirisa sei gakava remagetsi pamberi peACM kana kumatare edzimhosva?

Gakava nekambani inoshanda nemagetsi pamusoro pekubatanidza, kutakurwa kana mitengo rinogona kuendeswa kuACM, iyo inotora sarudzo inosunga. Gakava pamusoro pechibvumirano chekupa simba kana chimwe chipengo chemagetsi pakati pemakambani rinosarudzwa nematare edzimhosva, kunze kwekunge mabvumirana pakugadzwa kwematare.

ACM ndiyo ine simba guru rekutonga musika wemagetsi uye inotarisira vashandi vegrid. Inoisa mitero nemamiriro ezvinhu kune vanoshanda negrid, inogona kuisa faindi uye kugadzirisa gakava pakati pevashandi vegrid nevashandisi vakabatana. Kana paine chisarudzo cheACM, kukwidza nyaya kunofanira kuitwa neTrade and Industry Appeals Tribunal (College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven, CBb). Nguva iyoyo mavhiki matanhatu (Chinyorwa 6:7 cheGeneral Administrative Law Act). Muzviitiko zvekukurumidzira, zvakaita sekunge pakangoerekana padzimwa magetsi, unogona kutanga kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza.

Inoshanda sei ne Law & More basa?

Segweta renyu rezvemagetsi muNetherlands, tinoshanda muzvikamu zvina. Pachikamu chimwe nechimwe tinobvumirana pachine nguva kuti tichaitei uye kuti zvichadhura zvakadii.

1. Kugamuchirwa. Mumusangano wekutanga wemahara tinokurukura nezvemamiriro enyu ezvinhu, chinangwa chenyu uye nguva yekupedzisira iri kuenderera mberi. Tinokumbira magwaro akakodzera, akadai semakondirakiti, kutaurirana nemuridzi wegrid uye zvisarudzo zveACM.
2. Mazano. Tinoongorora chinzvimbo chako pasi peMutemo weMagetsi, chibvumirano nemitemo yeACM. Unowana mazano akajeka pamusoro penjodzi, mikana uye nzira dzekuita, muchiChirungu kana muchiDutch.
3. Kukurukurirana. Tinokurukurirana nemi nemushandi wegrid, mutengesi, mutengi kana rimwe bato. Nyaya dzakawanda dzinogadziriswa netsamba ine chikonzero chakanaka kana zvibvumirano zvakagadziriswa.
4. Nyaya Dzinotongwa. Kana izvozvo zvikakundikana, tinoisa gakava neACM, totanga nyaya yekupikisa kana kukwidza nyaya kudare redzimhosva, kana kumhan'ara kumatare edzimhosva kana mukutonga nyaya.

Gweta remagetsi muNetherlands rinodhura marii?

Mutengo weawa wegweta paawa Law & More iri pakati pe250 ne350 euros kunze kweVAT. Kune mumwe wako, iri pakati pe300 ne400 euros kunze kweVAT. Tinogara tichikurukura nezvemutengo uye fungidziro yemitengo pachine nguva.

Musangano wekutanga haubhadharwi. Musangano wekupa mazano kamwe chete pasina rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa unodhura maeuro mazana matatu kusanganisira VAT. Kambani yedu yemagweta iri pa Marconilaan 13 in Eindhoven, ine nzvimbo yekushanya mu Amsterdam uye inopa rubatsiro rwepamutemo kumakambani emagetsi nevashandisi muNetherlands yese.

Ndiani anobata nyaya yako?

Nyaya yenyu inotongwa naTom Meevis. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo yavo papeji redu rechikwata.

Ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinokubatsira zvakanyanya?

• Mutemo weSimba wakatsanangurwa
• Kutarisira kuzara kwegrid: kodzero uye nzira dzepamutemo dzekugadzirisa
• Chibvumirano chekutenga simba
• rubatsiro rweSDE++
• Simba rekuchengetedza
• Chirongwa chekuyera mambure
• Kutamiswa kwetambo nemapaipi pasi pemutemo weDutch
• Mutemo weHeat Act unokudzivirira sei pamagetsi ekupisa

Ruzivo kubva kumutungamiriri runowanikwa pamapeji esimba eACM.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Mutemo weSimba wakatanga kushanda riini?

Mutemo weSimba wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2026. Unotsiva Mutemo weMagetsi wa1998 neMutemo weGas. Pakuita zvibvumirano nezviitiko, mutemo wekare ungangoshanda pasi pemitemo yekuchinja.

Grid yangu pabhizinesi inoda sarudzo yeACM here?

Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti grid yako inokodzera sei. Sisitimu yekugovera yakavharwa panzvimbo yeindasitiri kana yekutengeserana yakavharirwa inoda kucherechedzwa neACM pasi peMutemo weEnergy. Mutsetse wakananga kana kuiswa kusina hunhu hwenetwork kunowira pasi pemitemo yakasiyana.

Mushandi wegrid anogona kuramba kubatana kwangu nekuda kwekuzara kwegrid here?

Mushandi wegrid anofanira kukubatanidza, asi anogona kuganhurira kana kuramba kutakurwa kana paine mukana wekutakura zvinhu zvishoma. Anofanira kutanga aongorora kana zvichikwanisika kugadzirisa kuzara kwemagetsi. Kana usingabvumirani nekuramba kwacho, unogona kuendesa gakava kuACM.

Dare rinogona kuderedza muripo wekugumisa basa nekukurumidza muchibvumirano chemagetsi here?

Kana muripo wacho uri chirango, dare rinogona kuuderedza pasi peChikamu 6:94 cheDutch Civil Code apo kuushandisa kwaizove kusingagamuchirwi. Kana ukabhadhara mari isina kudzoserwa, dare rinonyanya kuongorora kuverenga kwacho uye kunzwisisa kwacho. Ita kuti kuverenga kwacho kuongororwe pachine nguva.

Kuyera kwemagetsi kunopera rini?

Chirongwa chekuyera midziyo yemagetsi chinopera musi wa1 Ndira 2027. Vashandisi vadiki vanobva vawana muripo wekuisa zvinhu kubva kumutengesi wavo, izvo zvinogona kubhadharisa mari yekuisa zvinhu pachena uye ine musoro. Kune vashandisi vemabhizinesi, chibvumirano ndicho chinonyanya kusarudza kuti chii chinoshanda.

Ndirini pandinofanira kuva gweta rezvemagetsi muNetherlands pane kuva gweta guru?

Unoda gweta remagetsi kana nyaya yako ichisanganisira Energy Act, ACM rules kana grid operator. Izvi zvinoshanda kune grid connections, closed distribution systems, PPAs uye gakava riri pamberi peACM kana CBb. Nzvimbo idzi dzinosanganisa mutemo, contract law uye administrative law.

Une kusava nechokwadi nezvechinzvimbo chako? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa mukati mezuva rimwe chete rebasa kuti ndeapi masarudzo ako. Taura nesu, fonera +31 40 369 06 80 kana email info@lawandmore.nl.

Peji rino rinopa ruzivo rwakawanda uye haritsivi mazano pamusoro pemamiriro ako chaiwo.