Kushanda uri kure nemiganhu uye Chibvumirano cheEU Framework pa telework: izvo vashandirwi muNetherlands vanofanira kuziva

Mushandi anokumbira kushanda mazuva maviri pasvondo ari kuAntwerp, kana kumba kwevabereki vake kuPoland. Izvozvo zvinonzwika senyaya yekuronga nguva. Hazvisi: kushanda uri kure kune dzimwe nyika kunosanganisira masisitimu matatu akasiyana emutemo panguva imwe chete, uye nyika nhatu dzakasiyana dzinogona kuva nechikumbiro. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mashandisirwo emubvunzo uyu nenzira kwayo, zvinoitwa neEU Framework Agreement pamusoro pebasa rekunze kwenyika, uye zvinofanirwa kunge zviri mufaira remushandirwi asati abvuma.

Mibvunzo mitatu, mhinduro nhatu dzinogoneka, nyika nhatu dzakasiyana

Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekuona basa rekuyambuka miganhu semubvunzo mumwe chete. Ndeatatu, anotongwa nezvishandiso zvakasiyana uye anosarudzwa ega:

• Ndeipi nyika inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu inofukidza mushandi? Binary, musimboti une mhinduro imwe chete chaiyo.
• Inyika ipi mutemo webasa anotonga hukama here? Hazvisi zvechipiri: mutemo wakasarudzwa unogona kushanda nepo mitemo yeimwe nyika ichidarika zvimwe zvikamu zvawo.
• Mushandi anobhadhariswa mutero kupi, uye mushandirwi anowana here mukana wekubhadhara mutero? Mibvunzo miviri, uye kuratidzwa kwemushandirwi ndiko kunokanganikwa.

Mushandi anogara kuBelgium, anoshanda nekambani yeDutch, achishanda kwemazuva matatu ari kumba uye maviri ari Eindhoven, vanogona kuzopedzisira vawana inishuwarenzi muNetherlands, vakachengetedzwa nemutemo webasa wekuBelgium uye vanobhadhariswa mutero muchikamu chimwe nechimwe; ongororo yedu ye mutemo webasa unoyambuka miganhu inoratidza kuti zvikamu izvozvo zvinoshanda sei. Ndiyo nzira inoshanda sezvakarongwa.

Kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kutanga

Tanga pano: mhinduro yacho yakachena uye ndiyo inotungamira mapepa. Mukati meEU, EEA neSwitzerland, Mutemo 883/2004 unoronga masisitimu enyika. Hauwirirani; unogovera.

Sisitimu imwe panguva

Nheyo huru muchikamu 11 cheMutemo 883/2004 ndeyekuti munhu anofanira kutevedzera mutemo weNyika imwe chete iri Nhengo. Mutemo wekusaita basa ndewekuti lex loci laboris : une inishuwarenzi kwaunoshanda, zvisinei nekuti unogara kupi kana kuti mushandirwi wako akamira kupi. Mushandi anogara muGermany asi achishanda kuhofisi yeDutch chete ane inishuwarenzi muNetherlands.

Kushanda munyika mbiri kana kupfuura dzeNhengo

Kushanda uri kure kunoputsa nyaya iri nyore uye hunyanzvi. 13 yeMutemo 883/2004 inotora basa. Kana mushandi achiita mabasa muNyika mbiri kana kupfuura dziri Nhengo, bvunzo nderokuti chikamu chikuru chebasa chinoitwa here munyika yaanogara. Pasi peMutemo 14 weMutemo 987/2009, chiyero ichocho i25% yenguva yekushanda kana mubhadharo, inoongororwa mumwedzi gumi nemiviri inotevera.

• Pasi pe25% mudunhu rekugara: mushandi anoramba aine inishuwarenzi kana mushandirwi aine hofisi yake yakanyoreswa. Kune mushandirwi wekuNetherlands, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kuDutch kunoenderera mberi.
• Pa25% kana kupfuura: kugona basa kunoshanduka kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara, uye mushandirwi wekuNetherlands anofanira kunyoresa uye kubhadhara mipiro ikoko zvichienderana nemitengo yenyika iyoyo.

Kuchinja ikoko ndiko dambudziko guru. Zuva rimwe chete rekushanda kumba pasvondo rinogona kubvisa mushandi kubva muDutch social security zvachose, zvichikonzera migumisiro yepenjeni, mari yekurwara uye mari yemipiro. Hapana chinobuda zvishoma nezvishoma.

Chibvumirano cheEU Framework pamusoro pebasa rekutumirana mameseji pamiganhu yenyika

Chibvumirano cheFramework chiripo kuti chipfavise muganhu iwoyo. Ichi chibvumirano chakabatana pasi pechikamu 16 cheMutemo 883/2004, chinobvumira Nyika Dzenhengo kubvumirana kunze kwemitemo yekugoverwa kwemari yevanhu kana mapoka evanhu.

Zvinodaro

Kana zvichishanda, chibvumirano chinobvumira mushandi anogara achifonera kubva kudunhu raanogara kuti arambe aine inishuwarenzi mudunhu rine hofisi yakanyoreswa yemushandirwi, kunyangwe chiyero che25% chemabasa akakosha chakayambuka. Chinodiwa pasi pechibvumirano ndechekuti mabasa akakosha ekunze kwenyika mudunhu rekugara asingasviki 50% yenguva yese yekushanda . Ndiyo chete chikamu chinoiswa nechibvumirano pachacho. 25% haisi chinodiwa muchibvumirano asi chiyero chemabasa akakosha chechikamu 13 cheMutemo 883/2004, pasi pacho mushandi anoramba aine inishuwarenzi mudunhu remushandirwi pasina chibvumirano chiri kukumbirwa. Saka, muchiito, chibvumirano chinopindura chikamu chiri pakati pe25% ne50%.

Mamiriro ezvinhu

• Nyika dzose mbiri dzinofanira kunge dzakasaina chibvumirano ichi. Pazuva rekunyora chibvumirano ichi, nyika makumi maviri nematatu dzakasaina chibvumirano ichi: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden neSwitzerland. Vazhinji vakasaina chibvumirano ichi kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 2023; Slovenia kubva musi wa1 Gunyana 2023, Italy kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2024, Lithuania kubva musi wa1 Chivabvu 2024, Ireland kubva musi wa1 Chikumi 2024 uye Estonia kubva musi wa1 Kukadzi 2026. Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Latvia neIceland havasi ivo vakasaina chibvumirano ichi, uye United Kingdom yakaratidza kuti haisi kuzosaina chibvumirano ichi.
• Hazvisi zvega. Chinhu chinowanzo shaikwa nevashandirwi ndechekuti: hachishande nesimba remutemo maererano nechokwadi. Chikumbiro chinofanira kuendeswa, nemvumo yemushandirwi nemushandi, kusangano rine hunyanzvi rehurumende rine mutemo unotsvagwa — kumushandirwi wekuNetherlands, Sociale Verzekeringsbank. Pasina chikumbiro mitemo yakajairika inoshanda uye mushandi anogona kungopihwa inishuwarenzi kunze kwenyika.
• Zvinoguma negwaro reA1. Gwaro rinotakurika rinoratidza kuti mutemo wenyika unoshanda ndeupi: zvinodiwa nehofisi yekuongorora yekunze, uye humbowo hwega hunoshanda hwekuti gadziriro iyi yakaitwa.
• Inovhara mabasa epa telework chete. Inotaura nezvebasa rinoitwa kure nemusha uchishandisa tekinoroji yeruzivo kuti ugare wakabatana nenzvimbo yebasa yemushandirwi, kwete kushanya kwevatengi, basa repanzvimbo, zviitiko zvekutengesa kana kutyaira ipapo. Mushandi anoshanda nefoni 40% uye anoshanyirawo vatengi munyika iyoyo haasi kushanda.
• Zvinoenderana nemativi maviri. Inotaura nezvenyaya yematunhu maviri chete: nyika yekugara uye nyika yemushandirwi.

Chibvumirano ichi hachina kumira, uye runyorwa rwuri pamusoro apa haruna kumira: Estonia yakabatana chete kubva musi wa1 Kukadzi 2026. Tafura yekusaina uye rugwaro rwuri kushanda zvinoburitswa neBelgian federal social security service, iyo inochengetedza runyorwa rwekusaina kwenyika dziri kutora chikamu, uye SVB inoburitsa maonero eDutch. Tarisa zvese usati wavimba nechibvumirano chechirongwa chitsva kana kuvandudza A1 inoenderana nacho, pane kufunga kuti zvaive zvechokwadi apo chibvumirano chakatangwa chichiri chokwadi.

Chikumbiro chikanonoka hachiregi kurasika. SVB inogamuchira zvikumbiro zvichidzokera shure kwemwedzi mitatu, chero bedzi mipiro yakabhadharwa nguva dzose mudunhu rine mitemo inotsvakwa munguva iyoyo. Saka mukaha unowanikwa mukuongororwa kwemari yemuhoro unofanira kugadziriswa nekukasika, nekuti nguva yekugadziriswa kwayo ipfupi.

Kana Chibvumirano cheFramework chisingashande

Kana imwe yenyika isina kusaina, kana mushandi achishanda kubva kune imwe nyika yechitatu, kana basa riri kure rikasvika 50%, kana paine mabasa asiri efoni munyika yekugara, mitemo yakajairika inotangazve: yambuka 25% munyika yekugara uye mushandi ane inishuwarenzi ikoko, uye mushandirwi wekuDutch anofanira kunyoresa semushandirwi wekune imwe nyika uye kutumira mipiro munharaunda. Kusasarudzwa kwemunhu mumwe chete kunogona kutsvagwa pasi pechikamu 16 cheMutemo 883/2004, asi zvinoda kuti nyika dzese dzibvumirane, zvine hungwaru uye zvinononoka. Kunze kweEU, EEA neSwitzerland chibvumirano chenyika mbiri chingashanda; kana Netherlands isina inishuwarenzi mbiri kana mukaha mukuvhara zvinogoneka.

Mutemo webasa: Roma I nemitemo yausingakwanise kubvumidza

Hunyanzvi hwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu hahukuudze chero chinhu nezvemutemo webasa unoshanda. Ndiyo nzvimbo yeRome I, uye inoshanda zvakasiyana. Pasi pechinyorwa. 3 Roma I mapato anogona kusarudza mutemo unotungamira, uye zvibvumirano zvakawanda zveDutch zvinosarudza mutemo weDutch. Chikamu. 8 Roma I inoganhurira zvinoitwa nesarudzo iyoyo pachibvumirano chebasa: haigone kutorera mushandi dziviriro yezvinhu zvisingagone kukanganiswa nechibvumirano pasi pemutemo zvaizoshanda pasina sarudzo - pakutanga, mutemo wenyika iyo, kana kubva mairi, mushandi anoita basa racho. Chikamu. 8 Roma I inewo chikamu chekutiza apo chibvumirano chakabatana zvakanyanya nenyika imwe, uye chinyorwa. 9 Roma I inowedzera zvinhu zvinosungirwa zveforamu. Tinotsanangura kudyidzana ikoko zvakadzama munyaya yedu pamusoro pekuti kuzvitonga kwebato kunosangana nemutemo unosungirwa.

Mugumisiro wacho unoshanda wakakodzera kutaurwa zvakajeka. Mushandi anoita basa rake rakawanda kubva kumba mune imwe Nyika Nhengo anogona kunge achigara achishanda ikoko. Mutemo weDutch unogona kuramba uri mutemo wakasarudzwa nepo dziviriro dzinosungirwa dzenyika iyoyo dzichishanda pamusoro pawo - uye dziviriro yekudzingwa basa inowanzo fanira. Mushandirwi wekuDutch anotevera nzira yeUWV kana dare redunhu nenzira yakajairika anogona kuona kuti haana kuzadzisa chiziviso, kudzingwa kana zvinodiwa zvemunyika iyo mushandi wacho ari. Mari shoma, nguva yekushanda, zororo rinobhadharwa, dziviriro yekusarura uye mitemo yekusakwikwidzana zvinokoka kubatwa kwakafanana. Hapana chiyero pano chakafanana ne25% social security test: "tsika yekuita" iongororo yehunhu hwepakati pehukama hwehukama.

Kana basa riri kure rava kutumira

Vashandirwi vanofunga kuti Posting of Workers Directive ine chekuita nevashandi vekuvaka nevanotakura zvinhu. Chinangwa chayo, muchikamu 1 cheDirective 96/71/EC, ibasa repasi rose: kutumira zvinhu pasi pechibvumirano nemugamuchiri mune imwe Nyika iri Nhengo, kutumira zvinhu kuboka, kana kuhaya kuburikidza nesangano rebasa renguva pfupi. Chikamu 3 chinobva chaisa mutemo wakasimba wemamiriro ezvinhu enyika inogashira - nguva yekushanda, zororo rinobhadharwa, muhoro, hutano nekuchengetedzeka, kubatwa zvakaenzana - zvakawedzerwa neDirective 2018/957.

Kutumira mameseji kubva kumba kwemushandi wega wega kuaccount yemushandi wega wega hakusi kungotumira mameseji: hapana sevhisi inopihwa kune mugamuchiri ari mune imwe nyika. Asi mutsetse wacho unoyambuka zviri nyore kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevashandirwi. Kana mushandi ari kure achishanda panzvimbo yemutengi munyika yaanogara, akaiswa kukambani yeboka ikoko kana kuti akapihwa kune rimwe bhizinesi, hurongwa hwekutumira mameseji hwenyika inomugamuchira hunosanganisira, kusanganisira zvisungo zvekumanikidza pasi peDirective 2014/67/EU. MuNetherlands ndicho chisungo chekuzivisa cheWagwEU, icho mushandirwi wekune imwe nyika anofanira kuzadzisa basa risati ratanga; dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika dzinoshandisa maportals adzo, uye vashandirwi vekuDutch vanofanira kushandisa idzodzo kana kufamba kwacho kwapera.

Mutero: kuratidzwa kwemushandirwi kunotanga

Chikamu chino chakanyanya kukwira nemaune. Mitemo yemitero inoshandisa magwaro chaiwo echibvumirano uye chokwadi, uye hapana chiri pano chiri zano remitero; batanidza mupi wezano wemitero usati wabvumirana chero chibvumirano.

Njodzi inogara iripo yekugadzwa

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha hachisi bhadha remutero wemushandi. Ndekuti nzvimbo yebasa yekumba kunze kwenyika inogona kuva nzvimbo yekugara yemushandirwi munyika iyoyo, pasi pechinyorwa chekugara chechibvumirano chinoshanda. Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti hofisi yekumba iri mumaoko emushandirwi here uye inoshandiswa nguva dzose here kubhizinesi, uye zvakasiyana kana mushandi achigara achipedzisa zvibvumirano, kana kuti achitamba basa guru rinotungamira kumagumo kwavo, semumiriri anovimba naye. Mabasa epamusoro neekutengeserana ane njodzi huru. Nzvimbo yekugara yekusingaperi inounza mafomu emitero yekambani, purofiti uye kazhinji kubatwa kwemari yemuhoro yemuno.

Chinzvimbo chemushandi

Mari inowanikwa pabasa inogoverwa pasi pechinyorwa chemari inowanikwa pabasa chiri muchibvumirano chinoshanda. Kazhinji, mari inobhadharwa pamutero kana basa racho richiitwa nemuviri, zvichienderana nekusarudzika kana mushandi aripo kune imwe nyika kwenguva pfupi chete, mubhadharo wacho unobva kumushandirwi asiri kugara ikoko uye hautakurirwi nekambani inogara ipapo. Mazuva ekushanda akapatsanurwa zvinoreva kodzero dzemitero dzakapatsanurwa uye mibairo yemuhoro kumativi ese ari maviri.

Belgium uye Germany

Netherlands ine zvibvumirano zvenyika mbiri neBelgium neGermany, uye kufamba-famba netsoka kubva kumiganhu inyaya yezvematongerwo enyika yagara iripo muhukama hwese. Mazuva ekushanda kumba inyaya yekukurukurirana, uye chibvumirano neBelgium chave chichienderera mberi: chibvumirano chitsva chakasainwa muna 2023 uye kutanga kwacho kushanda negore rekutanga rekushandiswa zvakanyorwa muVerdragenbank pa verdragenbank.overheid.nl, inova ndiyo chete nzvimbo yakakodzera kuongororwa izvozvo. Sarudza kuti ndechipi chibvumirano chinodzora gore riri kutaurwa nezvaro, uye zvachinotaura nezvemazuva aishandiswa kumba, musati magadziriswa mari yemuhoro - kwete kubva pamabasa ekare, uye kwete kubva pakunyora pepanhau nezvesaini.

Mamiriro ekushanda, hutano nekuchengetedzeka kubasa rekumba kunze kwenyika

Mutemo wehutano nekuchengetedzeka wekuDutch haugumiri panzvimbo yemushandirwi. Pasi pemutemo weArbeidsomstandagedhedenwet, mushandirwi ane basa rekushandira rinobvumira mushandi kushandisa: art. 3 inoda mutemo wakanangana nemamiriro ekushanda akanakisa uye art. 5 uwandu hwezvinhu zvine njodzi uye kuongororwa, nehurongwa hwakasiyana hwebasa risingatsamiri panzvimbo. Kunze kwenyika, mushandirwi haakwanise kuongorora zviri nyore uye anogona kutarisana nehurongwa hwechipiri, hwemunharaunda. Nzira inoshanda ndeyekuzviongorora kwemushandi, chiyero chemidziyo chakanyorwa, mirairo yakanyorwa uye nzira yekushuma zviitiko inoshanda kubva kunze kwenyika. Tsaona panzvimbo yebasa yekune imwe nyika inosimudzirawo mutoro pasi peArt. 7:658 yeDutch Civil Code, uye basa rekutarisira harisi pachena rakamanikana nekuti dhesiki riri kune imwe nyika.

Dziviriro yedata nemidziyo

Kushanda uri kure mukati meEEA hakukonzeri dambudziko rekutamisa data. Kushanda uri kunze kunoita: kuwana ruzivo rwemunhu kubva kune imwe nyika kunoda kuchengetedzwa zviri pamutemo, kusingatariswe muzvirongwa zve "kushanda kubva chero kupi". Chero nzvimbo ipi zvayo, taura pachena kuti ndiani muridzi wemidziyo, kana michina yemunhu inogona kushandiswa, kuti ruzivo rwepachivande runobatwa sei mumhuri inogovaniswa, inishuwarenzi yemidziyo yekunze kwenyika, uye kudzoka kwayo kana basa rapera.

Magwaro anofanira kuva nawo

• Mutemo wekushanda uri kure. Nyika dzinotenderwa, huwandu hwepamusoro hwenyika dziri kunze kwenyika, zvinodiwa pakubvumidzwa, maawa ekushanda uye kuwanikwa, mari inoshandiswa, zvishandiso, kuchengetedzeka, uye kodzero chaiyo yekubvisa kana kuchinja mvumo kana chinzvimbo chepamutemo chikachinja.
• Chimwe chinhu chinowedzera pachibvumirano chebasa. Munhu mumwe nemumwe uye zvakananga: nzvimbo yebasa yakabvumiranwa, kupatsanurwa kwakabvumiranwa, mutemo unotungamira neforamu, uye mabasa emushandi ekuisa mitero. Ita kuti zvive nenguva shoma uye zvigone kubviswa, saka shanduko mukuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kana chinzvimbo chemitero haisiye mushandirwi akasungwa kune chimiro chaasingachakwanise kuchengetedza.
• Kunyoresa uye kunyorera A1. Kana chibvumirano chikashandiswa, chikumbiro kuburikidza neSVB nemvumo yemativi ese uye A1 iri mufaira. Kana zvikasadaro, kunyoreswa kwekunze uye mihoro yevashandi zvinogadziriswa zuva rekutanga risati rasvika, kwete mushure meizvozvo.
• Kutenderera kwekuongorora. Zvikamu zvese zvinotarisirwa kumberi, saka ongorora kanenge gore rega rega uye nekukurumidza kana paine shanduko yepekugara, basa, maitiro ekushanda kana maawa.

Rondedzero: mushandi anokumbira kushanda ari kunze kwenyika

• Inyika ipi, uye iri muEU, EEA kana Switzerland?
• Inguvai yekushanda kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri iri kuuya?
• Ibasa repaindaneti here, kana kuti pachava nekushanyirwa kwevatengi kana basa repaindaneti ikoko?
• Ko huwandu hwevanhu vanogara munyika hunoramba huri pasi pe25% here, huri pakati pe25% ne50%, kana kuti hunosvika 50% here?
• Nyika dzese dziri mbiri dzakasaina here, uye chikumbiro chakaitwa here uye A1 yakawanikwa here?
• Kana zvisina kudaro, kunyoreswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vekunze kwakarongwa here zuva rekutanga risati rasvika?
• Mushandi wacho anogona kunge achigara achishanda ikoko nechinangwa che art. 8 Rome I, uye chii chinodiwa kuti nyika iyoyo imudzivirire pakudzingwa basa?
• Basa iri — kuva mukuru, kusaina chibvumirano, kushanda kwevatengi — zvinopa njodzi yekugara kwenguva refu here?
• Pane mupi wezano wemitero akasimbisa here chinzvimbo chemubhadharo munyika dzese dziri mbiri?
• Nzvimbo yebasa kumba inoongororwa, ine midziyo uye ine inishuwarenzi here, ine nzira yekushuma zviitiko here?
• Pane here kugadziriswa kwemari kubva kunze kweEEA kwakavharwa nenzira yekutumira mari?
• Pane here chinyorwa chakasainwa, chinogona kuchinjwa uye zuva rekuongorora rakarongwa mudhayari?

Law & More inopa mazano kuvashandirwi muNetherlands nezvekushanda vari kure: chikumbiro cheA1 kuburikidza neSVB, kunyoreswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vekunze uye kunyoreswa kwemari yemuhoro uko Chibvumirano cheFramework chisingasviki, mutemo webasa unoshanda pamusoro pechibvumirano cheDutch, uye mutemo nekuwedzera zvinochengetedza chibvumirano chinogona kubviswa. Kana mushandi akakumbira kushanda ari kunze kwenyika, ndapota taura nesu usati watanga chirongwa pane kuti mushure mekubhadharwa kwekutanga.