Kugumisa kubatana kwakanyoreswa muNetherlands

Kubatana kwakanyoreswa kweDutch ( geregistreerd partnerschap ) kuri pedyo nekuroorana muzvinhu zvese zvepamutemo, asi zvinopera zvakasiyana. Pasina vana vadiki, kunogona kugumiswa pasina kumboona mutongi; navo, nzira yedare inosungirwa. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura nzira dzese, pfuma, penjeni uye mari yekuchengetedza, pamwe nematambudziko epasi rose anowanzo sangana nemakambani epasi rose muNetherlands.

Chii chinonzi kubatana kwakanyoreswa

Chibvumirano chakanyoreswa chakatangwa musi wa1 Ndira 1998. Chinonyoreswa pamberi pemunyori wezvemamiriro ehurumende ( ambtenaar van de burgerlijke stand ), uyo anonyora gwaro remutemo. Munhu anogona kuva mumubatanidzwa mumwe chete wakanyoreswa panguva imwe chete, uye haagoni kuroorwa nekunyoreswa panguva imwe chete (art. 1:80a BW).

Mhedzisiro yepamutemo inonyanya kuitika muwanano. Art. 1:80b BW inozivisa mazita eBhuku 1 reMutemo weVanhu pamusoro pekodzero nemabasa evakaroorana, pamusangano wepamutemo wepfuma uye pamamiriro emuchato kuti ashande zvakafanana — kunze kwechimwe chete: hapana kuparadzaniswa kubva pamubhedha nekudya ( scheiding van tafel en bed ) kune vakaroorana vakanyoreswa.

Kuva mubereki kunotevera maitiro akafanana. Pasi pechikamu 1:199 BW murume ari muhukama hwakanyoreswa nemukadzi waakazvarirwa mwana ndiye baba vepamutemo nemutemo, sezvaizoita murume, uye vakaroorana vakanyoreswa vanowana simba rekuva mubereki pamwe chete pavana vakazvarwa panguva yehukama.

Kusiyana kwazvinoita nekuroorana uye chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete

Musiyano uripo pakati pewanano nekunyoreswa kwemuchato mudiki kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevanhu. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvose izvi nechibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete ( samenlevingscontract ) — chibvumirano chisingaunze chinzvimbo — wakakura zvikuru.

Nzira isina dare: hapana vana vadiki

Ichi ndicho chinhu chinosiyanisa kubatana kwakanyoreswa. Pasi pechikamu 1:80c BW kubatana kunopera, pakati pezvimwe nzira, nekubvumirana, kuburikidza nekunyoreswa nemunyori wekuzivisa kwakanyorwa musi kwakasainwa nevaviri pamwe chete negweta rimwe kana kupfuura ( mumiriri ) kana vanyori vemutemo wehurumende ( notarissen ). Chiziviso ichi chinotaura kuti, uye rini, vadyidzani vakasaina chibvumirano chekugumisa kubatana.

Zvinhu zviviri zvinowanzo nzwisiswa zvisizvo. Vaviri ava havagone kuita izvi vega: kubatanidzwa kwegweta rimwe chete kana gweta remutemo wehurumende chinhu chinodiwa nemutemo. Uye kuzivisa hakusi chibvumirano - chibvumirano igwaro guru, kuzivisa chigwaro chipfupi chinoenda kumunyori.

Zvinofanira kunge zviri muchibvumirano chekugumisa

Art. 1:80d BW inoda kuti chibvumirano chive nemashoko evaviri vari vaviri ekuti kubatana kwavo kwakanyoreswa kwakaputsa zvachose ( duurzaam ontwricht ) uye kuti vanoda kugumisa. Pasina izvozvo, hapana chibvumirano chakakodzera.

Chinyorwa chimwe chete ichi chinonyora zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kutaurwa nechibvumirano — kwete pachena kuti hazvishande, saka chibvumirano chinozvisiya chichiri kushanda:

• kugadziriswa kwemubatsiri;
• uyo anoramba achishandisa zvinhu zvepamba nezvemumba;
• kupatsanurwa kwenharaunda yepfuma, kana kugadziriswa kwemamiriro ekubatana;
• kuenzana kwemari yepensheni.

Kusiya izvi hazviwanzo kuchenjera: kodzero yemudyandigere isina kugadziriswa kana imba isina kupatsanurwa pamwe chete ichadzoka, uye panguva iyoyo simba rekugadzirisa nyaya yacho rinopera.

Muganho wenguva yemwedzi mitatu

Art. 1:80d BW inopa nguva yakatarwa: chiziviso chinofanira kusvika kumunyori mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pazuva rakaitwa chibvumirano. Nguva yacho inobva pachibvumirano, kwete pakusainwa kwechiziviso.

Kana mwedzi mitatu ikapera, chiziviso hachichakwanisi kunyoreswa pachibvumirano ichocho uye kubatana kunoramba kuripo. Mushonga wacho chibvumirano chitsva, chiziviso chitsva uye nguva itsva yemwedzi mitatu - izvo zvinoda kuti vaviri ava vashande pamwe kechipiri. Kana mumwe akachinja chinzvimbo, nzira chete yasara ndeyekuputswa nedare. Bvumiranai pakutanga kuti ndiani anotumira chikumbiro: mubatsiri, gweta, kana gweta.

Kunyoresa kunoitwa nemunyori wedunhu kwakaitwa chibvumirano; art. 1:80c BW inosimbisa kuti munyori anogara aine hunyanzvi kwaive kuNetherlands. Kwakaitwa chibvumirano kunze kwenyika, simba rine hunyanzvi idunhu reThe Hague, Dienst Publiekszaken, afdeling Landelijke Taken. Kubatana kunopera nekunyoresa, kwete pakusaina.

Kusawirirana kumwe chete kunokosha pamitero: Belastingdienst inotora kubatana kwemari kuti kupere kana mapato ese ari maviri asaina chibvumirano chekugumisa, chero bedzi vasisiri kunyoreswa pakero imwe chete yeBRP - kwete pakunyoreswa kwakazoitwa nemunyori.

Nzira yekudare inosungirwa: vana vadiki

Art. 1:80c BW inovhara nzira yekubuda mudare uko vakaroorana vanoshandisa simba revabereki pamwe chete pamusoro pemwana mumwe chete kana kupfuura, uye uko vanoshandisa simba pamwe chete pamusoro pemwana mumwe kana kupfuura pasi peArt. 1:253sa BW kana Art. 1:253t BW. Muzviitiko izvozvo, kubatana kunogona kungogumiswa nekuparadzwa ( kusunga ) nedare.

Art. 1:80e BW inoita kuti mitemo yekurambana ishandewo saizvozvo, kusanganisira iyo iri pakuchengetedza, kushandiswa kwemba uye kugovaniswa kwemidziyo. Kubviswa kwemutemo kunotanga kushanda pakunyoreswa kwemutongo wedare mumarejista emamiriro emhuri - uye, sezviri mukurambana, kunyoreswa ikoko kunofanira kuitika mukati memwedzi mitanhatu kubva pakuva kwekupedzisira kwechisarudzo, zvikasadaro kunorasikirwa nesimba rawo.

Nyaya dzinoitwa kuburikidza negweta. Vaviri vanogona kuendesa chikumbiro chemubatanidzwa, icho chiri nekukurumidza uye chakachipa, kana mumwe chete anogona kunyorera ega. Kusagadzikana kusingadzoreki ndiyo hwaro, uye hazviedzwe kana mumwe wacho akaramba.

Hurongwa hwekurera vana

Chikumbiro chine chekuita nevana vadiki chinofanira kuperekedzwa nehurongwa hwekurera vana ( ouderschapsplan ) hwakasainwa nevabereki vese, zvichienderana nechikamu. 815 Rv. Chinofanira kutsanangura zvinotevera:

• kuti kutarisirwa nekurerwa kwevana kwakakamurwa sei, uye kuti vana vachagara kupi;
• kuti vabereki vachazivisana sei uye vachabvunzana sei panyaya dzakakosha dzine chekuita nevana;
• mari yekuchengetwa nekurerwa, kureva kuti, kuchengeta mwana.

Kana chirongwa chekubatana chikasakwanisa kuburitswa zvechokwadi, chikumbiro chinofanira kutsanangura chikonzero uye chii chakaedzwa. Dare rinogona kuenderera mberi neizvozvo, asi chikumbiro chisingateereri chinodiwa chisina tsananguro chinogona kunzi hachigamuchirwi.

Migumisiro yepfuma

Kune kudyidzana kwakaitwa musi wa1 Ndira 2018 kana kuti mushure mazvo, chisungo chekugara nhaka ndicho nharaunda yakaganhurirwa yepfuma pasi pechinyorwa. 1:94 BW. Muchidimbu, izvo mumwe nemumwe aive nazvo kare pamberi pekudyidzana zvinoramba zviri zvepachivande, uye zvipo nenhaka zvinogamuchirwa nemumwe mudiwa zvinoramba zviri zvepachivande; izvo zvinovakwa panguva yekudyidzana, uye pfuma yakagara iripo pamwe chete, zvinowira munharaunda uye zvinogovaniswa zvakaenzana pakugumiswa. Kune kudyidzana kwakaitwa musi iwoyo usati wasvika, nharaunda yekare yepfuma inoramba ichishanda.

Vadyidzani vanogona kusiya chibvumirano chekubhadhara mari nekuda kwemamiriro ekubatana ( partnerschapsvoorwaarden ), ayo anofanira kuitwa sechibvumirano chekusimbisa uye akanyorwa murejista yepfuma yemuchato (art. 1:115 BW, art. 1:116 BW). Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuitwa pamberi kana panguva yekubatana. Paanowanikwa, kugumisa kubatana kunoreva kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu - kazhinji chikamu chekugadzirisa - pane kuparadzanisa nharaunda.

Chero nzira, basa racho rakafanana: tsvaga zviri munharaunda uye zviri zvepachivande, zvikoshese, zvigovere, uye gadzirisa zvikwereti. Zvikwereti zvakabatana zvinoramba zviri pamwe chete kune vanokweretesa chero bedzi vadyidzani vachibvumirana pakati pavo; mukweretesi haasungirwi nechibvumirano chekugumisa chibvumirano, uye mukweretesi wemortgage haasungirwi kusunungura mudyidzani ari kubva muchikwereti chemubatanidzwa uye zvimwe zvikwereti.

Kuenzanisa kwepensheni

Kugumisa kubatana kwakanyoreswa kunoonekwa se "scheiding" nekuda kwePension Rights Equalisation (Divorce) Act ( Wet verevening pensioenrechten bij scheiding , WVPS). Chikanganiso ndechekuti mumwe nemumwe ane kodzero yekuwana hafu yepension yezera rekare yakawanikwa nemumwe panguva yekubatana, inobhadharwa kana pension iyoyo yasvika panguva yepension.

Zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha kuita:

• Zivisai mupi wepenjeni uchishandisa fomu repamutemo mukati memakore maviri mushure mekugumiswa kwemari. Ita izvi uye mupi wepenjeni anobhadhara mugove wakaenzana zvakananga kumudiwa ane kodzero; kushaya nguva uye kodzero yacho inosara, asi inofanira kutorwa kubva kune aimbova mudiwa wake pachake.
• Kuenzana kunogona kusiyiwa kana kuchinjika — mumamiriro ekubatana kana muchibvumirano chekugumisa, ndicho chikonzero nei art. 1:80d BW ichinyora penjeni senyaya yechibvumirano.
• Kutendeuka (kutendeuka) imwe nzira: mudiwa ane kodzero anowana kodzero yake yepensheni yakazvimirira, zvichibvisa hukama hweupenyu hwese neaimbova mudiwa wake. Izvi zvinoda kushandira pamwe kwemupi wepensheni.

Kunze kwekuenzana, aimbova mudiwa anowanzo chengeta chikumbiro chepenjeni yemumwe wake ( bijzonder partnerpensioen ) kwenguva isati yapera basa.

Bhiri, reWet pensioenverdeling bij scheiding, raizoita kuti shanduko ive chiyero panzvimbo pekuenzana. Rave riri pamberi peparamende kubvira muna 2019 uye harina kugamuchirwa; zuva raro rekutanga kushanda rakadzoserwa shure kanopfuura kamwe chete uye ikozvino riri pa1 Ndira 2028, kuti rienderane nehurongwa hutsva hwepensheni. Kusvikira hwapasiswa uye hwatanga kushanda, hurongwa hweWVPS hwatsanangurwa pamusoro hunoshanda zvizere, uye hapana chibvumirano chinofanira kuvakirwa pakufungidzira kuti mitemo mitsva ichasvika riini.

Kugadziriswa kwemubatsiri uye nguva yakwo

Mari yekuchengetedza vadikani ( partnealimentatie ) inoshanda kune vadikani vakanyoreswa sezvainoita kune muchato, art. 1:80e BW ichizivisa kuti mitemo yekurambana inoshandawo. Kodzero yacho inotsamira pakudiwa kune rumwe rutivi uye kugona kubhadhara kune rumwe; mari yacho inotevera nhungamiro dzekuchengetedza dzeDutch ( Trema-normen ).

Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020 mutemo mukuru pasi pechikamu 1:157 BW ndewekuti kuchengetedza kunogara kwehafu yenguva yemuchato kana hukama, nemakore mashanu chete. Zvitatu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira:

• apo vakaroorana vane vana vasati vasvika makore gumi nemaviri, mari yekuchengeta mwana inoramba iripo kusvika mwana mudiki asvitsa makore gumi nemaviri;
• uko kubatana kwacho kwakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu uye mugamuchiri ari mukati memakore gumi ezera remudyandigere wenyika (AOW), kuchengetedza kunoramba kuripo kusvika zera reAOW rasvika;
• mutemo wekuchinja kwevagamuchiri vakazvarwa musi wa1 Ndira 1970 kana kuti usati wasvika: apo kubatana kwacho kwakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu uye mugamuchiri achiri pasi pemakore anopfuura gumi ezera reAOW, kuchengetedza kunogara kwemakore gumi. Mutemo haubatanidzi zuva rekupedzisira pamutemo uyu, asi unopera wega - kana boka iroro rasvika mukati memakore gumi ezera reAOW, musiyano wapfuura unoshanda panzvimbo pezvo, uye mutemo wekuchinja hauna chawasara nacho.

Kana paine zvinhu zvinopfuura chimwe chete zvinorambidzwa, nguva yakareba ndiyo inotonga, uye kana paine nyaya dzakaoma dare rinogona kuwedzera nguva yapera. Mari yekuchengeta mhuri inopera chero zvodini kana mugamuchiri akaroorazve, akapinda muwanano itsva yakanyoreswa, kana kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge akaroora kana kuroorwa.

Vadyidzani vakasununguka kubvumirana kwenguva yakasiyana, kana kurega zvachose mari yekuchengeta, muchibvumirano chekugumisa. Ndiyo imwe yezvakanakira zvenzira yekubuda kunze kwedare: mhedzisiro yacho inotauriranwa pane kumanikidzwa.

Kushandura hukama hwakanyoreswa kuita muchato

Art. 1:80g BW inobvumira vakaroorana vakanyoreswa kuudza munyori kuti vanoda kuti hukama hwavo huchinjwe kuita muchato. Munyori anonyora gwaro rekuchinja muchato. Kubatana kunopera uye muchato unotanga panguva iyo gwaro rinonyorwa mugwaro rekuroorana. Kana vakaroorana vachigara kunze kweNetherlands uye mumwe wavo ane chizvarwa chekuDutch, kushandurwa kunoitika pamberi pemunyori muThe Hague.

Kutendeuka hakukanganisi hukama hwemhuri nevana vakazvarwa vasati varoorana, uye hakukonzere kuputsika kwehukama: nekuda kwepfuma nepenjeni, nhoroondo yevaviri ava inoenderera mberi, izvo zvinokosha pakuverenga zvakawanikwa panguva yekuroorana kana hukama.

Zvakapesana nazvo hazvichagoneki. Kushandura muchato kuita hukama hwakanyoreswa — nzira iri shure kwezvinonzi flitsscheiding , iyo yaishandurwa muchato wobva wagumiswa kunze kwedare — yakabviswa kubva musi wa1 Kurume 2009 neMutemo wa27 Mbudzi 2008 unokurudzira kuramba uri mubereki uye kurambana kwakanyatsonaka. Saka muchato unogona kugumiswa nedare chete, uye hapana nzira kubva mumuchato kudzokera muhukama hwakanyoreswa.

The international dimension

Kuzivikanwa kune dzimwe nyika

Kubatana kwakanyoreswa kweNetherlands hakusi chinhu chinonzwisiswa pasi rose. Kuzivikanwa kunosangana nezvipingamupinyi munyika shanu dziri nhengo dzeEU, idzo dzisina kubatana kwakanyoreswa mumutemo wadzo: Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, Romania neSlovakia. Kunze kweEU mamiriro acho haana kuenzana, uye nyika zhinji dzichabata vakaroorana vakanyoreswa sevasina kuroora kana kuroorwa.

Migumisiro yacho inoshanda: kodzero dzekugara kwemudiwa, nhaka, kubhadharwa kwemitero, uye kana hurumende yekune dzimwe nyika ichabvuma kuti hukama hwacho hwaivepo. Kana uchizotamira kune imwe nyika, kushandura kuita muchato pasi pemutemo. 1:80g BW usati waenda ndiyo zano rinowanzo shandiswa, nekuti muchato unofamba zviri nani pane kubatana.

Hutongi uye mutemo unoshanda

Mutemo weBrussels IIb panyaya dzewanano haubatanidzi hukama hwakanyoreswa. Saka simba rekugumisa hukama hwacho rinotemerwa nemitemo yenyika yeDutch yemitemo yehurumende, kunyanya art. 4 Rv. Dare reDutch rine simba apo munyoreri kana mupomerwi vane kugara kwavo muNetherlands, kana kuti vese vari vaviri vane chizvarwa cheDutch.

Pamutemo unoshanda, chikamu 10:86 BW chinoti kana kubatana kwakanyoreswa kwakaitwa muNetherlands kunogona kupedzwa muNetherlands nekubvumirana kana nekuparadzwa, uye kuti ndezvipi zvikonzero, zvinotongwa nemutemo weDutch. Kuzivikanwa kwekubatana kwakaitwa kunze kwenyika, uye kugumiswa kwakawanikwa kunze kwenyika, kunotaurwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo muChinyorwa 4 cheBhuku 10 BW; chikamu 10:91 BW inoganhurira kushandiswa kwekodzero iyoyo maererano nekubatana kwakaitwa pamberi pa1 Ndira 2005.

Mhedzisiro yepfuma yekudyidzana kwakanyoreswa nechikamu chepakati pemiganhu inowira pasi peEU Regulation 2016/1104, inoshanda kubva musi wa29 Ndira 2019 pakati peNyika gumi nesere dziri kutora chikamu. Inobvumira sarudzo shoma yemutemo uye inosarudza kuti ndeupi mutemo unodzora pfuma yemudyidzani. Kuchengetedza kunotongwa neEU neHague pane nemutemo wepfuma.

Kune vaviri vari munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, mhinduro yekuti "dare ripi, mutemo upi" haigone kutorwa kubva kwaunogara iye zvino. Gadzirisa chibvumirano chisati chanyorwa, kwete mushure mekunge chanyorwa.

Law & More inopa mazano kune vadyidzani vakanyoreswa muNetherlands nekune dzimwe nyika pamusoro penzira mbiri dzekubuda muhukama: kunyora chibvumirano chekugumisa chibvumirano uye chiziviso chemunyori, kukumbira kuputswa kwemhuri kana paine vana vadiki, uye kugadzirisa nyaya dzepfuma, penjeni uye dzekuchengetedza dzinouya nadzo. Kana mumwe wenyu aine nyika yekune imwe nyika kana achigara kunze kweNetherlands, nyaya dzekutonga nemutemo unoshanda dzakakodzera kugadziriswa usati wasaina chero chinhu.