Gweta rebasa
muNetherlands

Mazano kana kuti matanho ekuita? Kumbira musangano wekutanga wemahara.

Mushandirwi wako akakupa chibvumirano chekugadzirisa, kana kuti wakadzingwa basa nekukurumidza. Kana kuti uri mushandirwi anoda kusiya mushandi pasina gakava refu. Segweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands, tinoongorora chinzvimbo chako uye tinoverenga kodzero dzako. Tinotarisawo nguva dzinotanga kushanda panguva imwe chete.

Mutengo wevatengi Law & More 9.6 kubva pa10 pa Klantenvertelle, puratifomu yekuongorora yeDutch (ongororo makumi masere nerimwe, kubva muna Gumiguru 2026).

Mutemo webasa wekuDutch unonyanya kuwanikwa muBhuku 7 reDutch Civil Code, richiwedzerwa nezvibvumirano zvebasa zvemubatanidzwa (CAOs). Tinobatsira vashandirwi nevashandi, muchiRungu nechiDutch. Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020 vashandi vazhinji vehurumende vanowirawo pasi pemutemo webasa wekuDutch.

Ndirini paunoda gweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands?

Unoda gweta rezvemabasa kana nguva yasvika kana kuti mumwe munhu akakukumbira siginecha yako. Kana ukatsvaga rubatsiro rwemutemo nekukurumidza, ndipo paunowana sarudzo dzakawanda.

Vashandi nevashandirwi vanowanzo taura nesu nezve:

kutyisidzirwa kudzingwa basa, tsamba yekudzingwa basa kana kukokwa kumusangano we "mashoko akaipa";
chibvumirano chekugadzirisa kana chibvumirano chekugumisa chaunofanira kuongorora mukati memazuva gumi nemana;
kudzingwa basa kwenguva pfupi, kana mubvunzo wekuti ungatora danho iroro here semushandirwi;
kusawirirana nemaneja wako, kana gakava pamusoro pemihoro, bhonasi kana maawa ekushanda;
kurwara, kudzoserwa mumhuri kana kumira kwemuhoro kunoiswa nemushandirwi;
chikamu chisingapikisi makwikwi chinodzivisa basa idzva;
kurongwa patsva, kudzingwa pamwe chete kana kukumbira mazano kudare remabasa;
kunyora zvibvumirano zvebasa, mabhuku evashandi kana zvibvumirano zvevatungamiriri nevanobva kunze kwenyika.

Ndeapi mabasa ane chekuita neizvi atingakubatsira nawo?

Kune mibvunzo chaiyo iri munharaunda iyi yemutemo, mapeji aya anotsanangura zvakadzama.

Une chibvumirano chipi chebasa?

Chibvumirano chebasa chinowanikwa kana mushandi achishandira mushandirwi achibhadhara mari (Chikamu 7:610 cheDutch Civil Code). Kuti chibvumirano ichi ndechenguva yakatarwa here kana kuti chenguva dzose ndizvo zvinosarudza kuti chingaguma sei uye riini.

Mushandirwi anofanira kukuzivisai nekunyora nezvemitemo inokosha yebasa. Kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022 izvi zvinofanirwa kuitika mukati mevhiki imwe chete yekutanga basa renguva huru. Kodzero shoma yezororo inopetwa kana kupfuura maawa ekushanda pavhiki (Chinyorwa 7:634): Mazuva makumi maviri ebasa renguva yakazara.

Mutemo wecheni wemakondirakiti enguva yakatarwa unoshanda sei?

Pasi peChinyorwa 7:668a cheDutch Civil Code, chibvumirano chechigarire chinovapo mushure mezvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa zvinopfuura zvitatu kana mwedzi makumi matatu nematanhatu. Cheni yacho inongoputswa nechikamu chemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu.

CAO inogona kusiyana nemitemo iyi pane zvimwe zvinhu. Kune chibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chemwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura, mushandirwi anofanira kupa chiziviso chakanyorwa nezvekugadziriswazve. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitika mwedzi mumwe chete zuva rekupera risati rasvika (Chinyorwa 7:668). Kana mushandirwi akakundikana kuita izvi, une kodzero yekubhadharwa kusvika pamuhoro wemwedzi mumwe chete. Shanduko kumutemo wecheni dzakarongwa, saka tarisa mitemo iripo usati wavimba nenguva.

Ndeipi mitemo yekuedzwa?

Nguva yekuedzwa inofanira kubvumirana yakanyorwa (Chinyorwa 7:652 cheDutch Civil Code). Hapana nguva yekuedzwa inotenderwa muchibvumirano chemwedzi mitanhatu kana mipfupi.

Kondirakiti inosvika makore maviri, nguva yepamusoro ndeyemwedzi mumwe chete. Kondirakiti yakareba kana yechigarire ndeyemwedzi miviri. Munguva yekutongwa, mapato ese anogona kupera nekukasika. Kana muchikumbira, mushandirwi anofanira kunyora chikonzero chacho, uye kurambidzwa kwerusarura kunoshandawo.

Mushandirwi angagumisa sei chibvumirano chebasa?

Mushandirwi haagone kungogumisa chibvumirano chenguva dzose. Mutemo webasa wekuNetherlands unoda chikonzero chine musoro (Chikamu 7:669 cheDutch Civil Code) uye kuongororwa kwekutanga kwekutorwa kwemabasa.

Zvikonzero zvepamutemo zvakakwana. Maitiro ekudzinga munhu anofanirwa kuita zvinoenderana nezvikonzero zvinotevera:

Chikonzero chine musoro	Nzira
Zvikonzero zvehupfumi, zvakaita sekurongwa patsva	Mvumo kubva kuUWV
Kusakwanisa kushanda kwenguva refu (makore maviri kana kupfuura)	Mvumo kubva kuUWV
Kugara uchirwara uye migumisiro isingagamuchirwi	Dare redunhu
Kushanda zvisina kunaka, mushure mehurongwa hwekuvandudza	Dare redunhu
Zviito kana kusaita basa kwemushandi zvinogona kupomerwa	Dare redunhu
Kukanganisa kushanda kwehukama	Dare redunhu
Musanganiswa wevhu (vhu rakaunganidzwa)	Dare redunhu

Kana mushandi akabvuma kudzingwa basa nekunyora, hapana mvumo kubva kuUWV kana kudare redunhu rinodiwa. Mushandi anogona kubvisa mvumo iyoyo mukati memazuva gumi nemana (Chinyorwa 7:671). Nguva yekuzivisa yemushandirwi mwedzi mumwe kusvika mina, zvichienderana nehurefu hwebasa (Chinyorwa 7:672). Segweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands, tinoona kuti faira rakanyorwa zvakanaka rinowanzo sarudza nyaya yekudzingwa basa.

Kudzingwa basa kwenguva pfupi kunoshanda rini?

Kudzingwa basa kwechinguvana kunoshanda chete kana paine chikonzero chekukurumidzira (Zvikamu 7:677 na7:678 zveDutch Civil Code). Mushandirwi anofanira kudzingwa basa nekukasika uye otaura chikonzero chacho nekukasika.

Mienzaniso yechikonzero chekukurumidzira inyaya yekuba, hutsotsi kana kutyisidzira kwakakomba. Dare rinoongorora mamiriro ese ezvinhu, akadai sehurefu hwebasa uye migumisiro yemushandi. Mushandi anoda kupikisa kudzingwa kwebasa anofanira kukumbira dare redunhu mukati memwedzi miviri kuti ribvise (Chinyorwa 7:686a). Kudzingwa basa kwakajairika kunowanzo gumisawo kodzero yako yekuwana mari yerubatsiro rwekushaya basa (WW).

Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezvechibvumirano chekugadzirisa nyaya?

Chibvumirano chekugadzirisa (vaststellingsovereenkomst) chinogumisa basa nekubvumirana kwese. Mushandi anogona kurigumisa mukati memazuva gumi nemana ekusaina pasina kupa zvikonzero (Chikamu 7:670b cheDutch Civil Code).

Kana chibvumirano chisingatauri nezvenguva iyi yekufungisisa, inova mavhiki matatu. Hapana muripo wekuchinja wepamutemo muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa; zvese zvinokurukuriranwa. Tarisa zuva rekupera, nguva yekuzivisa, muripo, chero chikamu chisingakwikwidzane uye chikonzero chisina kwachakarerekera chekudzingwa. Nemashoko akakodzera, mushandi anowanzo chengeta kodzero yerubatsiro rwekushaya basa kubva kuUWV. Vashandirwi vanowanzo bhadhara mari yemushandi yepamutemo.

Muripo upi waunowana kana wadzingwa basa?

Kana mushandi adzingwa basa nekuda kwechinangwa chemushandirwi, mushandi ane kodzero yekuwana muripo wekuchinja basa (Chikamu 7:673 cheDutch Civil Code). Izvi zvinosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemuhoro wepamwedzi pagore rebasa, kubva pazuva rekutanga rekushanda.

Mari yekubhadhara inotarwa gore rega rega, kana kuti pamari inobhadharwa pagore kana yakakwira. Muna 2026, mari yacho inosvika 102,000 euros. Kana kudzingwa basa kwacho kuchikonzerwa nemhosva huru yemushandi, muripo wacho unopera. Pakubviswa kwebasa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuunganidza mari, dare rinogona kupa muripo wekuwedzera unosvika hafu yemari yekubhadhara.

Pamusoro pezvo, dare rinogona kupa muripo wakakodzera (billijke vergoeding) kana mushandirwi akaita mhosva yakakura. Hapana fomura yakatarwa: dare rinotarisa mamiriro ese ezvinhu, kusanganisira kurasikirwa nemari uye mukana wekuwana basa idzva.

chii	nguva	chinyorwa
Kugumisa chibvumirano chekugadzirisa	Mazuva gumi nemana mushure mekusaina (mavhiki matatu kana zvisina kutaurwa)	7:670b
Kubviswa kwechiziviso chekudzingwa basa kana kudzingwa basa	Mwedzi miviri mushure mekupera kwebasa	7:686a
Chikumbiro chemubhadharo wekuchinja	Mwedzi mitatu mushure mekupera kwebasa	7:686a
Kukwidza nyaya yekupikisa chisarudzo chedare redunhu	Mwedzi mitatu mushure mesarudzo	7:683

Ndeipi mitemo pamusoro pekurwara uye kudzokera kumhuri itsva?

Panguva yekurwara, mushandirwi anobhadhara mari inosvika 70 muzana yemari inosvika mavhiki zana nemana (Chikamu 7:629 cheDutch Civil Code). Mugore rekutanga iyi inenge iri mari yepasi pasi inobhadharwa nemutemo, uye maCAO mazhinji anoda 100 muzana.

Mumakore maviri ekutanga ekurwara, kurambidzwa kwekudzingwa kunoshanda (Chinyorwa 7:670). Mushandirwi nemushandi vanofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete pakudzoserwa muhofisi pasi peGatekeeper Improvement Act (Wet verbetering poortwachter). Kana mushandi akaramba kushanda pamwe chete pasina chikonzero chakanaka, mushandirwi anogona kumisa mihoro. Kana mushandirwi akaita zvishoma, UWV inogona kuwedzera mubhadharo kusvika kumavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri. Mushure memavhiki zana nemana mushandi anogona kuwana rubatsiro rweWIA, rwunokumbirwa panosvika vhiki rechimakumi mapfumbamwe nenhatu rekurwara.

Chikamu chemutemo wekusakwikwidza chinoshanda rini?

Chisungo chisingapikise makwikwi chinoshanda chete kana chabvumiranwa nemunyori nemushandi mukuru (Chikamu 7:653 cheDutch Civil Code). Muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa hachishande kunze kwekunge mushandirwi atsanangura nekunyora kuti ndeapi mabhizinesi anodiwa.

Chisungo chekusakumbira, chinorambidza kusangana nevatengi, chinoenderana nemitemo yakafanana. Dare redunhu rinogona kubvisa chikamu chose kana chikamu charo kana chikakanganisa mushandi zvisina kururama. Segweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands, tinoongorora kana chikamu chako chichabata uye totaurirana nezvemuganho pazvinogoneka.

Chii chinoshanda pakugadziriswazve kwemabasa nekanzuru yemabasa?

Kambani ine vashandi makumi mashanu kana kupfuura inofanira kuva nekanzuru yemabasa (ondernemingsraad). Pasi peChikamu 25 cheMutemo weMakanzuru eMabasa, kanzuru yemabasa ine kodzero yekupa mazano pakurongwa patsva. Chinyorwa 27 chinoipa kodzero yekubvumirana pane mimwe mitemo.

Mvumo inovhara zvirongwa semuenzaniso, maawa ekushanda, kuongororwa kwebasa uye kusavapo kwemurwere. Kana mushandirwi akasatevedzera zano redare remabasa, dare remabasa rinogona kukwidza nyaya kuEnterprise Chamber mukati memwedzi mumwe chete. Pakudzingwa basa, mushandirwi anofanira kushandisa mutemo wekufungisisa pazera rega rega mukati mezvinzvimbo zvinochinjana.

Mutemo weCollective Redundancy Notification Act unoshanda kana mushandirwi achida kudzinga vashandi makumi maviri kana kupfuura munzvimbo imwe chete yebasa mukati memwedzi mitatu. Mushandirwi anofanira kuzivisa UWV nemasangano evashandi. UWV inotarisira zvikumbiro zvekudzingwa basa mwedzi mumwe chete mushure mekuziviswa ikoko.

Chii chakasiyana kune vatungamiriri nevanobva kune dzimwe nyika?

Mutungamiriri wepamutemo weDutch BV anowanzova nechinzvimbo zviviri: mutungamiri pasi pezvinyorwa zvesangano uye mushandi. Pasi peChinyorwa 2:244 cheDutch Civil Code, musangano mukuru unogona kudzinga director chero nguva. Hapana mvumo kubva kuUWV kana kudare inodiwa.

Kana munhu adzingwa basa semutungamiriri, chibvumirano chebasa chinoperawo, kunze kwekunge paine kurambidzwa kwekudzingwa basa. Mutungamiriri anofanira kutanga apiwa mukana wekutaura maonero ake. Kugadziriswa kusina kunaka kunogona kutungamira mukubhadharwa kwakakodzera.

Kana uchigara uchishanda muNetherlands, mutemo webasa wekuNetherlands unokudzivirira, kunyangwe pasi pechibvumirano chekune imwe nyika. Kana mvumo yako yekugara ichienderana nebasa rako, kudzingwa basa kunogona kukanganisawo kugara kwako. Tinobva tashanda pamwe chete nebazi redu rezvekutamira kune dzimwe nyika.

Inoshanda sei ne Law & More basa?

Kushanda negweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands ku Law & More inotevera matanho mana: kugamuchira, kupa mazano, kutaurirana, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, matanho ekuita. Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe tinokurukura pachine nguva zvatichaita uye kuti zvichadhura zvakadii.

Kugamuchira vashandi. Mumusangano wekutanga wemahara tinokurukura nezvemamiriro enyu ezvinhu uye chero nguva yekumhanya. Tinokumbira chibvumirano chenyu chebasa, CAO, mari yekubhadhara uye tsamba dzebasa.
Zano. Gweta rako remabasa rekuDutch rinoongorora chinzvimbo chako uye rinotsanangura njodzi nemikana, muchiRungu kana muchiDutch.
Kutaurirana. Tinoita hurukuro nebato rimwe chete kana gweta raro. Kusawirirana kwakawanda kunopera muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa nyaya, uye kuyananisa kunogona kuva nzira inokurumidza.
Nyaya Dzinotongwa. Kana pasina kugadziriswa kwatinowana, tinoenda kudare redunhu uye, kana takwidza nyaya yacho, tinoenda kudare repamusoro.

Gweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands rinodhura marii?

At Law & More Mutengo wepaawa wega wega unosvika maeuro mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu (250-350 euros) usingabatanidzi VAT yegweta. Kune mumwe wako, mutengo uyu unosvika maeuro mazana matatu kusvika mazana mana (300-400 euros) usingabatanidzi VAT, uye tinokurukura nezvemutengo wacho pachine nguva.

Musangano wekutanga negweta rako rezvemabasa muNetherlands haubhadharwi. Musangano wekupa mazano kamwe chete pasina rumwe rubatsiro unodhura maeuro mazana matatu kusanganisira VAT. Rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa nehurumende rwuripo kuburikidza neLegal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), asi Law & More hazvishande pahwaro ihwohwo. Hofisi yedu iri pa Marconilaan 13 in Eindhoven, ine nzvimbo yekushanya mu Amsterdam, uye tinoshanda muNetherlands yese.

Ndiani anobata nyaya yako?

Nyaya yenyu inotongwa naAylin Acar naMichelle Marjanovic. Munogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo yavo papeji redu rechikwata.

Ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinokubatsira zvakanyanya?

Unogona kuverenga rugwaro rwemutemo muBhuku 7 reDutch Civil Code.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Ndirini pandinofanira kutaura negweta rezvemabasa muNetherlands?

Fonera gweta rezvemabasa kana nguva yatanga kana kuti saini yakumbirwa. Funga nezvechibvumirano chekugadzirisa, kudzingwa basa kana chikumbiro chekudzingwa basa neUWV. Zano panguva iyoyo rinoita kuti sarudzo dzako dzirambe dzakavhurika.

Mushandirwi wangu anogona kundidzinga basa ndisina mvumo yangu here?

Kwete pasina chikonzero chine musoro uye mvumo kubva kuUWV kana chisarudzo chedare redunhu. Zvimwe zvinosara kudzingwa basa panguva yekutongwa uye kudzingwa basa kwenguva pfupi nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira. Vatungamiriri vemutemo vanogonawo kudzingwa basa nemusangano mukuru.

Ndinofanira kufungazve nezvechibvumirano chekugadzirisa nyaya kwenguva yakareba sei?

Unogona kuputsa chibvumirano chakasainwa mukati memazuva gumi nemana usingape zvikonzero. Kana chibvumirano chisingatauri nezvekodzero iyi, nguva yacho imavhiki matatu. Izvi zvinotevera kubva muChikamu 7:670b cheDutch Civil Code.

Ndingachengeta mari yerubatsiro rwekushaya basa mushure mekubvumirana here?

Kazhinji hongu, kana kugumisa basa kwatangwa nemushandirwi uye pasina chikonzero chekukurumidzira. Chibvumirano chinofanira kutaura chikonzero chisina kwachakarerekera uye chinoenderana nenguva yekuzivisa. Gweta rinoongorora mashoko acho usati wasaina.

Mari yekubhadhara yekuchinjana marii?

Mari yekubhadhara inobhadharwa pamwedzi wega wega ichikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemuhoro wepamwedzi pagore rebasa. Muna 2026 inenge yakaenzana ne102,000 euros, kana kuti muhoro wepagore mumwe chete kana wakakwira. Unofanira kuitora mukati memwedzi mitatu mushure mekunge basa rapera.

Ko mushandirwi wangu angandidzinga basa here ndichirwara?

Mumakore maviri ekutanga ekurwara, kurambidzwa kudzingwa kunoshanda. Mushandirwi anofanira kuramba achibhadhara mari inosvika 70 muzana yemuhoro wako uye kushanda pakudzorerwa kumhuri. Chibvumirano chekugadzirisa panguva yekurwara chinoda kutarisirwa kwakawedzerwa.

Une kusava nechokwadi nezvechinzvimbo chako? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa mukati mezuva rimwe chete rebasa kuti ndeapi masarudzo ako. Taura nesu, fonera +31 40 369 06 80 kana email info@lawandmore.nl.

Peji rino rinopa ruzivo rwakawanda uye haritsivi mazano pamusoro pemamiriro ako chaiwo.