Mota dzinozvityaira hadzisisiri chiitiko chemangwana chete. Mota dzine mabasa ekuzvifambisa dzinosvika kure dzatova mumigwagwa yeDutch, nepo kuyedza mota dzisina mutyairi ari mumotokari kuchigoneka pamutemo pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu kuburikidza nechikamu 149aa ndima 1 yeMutemo weRoad Traffic. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo wekuti ndiani ane mhosva kana mota yakadaro ikakonzera tsaona zvichikonzera kukuvara kana kufa. Mhinduro pfupi ndeyekuti mutemo wemhosva weDutch uchiri kutanga kubva kuvanhu kana masangano akajairika, senge mutyairi, mushandi, kana sangano repamutemo riri shure kwehurongwa. Sisitimu inozvimiririra haisi nyaya yemhosva pachayo.
Mhosva dzemumugwagwa dzekare senzvimbo yekutanga
Panotangira nyaya dzemhosva dzemumugwagwa dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzeMutemo weMugwagwa we1994. Chinyorwa 6 chinoita kuti tsaona yemumugwagwa inokonzerwa nekukanganisa kunokonzera rufu kana kukuvara kwakanyanya mumuviri ive mhosva. Chinyorwa 5 uye, kubvira 1 Ndira 2020, chikamu 5a chinoshanda semitemo yekuisa mungozi yakareruka uye inorema zvichiteerana, uye zvese zvinoshanda kunyangwe pasina kukuvara kwakaitika; muganhu uripo pakati pefaindi yekutonga nemhosva yemumugwagwa unoiswa ipapo. Hurongwa hwemutongo hunotevera kubva muzvikamu 175, 176, 178 na179, kusanganisira chirango chekuwedzera chekurambidzwa kutyaira.
Mutemo wekusimbisa mhosva pasi pechinyorwa chechitanhatu wakaoma uye une hunyanzvi. Dare reDunhu reLimburg rakati hazvigone kutaurwa zvakazara kana kutyorwa kwemutemo kamwe chete kwemotokari kwakakwanira kukanganisa, nekuti ongororo inofanira kutarisa maitiro acho ese, hunhu uye kukomba kwemhosva yacho, pamwe nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu enyaya yacho. Mutongo weDare reDunhu reGelderland unoratidza izvi zvakajeka: chikanganiso chimwe chete chekutyaira, chinosanganisira kusakwanisa kudzora mota zvakakwana, chakaita sengozi pasi pechinyorwa chechishanu asi kwete kushaya hanya kunodiwa nechinyorwa chechitanhatu. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi ndiwo unosarudza chirango mushure metsaona yemotokari yakakomba.
Kune mota dzinozvishandira dzega, musiyano uyu unokosha. Kana mutyairi wemotokari achinyanya kuvimba nesystem, asingateereri yambiro, kana kushandisa mota iri kunze kwenzvimbo yaanobvumirwa kushanda, mhosva yemhosva inoramba iri nyore kufunga. Asi kana system yacho pachayo ikakanganisa pasina mutariri wemotokari akambofanira kana kuti akakwanisa kupindira, kushandisa article 6 kunova kwakaoma zvikuru.
Zvinoratidzwa netsika yeDutch iripo iye zvino
Mvumo yemhando iyi yakapihwa musi wa10 Kubvumbi 2026 yeFSD Supervised system mumotokari dzeTesla inoratidza kuti regulator inoronga sei hukama uhwu parizvino. Iyi mvumo yemhando yeEurope ine, parizvino, permission yenguva pfupi muNetherlands chete: RDW inofanirwa kuiendesa kuEuropean Commission, mushure mezvo nyika dziri nhengo dzinosarudza permission yekushanda muUnion yese. RDW inosimbisa kuti mota ine FSD Supervised haisi yekuzvityaira. Iyi isystem yekubatsira mutyairi inogona kutora mabasa mazhinji ekutyaira, nepo mutyairi achiramba aine mutoro uye anofanira kukwanisa kupindira nguva dzese. Masensa anotarisa kana mutyairi achiramba akatarisa mumugwagwa uye maoko ake aripo kuti atore vhiri nekukasika. Kana kungwarira kusina kukwana, zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvinotevera, uye system inogona kudzimwa kwenguva pfupi.
Muenzaniso uyu unosimbisa mutsetse wakatorwa mumatare edzimhosva. Chero bedzi sisitimu ichibvumidzwa zviri pamutemo uye nehunyanzvi sesisitimu yekubatsira mutyairi pane kuti ive sisitimu inozvitonga zvizere, mutyairi anoramba ari iye anotaurwa nemitemo iri muchikamu 5 ne6. Saka kubvumidzwa kwerudzi urwu hakuchinje chinhu nezvekutanga kwemutoro wemunhu, ukuwo kuchijekesa kuti tekinoroji iri kushanda inotopfuura kudzora kwechikepe, izvo zvinoita kuti kuongororwa kwechokwadi kwemhosva uye mhosva munyaya yemunhu mumwe nemumwe kuve kwakaoma.
Maitiro ekuyedza mota dzisina mutyairi
Mutemo wakasiyana unoshanda kumotokari dzisina mutyairi ari mumotokari pachayo. Pasi pechikamu 149aa cheMutemo weMigwagwa, Gurukota rinogona kupa mvumo yekuregedza (kurega) kuyedza kwerudzi irworwo, mushure mekubvunza Gurukota rezvemitemo nekuchengetedzwa, uye mvumo iyi inogona kurerutsa kuyedza kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana pasi peMutemo. Chikamu 149ab chinoganhurira mvumo yakadaro kusvika kumakore matatu uye chinotara zvinofanira kunyorwa, kusanganisira tsananguro yekuyedza, migwagwa nenguva dzazvingaitika, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuitwa, matanho ekuchengetedza anotorwa, uye nzira yazvinotariswa uye kuongororwa. Chisingaitwe nekuregererwa uku kubvisa mutoro wemhosva wemunhu akasarudzwa semutyairi, chero munhu iyeye aripo panyama: mitemo yengozi nekukanganisa yechikamu 5 ne6 inoramba ichishanda kuyedza. Manyoro iwayo haasi kungori maitiro ekutonga; mushure mechiitiko chinowanzova sosi yekutanga yehumbowo hwekuti ndiani aifanira kunge achitarisa, uye kubva kupi.
Mutoro wesangano repamutemo
Kana chikanganiso chisingagone kunzi chakakonzerwa nemunhu anoshandisa mugwagwa, sangano repamutemo rinoonekwa. Chikamu 51 ndima 1 yeCriminal Code chinobvumira pachena kuti masangano epamutemo amhan'arwe mhosva, pamwe nekumhan'arwa kwemukuru wekambani kana munhu akatungamira maitiro akarambidzwa. Panyaya yemotokari dzinozvityaira dzega izvi zvinogona kukodzera vagadziri, makambani esoftware, kana vashandisi, semuenzaniso kana software yakagadziriswa isina kunaka ikaburitswa, yambiro dzekuchengetedza dzinozivikanwa dzikasateererwa, kana kuti mota dzikaiswa mumotokari dzichiziva uku paine matambudziko ekuchengetedza anozivikanwa. Kungoti software inokanganisa hazvina kukwana. Nyaya yacho inofanira kuteverwa kumashure kune sarudzo dzakasimba, dzine mhosva, dzakadai senzira dzisina kukwana dzekuyedza, kudzokororwa kwakaregeredzwa, kana mirairo yakatungamira kune maitiro akarambidzwa.
Chikonzero sechipingamupinyi chakasiyana
Nemotokari dzinozvitonga kana kuti dzine mota dzinozvitonga zvishoma, zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinowanzoenderana, zvakaita sekukanganisa kwekutarisira vanhu, kukanganisa kwesoftware, kusashanda zvakanaka kwesensa, data remapu risina kunaka, kana maitiro evamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Kutyorwa kwemutemo uye mhedzisiro ine chekuita nemhosva hazvingoitika zvoga. Mufananidzo wedare reDunhu reNorth Holland, iro rakati Tesla yakamiswa nenguva yakatyora cheni yechikonzero. Munyaya dzemangwana dzine chekuita nekutyaira otomatiki, zvichagara zvichifanira kusimbiswa zvakasiyana kuti zvikanganiso zvakaonekwa, kwete chimwe chinhu, ndizvo zvakakonzera tsaona nemigumisiro yayo.
Matambudziko euchapupu ane chekuita nedata rehunyanzvi
Kana nyaya dzemotokari dzekare dzichiwanzo shanda nekuda kwekumhanya, kuona, kureba uye nguva yekuita, kutyaira otomatiki kunowedzera shanduro dzesoftware, data rekurekodha data rezviitiko, magwaro emotokari, data remasensa uye nhoroondo yekuvandudza. Dare reEuropean Court of Human Rights rinoziva kuti manyuko ehumbowo emagetsi nehunyanzvi anogona kumutsa mibvunzo chaiyo yechokwadi uye kuvimbika, uye kuti kuramba humbowo hwekudzivirira munyaya dzakaoma kunofanirwa kufungwa nemazvo zvichienderana nechikamu 6 cheChibvumirano. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu aya apo dziviriro inokumbira mukana wekuwana data renzvimbo, telemetry yemotokari, kana nyanzvi yakazvimiririra mukuita sarudzo dzealgorithmic.
Muganho wakatarwa nechikamu 7 cheChibvumirano
Nheyo yepamutemo pasi pechikamu 7 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights inoisa muganho wakajeka pane chero kuwedzera kwemhosva dzemhosva. Mhosva dzemhosva dzinofanira kubva pamitemo inowanikwa uye inotarisirwa uye inoonekwa. Kutsanangurwa kwemitemo iripo kunobvumirwa nedare, asi kuwedzera kwayo zvisina tsarukano kana kusingatarisirwi hakubvumirwi. Kune mota dzinozvitonga izvi zvinoreva kuti kusavapo kwemutemo wetekinoroji hakugoneki, asi zvinoreva kuti mhosva inofanira kunge yakavakirwa pamitemo iripo, yakajeka zvakakwana. Mutemo wemhosva haugone kuvaka mhosva nekuda kwekusagutsikana kwevanhu nemhedzisiro yakakomba.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Mutyairi anogara aine mhosva here mutsaona yemotokari inozvityaira?
Kwete. Mutyairi anoramba ari iye anotaurwa nemutemo uri muchikamu 5 ne6 cheMutemo weRoad Traffic, asi kana aine mhosva yemhosva zvinoenderana nekuti anogona kupomerwa here. Kana akashandisa sisitimu nemazvo, munzvimbo yaibvumidzwa kushanda, uye asina kupindira zvine musoro, kushaya hanya kuri muchirevo chechikamu 6 kwakaoma kuona.
Mugadziri wemotokari anogona kupomerwa mhosva here nekuda kwetsaona?
Mukufunga kuti hongu, zvichibva pachikamu 51 cheCriminal Code, asi chete kana tsaona yacho ichigona kuteverwa kumashure kune sarudzo chaiyo, ine mhosva yekuronga, senge maitiro ekuyedza asina kukwana, kusateerera yambiro dzinozivikanwa dzekuchengetedza, kana kuburitsa software update isina kunaka. Kungoti software inokanganisa hakuna kukwana kuti mugadziri ape mhosva.
Ko kubvumidzwa kwemhando yeTesla FSD inotariswa kunoreva here kuti mota iyi inotyaira yega?
Kwete. RDW yakasimbisa pachena kuti FSD Supervised inzira yekubatsira mutyairi yepamusoro kwete nzira yekuzvityaira wega. Mutyairi anoramba aine mutoro, anofanira kuramba akatarisa mumugwagwa, uye anofanira kukwanisa kupindira nekukasika. Izvi zvinewo mhedzisiro yemutemo wemhosva, nekuti mutyairi anoramba ari iye anotaurwa nemitemo iri muchikamu 5 ne6.
Zvinotenderwa here kutyaira mota dzisina mutyairi muNetherlands?
Mukati mechirongwa chekuedza icho Gurukota rakapa mvumo pasi pechinyorwa 149aa. Kunyangwe zvakadaro zvinyorwa 5 ne6 zvinoramba zvichishanda zvizere, mvumo yacho inoshanda kwemakore matatu chete, uye inofanira kunyora migwagwa, nguva, mamiriro ezvinhu, matanho ekuchengetedza uye kutarisa zvinoshanda.
Ruzivo rwemotokari rwakadai semagwaro nedata remasensa rinoita basa rei munyaya dzemhosva?
Basa rinokosha uye riri kukura. Mukutyaira otomatiki, zvinowanzodiwa kuvimba nesoftware, data rekutora data rezviitiko, data remasensa, uye kugadzirisa nhoroondo kuti zvionekwe chaizvo zvakaitika uye kana paine hukama hwakakonzerwa netsaona. Rudzi urwu rwehumbowo hwehunyanzvi hunomutsa mibvunzo yaro nezvekuvimbika uye kugona kwekudzivirira.
Munhu anganzi ane mhosva here nekuti mutemo hauna mitemo chaiyo yemotokari dzinozvityaira?
Kwete. Nheyo yepamutemo pasi pechikamu 7 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights haibvumiri kuti mutoro uwedzere nekuti mhedzisiro yacho inoita seisina kugutsa munharaunda. Mutoro unofanirwa kugara uchikwanisa kuvakirwa pane zviripo, zvakajeka zvakakwana.
Mutemo wezvemhosva wekutyaira otomatiki
Parizvino Netherlands ine hurongwa hwemutemo wemhosva hunoshanda, kunyange husina chekuita netekinoroji, hwetsaona dzinobatanidza mota dzinozvishandira. Hurongwa ihwohwo huchiri kutarisa pamhosva dzevanhu nedzesangano, kwete pahurongwa hwemotokari dzinozvishandira semunhu anozvishandira. Rudzi rwemvumo yeTesla FSD Supervised runoratidza kuti mutongi, zvakare, anotevedzera mutemo uyu, nekunyora zvakajeka kuti mutyairi anoramba aine mhosva. Muzviitiko zvinotevera, mibvunzo mitatu ichave yakakosha. Ndiani aive munhu aitaurirwa mutemo, kuti ndeipi mhosva chaiyo inogona kupomerwa, uye tsaona inogona kunzi yakakonzerwa nemhosva iyoyo here zvichikonzerwa nezvikonzero uye pachena. Kune vagadziri, vashandisi nevagadziri vemapurogiramu, saka zvakakosha kunyora nemazvo maitiro ekuyedza, kugadzirisa maitiro uye mabasa emukati, kuitira kuti mushure mechiitiko zvive pachena kuti ndeapi sarudzo dzakaitwa uye naani. Kana uine mibvunzo nezvemhosva yemhosva maererano ne automation yemotokari, kana kuti uri kubatanidzwa munyaya iyo nyaya iyi inobatanidzwa, timu yedu yemutemo wemhosva iripo kuti ipe mazano kune vatyairi nemakambani.
