Kusvika pazera reDutch state pension (AOW) chiratidzo chedanho guru rezvemari, zvichiunza shanduko pamari yako, mitero, uye mararamiro ako ezuva nezuva. Kune vanhu vakarambana vanobhadhara kana kugamuchira mari yekuchengeta vakaroorana, shanduko iyi inowanzo mutsa mubvunzo wakakosha wepamutemo maererano nezvisungo zvavo zvemari zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi.
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti mari yekuchengeta muwanano inomira yoga kana mugamuchiri kana muridzi atanga kugamuchira penjeni yavo yeAOW. Mutemo wemhuri weDutch unobata mamiriro aya nepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana neruzivo rwemuchato wenyu, chibvumirano chenyu chekurambana, uye kugona kwenyu kwemari pari zvino.
Kunzwisisa mitemo chaiyo ine chekuita nerubatsiro rwemari yemudyandigere nekurega basa kunogona kukudzivirira kubva mukushomeka kwemari kusingatarisirwi kana kusawirirana kwematare kwenguva refu. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mutemo uripo, mamiriro akaomarara anodiwa kuti uwedzere mari yekuchengeta, uye kuti mari yako yemudyandigere inokanganisa sei kodzero dzako dzepamutemo nemitoro.
Mutemo mukuru wepamutemo we alimony uye retirement
Mitemo mikuru inodzora mari yekurerwa kwevakaroorana muNetherlands inowanikwa muDutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, kana BW). Sekureva kweChinyorwa 1:157 BW, mari yekurerwa kwevakaroorana haigumi yoga kana mumwe munhu asvika zera reAOW. Pane kudaro, chisungo chinopera mushure menguva yakatarwa yemutemo, iyo inotarwa nehurefu hwemuchato uye zera remugamuchiri.
Miganhu yakajairika yemutemo
Kune vazhinji vari kurambana mazuva ano, mutemo unoisa nguva yakatarwa yekubhadharwa kwemari yemuroorano. Chisungo chinowanzogara kwemakore mashanu, kana hafu yenguva yemuchato kana muchato wacho wakagara makore asingasviki gumi (Chinyorwa 1:157 ndima 1 BW).
Uyezve, chisungo chemari yerubatsiro rwemari yemubhadharo chinogara chichipera ipapo ipapo kana mugamuchiri akaroorazve, akapinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa, kana kuti akatanga kugara pamwe chete nemumwe wake sekunge vakaroorana (Chinyorwa 1:160 BW).
Kusarongeka kwewanano yemakore gumi nemashanu
Pane imwe nyaya chaiyo apo zera reAOW rinoshanda semhedzisiro yakaoma yemutemo yealimony. Sekureva kweChinyorwa 1:157 ndima 2 BW, chisungo chealimony chicharamba chiripo kusvika mugamuchiri asvika zera reAOW kana zvikateverwa nemamiriro maviri akaomarara:
- Muchato wacho wakatora makore anopfuura gumi nemashanu.
- Panguva yekurambana, munhu aipiwa mari yemendenenzi aive mudiki nemakore gumi pane zera reAOW raishandiswa.
Kana ukawira muchikamu ichi chaicho, chisungo chemari yekuchengeta mwana chichapera kana wasvika zera reAOW. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvese, zuva rekupedzisira rinotemerwa nemiganhu yepamutemo, zuva rakabvumiranwa muchibvumirano chenyu chekurambana, kana zuva rakatarwa rinotarwa nemutongi.
Kuwedzera mari yekubatsira vakwegura kupfuura zera reAOW
Dzimwe nguva, nguva yakatarwa yekudya kwemwana inoguma, asi mugamuchiri achiri kusangana nematambudziko makuru emari. Pasi peChinyorwa 1:157 ndima 7 BW, mugamuchiri wekudya kwemwana anogona kukumbira dare kuti riwedzere nguva yekuchengetedza. Chikumbiro ichi chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pakupera kwenguva yekutanga yekudya kwemwana.
Kuti abudirire, munhu anogamuchira anofanira kuratidza kuti kugumisa chikwereti chemari yemubhadharo hakugamuchirwi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvine musoro uye zvakarurama.
Mutoro weumboo kune anogamuchira
Matare anoshandisa bvunzo dzakasimba pakuongorora zvikumbiro zvekuwedzera nguva yekurapwa. Mutoro wese weuchapupu uri pamunhu anogamuchira mari yerubatsiro. Unofanira kupa humbowo hwakasimba hunoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.
Chinokosha ndechekuti mutongi achaongorora zvakanyanya kana mugamuchiri akaita zvese zvaanogona kuti azvimiririre mune zvemari. Zvisarudzo zveDare Repamusorosoro (zvakaita seECLI:NL:HR:2008:BF3928) zvinosimbisa kuti mugamuchiri anofanira kuratidza kuti akaita zvese zvaanotarisirwa kuti awane mari yake, zvakaita sekukumbira mabasa kana kutsvaga dzidzo yepamusoro.
Kushaikwa kwepensheni kunopa chikonzero chekuwedzera nguva yekushanda here?
Nyaya inowanzotaurwa nevanowana mari ndeyekuti vakakundikana kuwana penjeni yakakwana panguva yekuroorana kana mushure mekuroorana. Kunyange hazvo kushaikwa kwepenjeni chiri chikonzero chakakosha, matare akatonga kuti izvi chete hazvisi mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.
Vatongi vanowanzoona kushaikwa kwemari yepensheni senjodzi inoonekwa yekusashanda kana kukundikana kuronga kuenzana kwemari yepensheni panguva yekurambana. Kunze kwekunge kushaikwa kwemari yepensheni uku kwakabatana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakomba, zvisingatarisirwi sematambudziko ehutano asingatarisirwi kana kutadza kushanda zvachose, mutongi haawanzopa nguva yekuwedzera mari yacho zvichibva chete pamari shoma yepensheni.
Maitiro eAOW nemapenjeni ekuwedzera anochinja zvinodiwa zvemari
Kunyangwe kana nguva yekudyara mwana isati yapera zviri pamutemo, kusvika pazera reAOW kunogona kukanganisa mari inobhadharwa pamwedzi. Pasi peChinyorwa 1:401 BW, chero bato ripi zvaro rinogona kukumbira kuchinjwa kwemari yekudyara mwana kana paine shanduko huru mumamiriro ezvinhu.
Kana munhu anowana mari yemendenenzi atanga kugamuchira mari yake yemendenenzi pamwe chete nepenjeni yekuwedzera, mari yake yese pamwedzi inochinja. Munhu aimbove mudiwa wake anobhadhara anogona kutaura kuti mari itsva iyi inoderedza kana kubvisa zvachose kudiwa kwemari kwemugamuchiri (behoefte) kwekuwedzera mari yekuchengeta.
Mutongi achaverenga mari yemugamuchiri iye zvino, kusanganisira mari yeAOW, uye achaienzanisa nemararamiro aiwanikwa panguva yemuchato. Kana mari yemudyandigere yakakwana kuchengetedza mwero iwoyo, mutongi anogona kuderedza mari yerubatsiro kusvika pazero.
Basa remutongi uye maitiro emutemo
Kana paine gakava pamusoro pemari yerubatsiro uye zera reAOW, dare rinoita basa rakati, rakaganhurirwa.
Hapana fungidziro dzekunze kwehutongi
Mutongi haagoni kungofungidzira ( ex officio ) kuti pane mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana ekuwedzera mari yerubatsiro. Kana mugamuchiri akatadza kupa humbowo hwakakwana hunoratidza matambudziko ake emari uye kuedza kwake kuwana basa, mutongi anofanira kuramba chikumbiro chekuwedzera nguva yacho. Dare haribvumirwi kuunganidza chokwadi chiri chega kunze kwezviri kuratidzwa nemapoka maviri panguva yekutongwa kwenyaya.
Nheyo yekunzwa mativi ese
Munguva yekutongwa uku, mutongi anosungirwa zvakasimba neChikamu 19 cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure (Rv), icho chinovimbisa kodzero yekunzwiwa ( audi alteram partem ). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutongi anofanira kupa mukana kune anobhadhara neanogamuchira kupindura kune zvese zvinokakavadzana nehumbowo hwakapihwa. Mutongi haagone kusarudza kubva pamagwaro kana fungidziro dzemari dzekuti mumwe munhu haana kuwana mukana wekuongorora nekukwikwidza.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndeipi mikana iyo munhu anogamuchira mari yemendenenzi anogona kukumbira kuwedzerwa mari yacho zvichienderana nekunzwisisa uye kururamisira mushure mekusvika zera reAOW?
Munhu anogamuchira anogona kukumbira kuwedzerwa kwenguva pasi peChinyorwa 1:157 ndima 7 BW kana kugumisa kuripwa kwemwana wemuroora kusingagamuchirwi zvichibva pakunzwisisa uye kururamisira. Chikumbiro ichi chinofanira kuendeswa kudare mukati memwedzi mitatu mushure mekunge nguva yekutanga yekuripwa kwemwana yapera. Dare rinoita bvunzo yakasimba, richida kuti munhu anogamuchira aratidze mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana uye aratidze kuti akaita zvese zvaanogona kuti azvimiririre mune zvemari.
Munhu anobhadhara mari yemendenenzi anogona kudzivirira here kuti mari yemendenenzi yawedzerwa nekutaura kuti mugamuchiri haana kuita zvese zvaanogona kuti azvimiririre mune zvemari?
Ehe. Iyi ndeimwe yenzira dzakasimba uye dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzekudzivirira dzinogona kushandiswa neanobhadhara mari yerubatsiro. Mutemo wedare repamusoro unoti mutongi anofanira kunyatsoongorora kana mugamuchiri akaita zvese zvaitarisirwa kuti awane rusununguko rwemari. Kana mugamuchiri akatadza kutsvaga basa kana kugadzirisa mashandisirwo aakaitwa, dare ringangoramba chikumbiro chekuwedzera mari.
Mutoro wei wekupa humbowo uripo pamunhu anogamuchira rubatsiro rwemari yemubhadharo kana achiratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana ekuwedzera mari mushure mezera reAOW?
Munhu anenge agamuchira basa ndiye ane mutoro weumboo hwakazara. Anofanira kupa magwaro akajeka anoratidza kuti sei kudzingwa basa kusina musoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa humbowo hwezera ravo, zvinyorwa zvekurapa kana hutano huri dambudziko, humbowo hwemafomu ekunyorera basa, uye tsananguro yakadzama yemamiriro avo emari inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pezvinodiwa nemari zvavari kuda pari zvino nemuchato.
Kusawedzera mari yepensheni kwemugamuchiri kunoita basa rei mukuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana?
Kushaikwa kwekuwedzera mari yepensheni kwakakosha asi hazvingoonekwi sechiitiko chisina kujairika. Matare anowanzoona kutadza kugadzira penjeni senjodzi inogoneka, kunyanya kana mapato acho akasarudza kusaenzanisa mari yepensheni panguva yekurambana. Izvi zvinogona kungotsigira chikumbiro chekuwedzera mari kana zvikasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakomba, zvisingatarisirwi zvakaita sekurwara kwenguva refu.
Munhu anobhadhara mari yerubatsiro anogona kutaura here kuti munhu anogamuchira mari yerubatsiro uye penjeni yekuwedzera anobvisa kudiwa kwemari yerubatsiro rwevakaroorana navo?
Ehe. Kugamuchira AOW nepenjeni yekuwedzera zvinoreva shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu pasi peChinyorwa 1:401 BW. Mubatsiri anobhadhara anogona kukumbira dare kuti riverenge patsva mari yerubatsiro. Kana mari itsva yemugamuchiri yemudyandigere ichikwana zvakakwana mari yake yekurarama—zvichienderana nemararamiro emuwanano—mutongi anogona kuderedza chikwereti cherubatsiro kana kuchigumisa zvachose.
Mutongi anogona kusvika papi pakuongorora kana paine mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana kana mugamuchiri akapa humbowo husina kukwana?
Mutongi haabvumidzwe kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana ex officio (akazvimirira). Mutemo unoda kuti munhu anogamuchira mari yemendenenzi ataure uye aratidze nyaya yake. Kana munhu anogamuchira mari yemendenenzi asina humbowo hwakakwana hwemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana kana kuedza kwake kutsvaga basa, mutongi haakwanise kuwedzera chokwadi uye anofanira kuramba chikumbiro chekuwedzera nguva yacho.
Mutongi anosungirwa kusvika papi nepfungwa yekunzwa mativi ese ari maviri panguva yekuongorora kwemhosva yemunhu ari kunze kwechigaro?
Mutongi anosungirwa zvakanyanya nepfungwa yekunzwa mativi ese ( audi alteram partem ), sezvakatsanangurwa muChikamu 19 Rv. Kunyangwe dare rikataura nezvenyaya yekutonga kana kukumbira kujekeswa pamagwaro chaiwo, mapato ese ari maviri anofanira kupihwa mukana wakazara wekuongorora zvinyorwa uye kupa pfungwa dzavo dzinopikisa. Mutongi haagone kutora mutongo kubva paruzivo rwusina kukwanisa kupikiswa nerimwe bato.
Kuchengetedza remangwana rako rezvemari mushure mekurega basa
Kufamba-famba pakati pemari yemudiwa nezera repensheni yenyika kunoda kunyatsoteerera mitemo chaiyo yechibvumirano chenyu chekurambana uye mutemo weDutch uripo. Nekuti mutemo hauwanzo bvumidza kubviswa kwemari otomatiki kana wasvika zera reAOW, kufunga kuti zvikwereti zvako zvemari zvanyangarika zvinogona kutungamira kushamisika kunodhura kwemutemo.
Ongorora chibvumirano chenyu chekurambana nguva refu iwe kana wawaimbova mudiwa wako usati wasvika zera rekurega basa. Kana muchifunga kuti mamiriro enyu emari ari kuchinja anoda kuti nguva yekuchengetedza igadziriswe kana kuwedzerwa, bvunzai gweta rezvemitemo yemhuri kuti vaongorore humbowo hwenyu uye vatsanangure sarudzo dzenyu dzepamutemo. Kutora matanho ekugadzirisa dambudziko iri kunoita kuti kuchinja kwenyu kuenda pamudyandigere kurambe kwakachengeteka uye kuchigoneka sezvinobvira.
