Kana iwe kana nhengo yemhuri yako yakasungwa muNetherlands, mutengo wegweta rekudzivirira unowanzova mubvunzo wechipiri, mushure mekunge "chii chinoitika chinotevera?". Mhinduro yacho inoenderana nekuti ndiani anobhadhara. Maitiro emhosva muDutch ane chirongwa chegweta rebasa chinosvika kumusungwa otomatiki uye hachina muripo wemusungwa, uye rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa runofukidza nyaya dzakawanda dzemhosva zvakananga. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura nzira yega yega, zvainofukidza, uye kuti ndedzipi mari dzinogona kubhadharwa nehurumende pabhiri rako.
Mufananidzo wemutengo pachidimbu
Zvinhu zvishanu zvakasiyana zvinogona kuoneka pabhiri rekudzivirira mhosva. Zvinotongwa nemitemo yakasiyana, saka zvichengetedzei zvakasiyana.
| Mutengo chikamu | Ndiani anobhadhara | Pazvinoshanda |
|---|---|---|
| Gweta rebasa (piket) pachiteshi chemapurisa | The state | Zvichiitika, kune vanofungidzirwa kuti vakasungwa |
| Gweta rakapihwa basa rekubatsira pamutemo (toevoeging) | Hurumende, zvichienderana nemupiro wemunhu oga | Kwaunopfuura bvunzo yehunhu, kana kuti pane kusapindira munyaya dzemhosva kunoshanda |
| Mupiro wemunhu (eigen bijdrage) | iwe | Kana rubatsiro rwemutemo rukapihwa nemupiro; kazhinji hapana mumhosva dzemhosva |
| Mari dzinobhadharwa pachivande | iwe | Kana usingade rubatsiro rwemutemo, kana kuti uchida kubhadhara uri wega |
| Migumisiro yemhedzisiro | Iwe, kana ukatongerwa mhosva | Faindi, muripo wemunhu akakuvadzwa, mari yekuunganidza |
Hapana chimwe chinhu chinoratidzwa: hapana muripo wedare (griffierecht) kune ari kupomerwa mhosva munyaya dzemhosva. Mari yedare ndeyekutongwa kwematare edzimhosva nekutonga.
Kusungwa: chirongwa chegweta rebasa (piket)
Matauriro anoitwa gweta iwe usina kufonera rimwe
Mutemo weMaitiro Emhosva (Wetboek van Strafvordering) unopa munhu wese anofungirwa kodzero yekubatsirwa negweta, muchikamu 28. Kune munhu anosungwa kodzero iyoyo inoonekwa seyechokwadi nebasa rekuzivisa: pasi pechikamu 28b mapurisa anozivisa Bhodhi reRubatsiro rweMutemo (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand) kuti munhu ari kufungirwa ari kusungwa, uye Bhodhi rinopa gweta kubva kuboka rebasa. Iyi ndiyo nzira yepiket. Haufanire kuziva zita regweta, kutaura chiDutch, kana kuva nemari muakaundi yako: yakagadzirirwa kushanda kana usina chimwe chezvinhu izvozvo.
Kodzero mbiri dzinotevera. Pasi pechikamu 28c, munhu anenge asungwa anogona kubvunza gweta asati abvunzurudzwa kekutanga nemapurisa, kwemaminetsi anosvika makumi matatu. Pasi pechikamu 28d, gweta rinogona kupinda kubvunzurudzwa uye kupindira panguva yekubvunzurudzwa. Gweta harigone kukupindura mibvunzo, asi rinogona kutsanangura kodzero yako yekuramba wakanyarara uye kuramba kana paine kumanikidzwa; tinotsanangura mashandiro anoita izvozvo muchinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekusungwa nekubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa.
Rubatsiro rwekutanga urwu harubhadhariswi kune munhu ari kupomerwa mhosva: hurumende inobhadhara gweta riri pabasa. Kana wasungwa wochengetwa, uri pasi pemakore gumi nemasere, kana kuti uchifungirwa mhosva yakakura, gweta iroro rekutanga haribhadhariswe mari.
Izvo zvisingafukidzwe nepiket
Piket inodzivirira nyaya yekukurumidzira, kwete kumiririra nyaya yese. Inosanganisira kubvunzana usati wabvunzurudzwa, kupinda mubvunzurudzo dzemapurisa uye matanho ekutanga ekuvharirwa, uye inopera kana chikumbiro chekukuvharira (kuchenjerera kwemutemo) chagadziriswa nemutongi wedare. Mushure meizvozvo, nyaya yacho inofanira kutorwa pabasa rakakodzera kana kuti pachivande.
Mimwe miganhu miviri inokosha. Gweta riri pabasa ndere chero ani zvake ari parondedzero husiku ihwohwo: hauna kuvasarudza uye haufanirwe kuvachengeta. Uye kana usina kusungwa asi wakangokokwa kubvunzurudzo semunhu anofungidzirwa kuti ari kupomerwa mhosva, piket kazhinji haishande, saka unowanzo ronga nekubhadhara gweta iwe pachako kunze kwekunge uchikodzera rubatsiro rwegweta.
Gweta rakasarudzwa kana gweta raunosarudza wega
Maitiro ekuDutch anosiyanisa pakati pemunhu anonzi toegevoegde raadsman , gweta rakapihwa neLegal Aid Board, uye munhu anonzi gekozen raadsman , gweta raunodzidzisa iwe pachako. Musiyano uyu unosanganisira kuti gweta rakasvika sei pakuita zvinhu, kwete mhando yekudzivirira kana masimba egweta. Vese vane mukana wakafanana wekuwana faira, kodzero imwe chete yekupinda kubvunzurudzo nekunzwa nyaya, uye mabasa akafanana kwauri.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushaikwa nemasangano epasi rose ndechekuti mapoka maviri aya anopindirana. Gweta raunosarudza iwe pachako rinogonawo kushanda pabasa rawakapihwa: kana ukasarudza kambani nekuti inoshanda muchiRungu, kambani iyoyo inogona kunyorera kuBhodhi kuti inyoreswe, chero bedzi yakanyoreswa neBhodhi uye iwe uchizadzisa zvinodiwa. Kusarudza gweta rako pachako hazvirevi kuti unorega rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa nemari.
Unogonawo kuchinja. Kana gweta riri pabasa rikauya kukamba yemapurisa uye uchida kuudza mumwe munhu nezvenyaya yacho, gweta idzva rinotora basa racho. Chinonetsa inguva, kwete musimboti, saka tanga waita izvi nekukurumidza.
Rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa nerubatsiro: kutaurwa kwenyaya
Rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa rwunobva kuMutemo weRubatsiro rweMutemo (Wet op de rechtsbijstand), uyo unobata nyaya dzemhosva muchitsauko chawo, zvinyorwa 43 kusvika 44a. Kana basa rikapihwa, Bhodhi rinobhadhara gweta rako mari yakatarwa inoverengerwa kubva kuhurongwa hwemapoinzi uye iwe unobhadhara mupiro wemunhu wega. Kukosha kwemapoinzi uye mapoinzi parudzi rwenyaya zvinoiswa nemutemo uye zvinonyorwa indekisi gore rega rega, ndosaka makambani maviri ari pabasa rimwe chete achiwana muripo wakafanana.
Bvunzo yemutengo uye gore rekutarisa
Kukodzera kunoedzwa pamari inowanikwa uye mari, uye pagore rapfuura pane zvaunowana nhasi. Gore rekutarisa ( peiljaar ) ndiro gore rechipiri rekarenda risati rasvika gore rekunyorera, uye Bhodhi rinotora mari yako inobvisirwa mutero ( verzamelinkomen ) uye mari yako yebhokisi rechitatu yegore iroro zvakananga kubva kudata rehurumende yemitero.
Mari inowanikwa uye mari inowanikwa haisi muMutemo weLegal Aid pachawo. Izvi zvakagadziriswa muBesluit eigen bijdrage rechtsbijstand, inogadziriswa musi wa1 Ndira wega wega uye inoburitswa neRaad voor Rechtsbijstand pawebhusaiti yayo, saka tsvagai gore ramunonyorera pane kuvimba nenhamba yakataurwa munyaya. Mari dzakaparadzana, dzakakwirira dzinoshanda kana muine mumwe kana kuti muri mubereki mumwe chete.
Kana mari yako yadzikira zvakanyanya kubva mugore rawakatarisa, unogona kukumbira kuti iendeswe kugore razvino. Izvi zvinokanganisa , uye chikumbiro chinofanira kusvika kuBhodhi mukati memavhiki matanhatu kubva pasarudzo yekutanga, nguva pfupi iri nyore kupotsa apo nyaya yemhosva iri kuenderera mberi.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha munyaya dzemhosva
Heino chikamu chinoshandura mufananidzo wevakawanda vanofungirwa mhosva vakasungwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvemhosva, basa rinopihwa pasina kuyedzwa kwemari. Kana munhu afungirwa mhosva akatorwa akavharirwa mujeri, basa racho rinotanga nekuvharirwa pacharo kwete kubva pakuongororwa kwemari. Izvi zvinoshandawo kana muchuchisi wehurumende kana dare richikumbira Bhodhi kuti riburitse rimwe.
Mugumisiro unoshanda ndewekuti munhu anenge afungirwa kuti haana mari yakawanda yekubatsirwa pamutemo mukurambana anogona kumiririrwa pabasa repamutemo munyaya yemhosva, nekuti kuvharirwa kusati kwatanga kutongwa kunotanga zvisinei nemari inowanikwa. Chikamu ichi chinoshanda kuburikidza neMutemo weRubatsiro rweMutemo (Wet op de rechtsbijstand): Chikamu 43 chinotaura nezvebasa regweta uye mabasa anoitwa nedare kana muchuchisi pachake, ayo anopihwa pasina bvunzo yezvekushandisa, nepo Chikamu 44 chichitaura nezvebasa repamutemo, iro mari nemari inoongororwa. Gweta rako richakuudza pamusangano wekutanga kuti hwaro hupi hunoshanda.
Mupiro wega wega (eigen bijdrage)
Kana rubatsiro rwemutemo rwuchipihwa nenzira yakajairika, unobhadhara mupiro wemunhu wega. Hausi chikamu chemari yegweta: imari yakatarwa nebhendi, nebhendi inotsanangurwa nemari yako mugore rekutarisa, kuitira kuti mari yakaderera ibhadhare mupiro mudiki uye mari yepamusoro ichiri mukati megore rekutarisa inobhadhara yakawanda. Mabhendi nemari yacho zvakaiswa muBesluit eigen bijdrage rechtsbijstand, inonyorwa musi wa1 Ndira wega wega uye inoburitswa neRaad voor Rechtsbijstand; chiyero chakasiyana, chakaderera chinoshanda paunotanga watora zano kubva kuJuridisch Loket.
Munyaya dzemhosva, mupiro wacho unowanzova pasina. Hapana anopomerwa kana muchuchisi wehurumende kana dare rakakumbira Bhodhi kuti ripe basa, uye rubatsiro rwegweta panguva yekuvharirwa nemapurisa ( inverzekeringstelling ) harubviswi zvachose pamupiro wemunhu. Mamiriro ezvinhu ayo vanhu vanotya zvikuru bhiri iri ndiwo anowanzova madiki.
Mupiro wakabhadharwa haurasikirwi nguva dzose. Kana nyaya yacho ikaguma nekusunungurwa kana chisarudzo chekusapomera ( sepot ), mupiro wakabhadharwa nemupomerwi unogona kudzoserwa kubva kuhurumende nechikumbiro pasi pechikamu 530 Sv, pamwe chete nemari yasara yenyaya yacho (ona pazasi). Mumatare edzimhosva kazhinji, apo rimwe divi rinorayirwa kubhadhara mari yako yematare, mupiro wacho unogona kudzoserwa kana kubhadharwa pane kuti iwe utore.
Kubhadhara pachivande
Kunze kwerubatsiro rwemutemo, kudzivirirwa kwemhosva kunobhadhariswa nenzira imwe yenzira nhatu, dzimwe nguva dzichibatanidzwa.
- Mutengo weawa. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa. Mutengo unoratidza hukuru uye hunyanzvi, uye VAT inowedzerwa kune vatengi vega. Mari dzakadai sevaturikiri, mishumo yenyanzvi uye kufamba zvinobhadhariswa pamusoro.
- Fixed fee. Zvinopihwa pabasa rine muganho wakajeka: kupinda mubvunzurudzo yemapurisa, kunzwa kamwe chete pamberi pemutongi wezvematongerwo enyika, kuramba mutemo wechirango. Zvinoshanda panogona kufanotaurwa, uye zvinowanzotaurwa padanho rega rega kwete padanho rese renyaya yacho.
- Mari yekuchengetedza kana yekubhadhara pachine nguva. Makambani anowanzo kumbira muripo wemari vasati vatanga basa remhosva rinobhadharwa vari vega, zvichitorwa kubva pamainvoice enguva pfupi. Iyi ndiyo tsika yakajairika, inodzorwa nemitemo yehunyanzvi.
Chinonyanya kukonzera kukura kwebhiri rekudzivirira mhosva kashoma mari yeawa; ihuwandu hwebasa. Faira rine zviuru zvemapeji, ruzivo rwenharembozha kana rwemari runoda kuongororwa, zvikumbiro kuna magistrate anoongorora kuti anzwe zvapupu, mushumo wepfungwa, kutongwa kwemazuva akawanda, kukwidza nyaya, muturikiri pamusangano wega wega: chimwe nechimwe chinowedzera maawa. Ndizvo zvinoitawo kuvharirwa, nekuti kushanya mujeri kunotora nguva nekufamba.
Bvunzai nezvemubhadharo mukunyora musati maudza chero ani zvake. Gweta rekuDutch rinofanira kukupai tsamba yekuroorana inotsanangura muripo, kuti inofukidza chii uye kuti mari inobhadharwa inobatwa sei, uye rinofanira kukuudzai kana muchifanira kukodzera basa racho.
Mari inogona kubhadhariswa nehurumende
Kutongwa, kana kugamuchira murairo wechirango, zvinogona kutakura migumisiro yemari kupfuura gweta rako.
- Mitero yefaindi nemirau yezvirango. Faindi inotongwa nedare, kana nebazi rezvekupomera mhosva kana paine chirango (strafbeschikking), inotorwa neCentral Judicial Collection Agency (CJIB).
- Mari dzekutonga nedzekuunganidza. CJIB inowedzera muripo wekutonga wakagadzika kune faindi yega yega yainounganidza uye inoshandisa kuwedzerwa kwemutemo kana ukanonoka kubhadhara. Mari yacho inogadziriswa nemutemo uye inogadziriswa nguva nenguva; mari iripo inotaurwa pazviziviso zvekubhadhara uye pawebhusaiti yeCJIB. Kune faindi dzemumugwagwa pasi peWahv kuwedzera kwekutanga i50% yefaindi uye kwechipiri imwe 100%, saka faindi isina kubhadharwa inogona kuguma yakapetwa kakawanda saizi yayo yepakutanga.
- Muripo kune akakuvadzwa. Dare rinogona kuraira munhu akabatwa nemhosva kuti aripe kurasikirwa kwemunhu akabatwa senzira inotevedzerwa nehurumende (art. 36f Sr), saka munhu akabatwa nemhosva haafanirwe kumhan'arira mumwe chete. Pasi pechirongwa chekubhadhara mari yepamberi, hurumende inotora matanho mumwedzi misere mushure mekunge danho iri rave kushanda, yobhadhara munhu akabatwa nemhosva ichiripo yozotevera munhu wacho nekuda kweizvozvo. Pamhosva dzechisimba nedzepabonde, mari yepamberi ndiyo yakakwana, isina muganho; pamhosva dzinopesana nepfuma inovharirwa pamutengo wepamusoro unotarwa nemutemo uye unonyorwa, uye unoburitswa neCentraal Justitieel Incassobureau.
- Mupiro wakajairika kumari inoshandiswa muhurongwa hwekutonga mhosva. Zvikumbiro zvekuti vanhu vane mhosva vabatsire pakubhadhara mari yekupomerwa mhosva yavo uye yekubatsira vanhu vakabatwa nemhosva zvakapihwa kanopfuura kamwe chete, asi hapana mukuru wezvemitemo bijdrage kosten strafvordering en slachtofferzorg yakambotanga kushanda, saka hapana chakadaro chinobhadhariswa.
Kudzoserwa mari yako mushure mekusunungurwa kana kudzingwa basa
Kana nyaya yako ikapera pasina chirango, nekusunungurwa kana nekuti yabviswa, unogona kunyorera kudare kuti uripwe. Zvikamu zviviri zveMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva zvinobata basa iri: chikamu 530, chinofukidza mari yegweta rako nedzimwe mari dzenyaya yacho, uye chikamu 533, chinofukidza nguva yaunopedza uri mujeri usati watongwa.
Chikumbiro chinofanira kuitwa mukati memwedzi mitatu kubva pakupera kwenyaya. Chinosarudzwa nedare rakabata nyaya yacho, pachikumbiro chakanyorwa chinogadzirwa negweta renyu. Zvinhu zvinokumbirwa zvinosanganisira mari yegweta, mari yekufambisa, uye kukuvara kwezvinhu nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semari yakarasika. Matare anoshanda nemari yakajairika yezuva nezuva yekuvharirwa, yakaburitswa muzvikamu zvekuongororwa kwemutongo uye yakanyorwa kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2026.
Miganhu miviri inokosha kuziva. Muripo hausi wega: dare rinoyera zvinonzwisisika uye rinogona kupa zvishoma pane zvakataurwa, kana kusapa. Uye hapana chiripo kwenguva yawakabatwa uchibvunzurudzwa.
Inishuwarenzi yemari yemutemo
Mhuri zhinji dzine inishuwarenzi yemari yepamutemo (rechtsbijstandverzekering), inowanzobatanidzwa nevhavha yemba kana mota. Munyaya dzemhosva, kushanda kwayo kushoma: mapolisi anowanzo bvisa mhosva dzemaune uye anongovhara nyaya dzekushaya hanya, kazhinji nyaya dzemumugwagwa. Tarisa mamiriro ezvinhu usati waraira chero ani zvake, nekuti veinishuwarenzi havawanzo kudzorera mari dzakashandiswa vasati vaziviswa nezvechikumbiro.
Kana mutemo wekuchengetedza mari ukapindura nyaya yacho yoendeswa kudare, mutemo weEurope neDutch unopa munhu ane inishuwarenzi kodzero yekusarudza gweta rake, iro kambani yeinishuwarenzi inofanira kupa mari mukati memiganhu yemutemo wekuchengetedza mari. Kana uchida kushandisa kambani yaunosarudza iwe pane kambani yeinishuwarenzi, taura izvozvo pakutanga.
chii Law & More Unogona kuita
Sarudzo inodhura zvikuru munyaya dzemhosva inowanzoitwa mumaawa ekutanga, munhu asati ambokurukura nezvemari: zvaunotaura mubvunzurudzo yemapurisa. Law & More anomirira vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vanofungidzirwa kubva pakubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga kusvika pakutongwa nekukwidzwa kwenyaya, anonyorera rubatsiro rwemutemo kana rwuripo, uye anotora mashoko ekunyora kana rusiripo. Kana usina chokwadi kana nyaya yako ichitoda gweta, chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pe kana uchida gweta rekudzivirira mhosva inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga. Tibatei musati mabvunzwa, kwete mushure mekunge mabvunzwa.
Gweta repabasa pakamba yemapurisa rakandibhadharisa mari here?
Kwete. Kana wasungwa uye uri kuchengetwa, hurumende inobhadhara gweta rawakapihwa basa kuburikidza nechirongwa chepiket, kusanganisira kubvunzana usati wabvunzurudzwa kekutanga uye kupinda mubvunzurudzo dzemapurisa. Haubhadhariswi mari uye hapana mupiro wemunhu wega unobhadharwa parubatsiro irworwo. Runopera kana chikumbiro chekudzoserwa chemhosva chagadziriswa, mushure mezvo nyaya yacho inofanira kuenderera mberi nebasa kana kuti pachivande.
Ndinowana mari yakawanda. Ndingawana gweta ripi zvaro here kana paine mhosva?
Kazhinji hongu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvemhosva apo munhu anenge apomerwa mhosva anenge aendeswa kujeri asati apomerwa mhosva, basa racho rinopihwa pasina mari yaanobhadhara kana kuyedzwa, nekuti kusungwa kwacho ndiko kunokonzera izvozvo. Mari yakajairika uye miganhu yemari, yakaedzwa mugore rekutarisa makore maviri chikumbiro chisati chaitwa, inoshanda kune nzira yekubatsira pamutemo pane kune mabasa emhosva.
Ndingasarudza gweta rangu ndoga here asi ndichiwana mari yehurumende?
Ehe. Gweta raunodzidzisa iwe pachako, gekozen raadsman, rinogonawo kukumbira rubatsiro rwemutemo, chero bedzi kambani yakanyoreswa neLegal Aid Board uye zvinodiwa zvazadzikiswa. Hamusungirwi kuchengeta gweta rebasa raive parondedzero husiku hwamakasungwa; munogona kuchinja kuenda kukambani yamakasarudzira, uye zviri nani kuzviita nekukurumidza.
Ndinofanira kubhadhara mari yedare here kuti ndidzivirire nyaya yemhosva?
Kwete. Mari dzedare, griffierechten, dziripo mumatare edzimhosva nekutonga, kwete kune vanopomerwa mhosva mumatare edzimhosva. Hapana muripo wekutumira nyaya kana munhu apomerwa mhosva, kana kupokana nemutemo wechirango, kana kukwidza nyaya yekupomerwa mhosva. Migumisiro yemari mumatare edzimhosva inobva mumhedzisiro: faindi, muripo wakarairwa wemunhu akakuvadzwa, uye muripo wekuunganidza wakawedzerwa nesangano rekuunganidza mari.
Chii chinoita kuti dziviriro imwe yemhosva idhure kupfuura imwe?
Huwandu hwebasa pane muripo weawa. Hukuru hwefaira renyaya, kana zvapupu kana nyanzvi zvichifanira kunzwikwa nemutongi wedare, kana data rezvemari kana renhare rinofanira kuongororwa, kureba kwekutongwa, kana paine nyaya yekukwidza nyaya, kana uri mujeri uye uchida kushanyirwa mujeri, uye kana muturikiri achidiwa pamusangano wega wega. Kumbira fungidziro yakanyorwa padanho rega rega usati waraira.
Kana ndikasunungurwa, ndichadzoserwa mari dzangu dzematare here?
Unogona kunyorera, uye chikumbiro chinofanira kuitwa mukati memwedzi mitatu nyaya yapera. Zvinyorwa 530 ne533 zveMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva zvinofukidza mari yegweta nedzimwe mari, uye nguva inoshandiswa muhusungwa husati hwatongwa zvichiteerana. Mibairo haisi yega yega; dare rinoongorora zvine musoro uye rinogona kupa mari shoma pane yakakumbirwa. Hapana muripo uripo wenguva yekutanga yekubatwa kuti ubvunzurudzwe mushure mekusungwa.
