Corporate Lawyer
muNetherlands

Segweta remakambani muNetherlands, Law & More Inokutsigira mukuita bhizinesi: kutaurirana nekunyora zvibvumirano, kushanda nevatinoshanda navo pamwe chete nevanogovana navo, uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana nevatengesi, vatengi kana vatinoshanda navo mubhizinesi. Isu tinoshandira vemabhizinesi, vakatanga, vanoisa mari nemakambani epasi rose, muchiChirungu nechiDutch. Danho rekutanga musangano wekutanga wemahara watinokurukura mubvunzo wako nechero nguva yekupedzisira.

Mutengo wevatengi Law & More 9.6 kubva pa10 pa Klantenvertelle, puratifomu yekuongorora yeDutch (ongororo makumi masere nerimwe, kubva muna Gumiguru 2026).

Chii chatingakubatsira nacho?

Tinobatsira mabhizinesi panguva apo chimwe chinhu chiri panjodzi mukutengeserana. Misoro mizhinji ine peji rayo rine rumwe ruzivo:

• kutaurirana nekunyora zvibvumirano zvebhizinesi, zvakaita sezvibvumirano zvekupa, zvebasa uye zvekugovera: gweta rekondirakiti;
• kunyora zvirongwa zvebhizinesi pamwe chete kana kuti pamwe chete: zvibvumirano zvekushandira pamwe;
• kusawirirana nemumwe mugovani kana kusawirirana muBV: gweta remakakatanwa evagovani vemasheya;
• nyaya yekukupomera iwe semutungamiriri: mutoro wevatungamiriri muNetherlands;
• kutenga kana kutengesa kambani: gweta rekutenga mabhizinesi;
• kugadzira Dutch BV kana kambani yekubatsira: kuumbwa kwekambani muNetherlands;
• matambudziko ekubhadhara, kugadziriswa patsva kana kubhuroka kuri panjodzi: magweta ekubhuroka;
• rutsigiro rwemutemo rwezuva nezuva rwekambani yenyu: gweta rebhizimisi.

Mutemo wemakambani wekuDutch unonyanya kuwanikwa muBhuku rechipiri reDutch Civil Code (masangano epamutemo), uye mutemo wechibvumirano muBhuku rechitanhatu. Pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, tinousanganisa nemutemo wekusabhadhara zvikwereti nemutemo webasa.

Munoita sei kutaurirana nekusaina zvibvumirano pasina njodzi yakawanda?

Unoderedza njodzi nekuedza mitemo mikuru usati wataurirana uye kunyora chibvumirano chose uye zvakajeka usati wasaina. Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rinogadzirira hurukuro newe, rinoitisa panzvimbo yako kana zvichibatsira uye rinoshandura mhedzisiro yacho kuita chibvumirano chinoshanda.

Chibvumirano chakanaka chinovhara mutengo, kuendeswa kwenyaya, mutoro, nguva uye kuguma kwenyaya, mutemo unodzora uye kugadzirisa gakava. Muganho wemhosva uye chikamu chechirango zvinowanzovawo chikamu chayo. Pasi pemutemo weDutch, kutaurirana nemuromo nemae-mail zvinogona kutogadzira chibvumirano chinosunga. Saka tinokukurudzirawo usati wasimbisa quotation kana kusaina tsamba yechinangwa.

Kana muchibvumirana kuti hapana nguva yekubhadhara neimwe bhizinesi, nguva yekubhadhara yemazuva makumi matatu inoshanda nemutemo. Nguva yakabvumiranwa haifanirwe kudarika mazuva makumi matanhatu (Chinyorwa 6:119a cheDutch Civil Code). Kunonoka kubhadhara kunokonzera mubereko webhizinesi wepamutemo.

Chii chinofanira kufukidza mitemo nemipimo yenyu?

Mitemo nemipimo zvinofanirwa kupihwa chibvumirano chisati chapera kana kuti chapera (Zvinyorwa 6:233 na6:234 zveDutch Civil Code). Zvikasadaro mumwe munhu anogona kuzviramba.

Kune vatengi, runyoro rutema uye runyoro rwegrey rwezvisungo zvinorema zvisina musoro zvinoshandawo (Zvikamu 6:236 na 6:237). Makambani makuru, akadai seane vashandi makumi mashanu kana kupfuura, haafanire kuvimba nezvikonzero izvi zvekudzima chibvumirano. Kana mapato ese akashandisa mazwi avo, Chinyorwa 6:225 chinosarudza kuti ndechipi chinoshanda.

Ungagadzira sei kushandira pamwe chete nemumwe wako mubhizinesi?

Kushandira pamwe kunonyorwa muchibvumirano chekushandira pamwe, kana mukubatana neBV yayo kana mukatanga bhizinesi rekushandira pamwe. Kunotara mupiro webato rega rega, kupatsanurwa kwemari nemari inowanikwa, kutonga uye kuti bato rinogona kubuda sei.

Kana ukashanda pamwe chete nemukwikwidzi, mutemo wemakwikwi unoshanda. Chikamu 6 cheDutch Competition Act chinorambidza zvibvumirano zvinorambidza makwikwi, zvakaita sekugadzika mitengo uye kugovaniswa kwemusika. Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) inotarisira kutevedzera mitemo. Zvibvumirano zvefranchise zvinotongwa neDutch Franchise Act kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2021, kusanganisira nguva yekumira kwemavhiki mana usati wasaina.

Chii chaungaita kana ukakavadzana nemutengesi, mutengi kana mubatsiri webhizinesi?

Mukusawirirana kwebhizinesi, tanga wanyora maonero ako papepa: zvakabvumiranwa, chii chakakanganisika uye kurasikirwa kwaunowana. Chiziviso chekusaita chibvumirano, kutaurirana, uye kana izvozvo zvikakundikana, nyaya dzinowanzo tevera.

Kana bato rikatadza kuita basa, unogona kukumbira kuita basa, kukuvara kana kugumisa (Zvikamu 6:74 na 6:265 zveDutch Civil Code). Kazhinji unofanira kutanga wapa chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusaita basa nenguva yakakodzera yekuita basa (Chikamu 6:82). Kana ukagamuchira zvinhu kana masevhisi asina kunaka, unofanira kunyunyuta mukati menguva yakakodzera (Chikamu 6:89). Kumirira kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukutorera kodzero dzako.

Pama invoice asina kubhadharwa, chibatiso chemutongo (conservatoir beslag) chinogona kuva nesimba guru. Zvinoda mvumo kubva kumutongi werubatsiro rwekutanga. Zvikumbiro zvinosvika 25,000 euros zvinoenda kudare redunhu; zvikumbiro zvakakura zvinoenda kudare redunhu, kwaunoda gweta. Muzviitiko zvekukurumidzira, zvakaita semutengesi anongoerekana arega kupa, nyaya pfupi (kort geding) inogona kuita sarudzo mukati memavhiki.

Matambudziko mazhinji ebhizinesi anopera muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa nyaya (vaststellingsovereeenkomst). Gweta renyu remakambani muNetherlands rinotaurirana nezvekugadzirisa nyaya yacho richimiririra imi uye rinotonga nyaya kana zvichidikanwa.

Dare ripi rinotonga nyaya yekusawirirana pakati penyika?

Mukati meEU, kutonga uye kuzivikanwa kwekutongwa kunotevera kubva kuBrussels I bis Regulation. Kusarudzwa kwakajeka kwemutemo neforamu muchibvumirano chako kunodzivirira gakava pamusoro pekuti ndekupi uye pasi pemitemo ipi yaunotonga.

Dare rezvekutengeserana reNetherlands mu Amsterdam Inonzwa nyaya dzekutengeserana dzepasi rose muchiRungu kana mapato acho akabvumirana. Kutonga ndeimwe nzira, kunyanya kana mutongo uchifanira kusimbiswa kunze kweEU. Kana paine matunhu akati wandei anobatanidzwa, gweta rako reDutch rinobatana nemagweta ako ari kunze kwenyika.

Unoronga sei hukama nevaunoshanda navo mumasheya?

Hurongwa pakati pevane migove hwakarongwa muzvinyorwa zvesangano uye muchibvumirano chevane migove. Zvinyorwa izvi ndezveveruzhinji uye zvinosunga mugove wese wemigove; chibvumirano chevane migove chakavanzika uye chinosunga mapato acho chete.

Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rinogadzirisa magwaro ese ari maviri. Chibvumirano chakanaka chevagovani vemasheya chinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• zvisarudzo zvinoda kuti pave nerumwe rutsigiro kana kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu vakakodzera;
• mitemo yekutengesa migove, yakaita sekodzero yekutanga kuramba, kudhonza-dhonza-famba uye tag-along;
• chii chinoitika pakubva, kusakwanisa kuita basa kana kufa (munhu akasiya basa zvakanaka uye munhu akasiya basa zvakaipa);
• kuti gakava rinogadziriswa sei;
• dividend, mari uye mari isingakwikwidzi.

Chii chaungaita kana paine gakava remasheya?

Unogona kutaurirana, kupindirana kana kushandisa nzira yepamutemo yekugadzirisa gakava (Chinyorwa 2:335 uye zvinotevera zveDutch Civil Code). Matanho ekuferefeta pamberi peEnterprise Chamber ndiwo mushonga wakasimba kana paine kusava nechokwadi kwakakomba nezvemutemo wekambani.

Kuburikidza nekudzingwa, vagovani vanogona kukumbira kuti mumwe mugovani atumire migove yake kana akakanganisa zvakanyanya kufarira kwekambani (Chinyorwa 2:336). Kuburikidza nekubuda, mugovani anogona kukumbira kuti vamwe vatenge migove yake kana kodzero dzake kana zvido zvake zvakakanganiswa zvakanyanya (Chinyorwa 2:343). Dare rinogona kugadza nyanzvi kuti dzigadzire mutengo wemigove.

Kambani yeMabhizinesi ye Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro rinogona kuraira kuti kuferefetwe mutemo wekambani (Chinyorwa 2:344 nezvinotevera). Kune vazhinji veBV, vagovani vane mari inosvika gumi muzana yemari yakapihwa vanogona kuendesa chikumbiro. Dare reMabhizinesi rinogonawo kutora matanho nekukasika, akadai sekumisa director kana kugadza director wechinguvana.

Mutungamiriri wekambani anofanira kuzvidavirira riini?

Mutungamiriri ane mhosva yake pachake kana achigona kupomerwa mhosva yehutungamiriri hwake. Mutoro iwoyo unowanikwa kukambani pachayo (Chikamu 2:9 cheDutch Civil Code) uye, kuburikidza nemhosva yemhosva, kune vane chikwereti (Chikamu 6:162).

Mukusashanda zvakanaka kwemari, mutariri anogona kupa vatungamiriri mhosva yekushomeka kwemari yese (Chinyorwa 2:248). Izvi zvinoda hutungamiriri husina kunaka mumakore matatu kusati kwatanga kusashanda zvakanaka kwemari, sechikonzero chikuru chekudaro. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemari kunofungidzirwa kana mabasa ekuverenga akatyorwa kana kuti maakaundi egore akanonoka kuendeswa kudare. BV inofanirwa kuisa maakaundi ayo egore negore kuChamber of Commerce (KVK) mwedzi gumi nemiviri isati yapera mushure mekunge gore rezvemari rapera.

Kugoverwa kwemari kune vane migove yemasheya kunewo njodzi. Bhodhi rinofanira kubvumidza kugoverwa kwese, uye vatungamiriri vaiziva kuti BV haigone kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo mushure mezvo ndivo vane mhosva yekusakwana kwemari yacho (Chinyorwa 2:216). Kana BV isingakwanise kubhadhara mitero yemihoro, VAT kana mipiro yepensheni, zivisa izvi mukati memavhiki maviri kuTax Administration kana kupensheni. Wakagamuchira chikumbiro chemhosva here? Rega gweta rekambani muNetherlands riongorore usati wapindura.

Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rinotungamira sei kutenga?

Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rinotungamira kutenga kana kutengesa bhizinesi kubva pakunyorerwa tsamba kusvika pakupedzisa. Kutengeserana kwega kwega kwakagadzirirwa munhu, nekuti njodzi dzinosiyana pakambani.

1. Tsamba yechinangwa: mazwi makuru echibvumirano, kazhinji ane humbowo hwezvakavanzika.
2. Kunyatsoongorora: kuferefeta njodzi dzemutemo, zvemari uye dzemitero dzemunhu ari kurwiswa.
3. Chibvumirano chekutenga mugove: mutengo, muripo, vimbiso uye muripo.
4. Kuvhara: kutamiswa kwemasheya eBV negwaro renotarial pamberi pemutongi wemutemo wehurumende weDutch; chibvumirano chemidziyo chinotamiswa midziyo yega yega zvakasiyana.

Muchibvumirano chemidziyo, vashandi vanoendesa kune mutengi nemutemo (Chikamu 7:663 cheDutch Civil Code). Dare remabasa rine kodzero yekupa mazano pakutenga. Zvibvumirano zvikuru zvinofanirwa kuziviswa kuACM pachine nguva. Izvi zvinoshanda kana mari yakabatanidzwa pasi rose ichidarika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emaeuro uye mapato maviri ega ega achiwana mamiriyoni makumi matatu emaeuro muNetherlands.

Ndezvipi zvaungasarudza kana bhizinesi rikasangana nematambudziko emari?

Kambani iri mumatambudziko emari inogona kugadziridza mashandiro ayo kuburikidza nehurukuro nevanokweretesa, kuumba kambani pasi peWHOA kana kumiswa kwekubhadhara. Kana vatungamiriri vekare vakaita basa, sarudzo dzakawanda dzinosara.

Mutemo wekusimbisa hurongwa hwekugadziriswazve kwemakambani (WHOA) wave kushanda kubvira musi wa1 Ndira 2021. Unobvumira kambani kupa hurongwa kune vane chikwereti nevaridzi vemasheya vari kunze kwekubhuroka. Dare rinogona kuita kuti hurongwa ihwohwo huve hwakasimba, pamwe chete nevane chikwereti vakavhotera vachiramba. Munguva yekugadzirira, dare rinogona kuraira nguva yekudzikamisa inosvika mwedzi mina, inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kumwedzi misere.

Kana kugadziriswa kwekambani kukakundikana, kubhuroka kunowanzo tevera, uye mutariri wekambani anoongorora basa rebhodhi. Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rine ruzivo rwekusakwanisa kubhadhara mari rinopa mazano kuvatungamiriri nevanogovana zvikwereti nezvemabasa avo uye rinobatsira vanokweretesa zvikwereti zvavo.

Ndeipi fomu yepamutemo inokodzera bhizinesi rako?

Fomu repamutemo rinonyanya kusarudza kuti ndiani ane mhosva yezvikwereti zvebhizinesi. Muridzi wega ndiye ane mhosva nezvinhu zvake, uye mumwe nemumwe ari mumubatanidzwa mukuru (vof) ane mhosva pamwe chete uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Kambani yega yega ine mutoro wepamutemo, saka musimboti ndiyo chete ine mhosva. Kubva 1 Gumiguru 2012 BV haidi mari shoma; inosanganisirwa negwaro re notarial (Chinyorwa 2:175 cheDutch Civil Code). Kambani yeruzhinji ine mutoro wemari (NV) inoda mari inosvika 45,000 euros. Makambani ekunze anogonawo kushanda kuburikidza nebazi reDutch. Matanho anoshanda anotsanangurwa pa business.gov.nl.

Inoshanda sei ne Law & More basa?

Kushanda nesu kunotevera matanho mana. Padanho rega rega tinokurukura pachine nguva zvatichaita uye kuti zvichadhura zvakadii.

1. Nhanganyaya. Mumusangano wemahara tinokurukura mubvunzo wenyu uye chero nguva yekupedzisira. Tinokumbira zvibvumirano, zvinyorwa uye tsamba.
2. Mazano nekufungidzira mari. Gweta rako rekambani rekuDutch rinoongorora chinzvimbo chako uye rinotsanangura njodzi nemikana, muchiRungu kana muchiDutch.
3. Kutaurirana uye kutaurirana. Tinotaurirana nerimwe bato kana magweta aro tonyora mhedzisiro yacho.
4. Nyaya kana kuti kupedzisa. Kana pasina chibvumirano chasvika, tinoenda kudare redunhu, kuEnterprise Chamber kana mukugadza nyaya, muchidimbu kana paine chikonzero chekukurumidzira.

Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rinodhura marii?

At Law & More Mutengo weawa wega wega unobva pamaeuro mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu (250-350 euros) usingabatanidzi VAT yegweta uye mazana matatu kusvika mazana mana emaeuro usingabatanidzi VAT yemumwe wako. Tinobvumirana nemutengo wacho nekufungidzira kwemari pachine nguva.

Musangano wekutanga haubhadharwi. Musangano wekupa mazano kamwe chete pasina rumwe rubatsiro unodhura maeuro mazana matatu kusanganisira VAT. Rubatsiro rwemutemo rwuripo kuburikidza neLegal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand), asi Law & More Hazvishande pahwaro ihwohwo. Mari dzekunze, dzakadai semari yedare, mari yedare remhosva uye mari yegweta, dzinobhadhariswa zvakasiyana.

Ndiani anobata nyaya yako?

Nyaya yenyu inotongwa naTom Meevis, muvambi uye maneja wekambani, kana kuti Ruby van Kersbergen. Vese vanoshanda semagweta emakambani ku Law & Moreverenga zvakawanda nezvavo pa timu yedu peji.

Ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinokubatsira zvakanyanya?

• Kubva papfungwa kuenda kuBV: matanho epamutemo ausingakwanise kutyora
• BV mukugadzirwa: mutoro usati waiswa mubhizinesi
• Gwaro rechibvumirano chevagovani vemakambani ekuDutch
• Makakatanwa evagovani: kubva pakunyevera kusvika kuEnterprise Chamber
• Kunzwisisa mutoro wevatungamiriri
• Kutengeserana kweM&A: vimbiso, muripo uye escrow
• Mitemo nemipimo: sei kukopa kwacho kuchikutorera mari
• Kusakwanisa kubhadhara mari uye kugadziriswa patsva muNetherlands

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Ndirini paunoda gweta remakambani muNetherlands?

Gweta remakambani muNetherlands rinowedzera kukosha usati wasaina: chibvumirano chikuru, kushandira pamwe, chibvumirano chevanemasheya kana kutenga. Panguva iyoyo unogona kuramba uchitaurirana nezvenjodzi. Mukusawirirana, nyaya yechikwereti kana matambudziko ekubhadhara, mazano ekukurumidza akakosha nekuti nguva yekupedzisira inogona kupera, senge basa rekunyunyuta nezvezvinhu zvisina kunaka uye chiziviso chemavhiki maviri chekusakwanisa kubhadhara.

Mutengesi haauye nechinhu. Ndingaitei?

Ipa mutengesi chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusashanda kwenguva yakakodzera yekutumira (Chinyorwa 6:82 cheDutch Civil Code). Kana kutumira kukaramba kuchikundikana, unogona kukumbira kushanda, kukuvara kana kugumisa. Tarisa chibvumirano chako uye mitemo yakajairika kutanga, nekuti zvinowanzo deredza mutoro. Muzviitiko zvekukurumidzira, matanho apfupi pamberi pemutongi wekubatsira kwekutanga anogona kupa sarudzo mukati memavhiki.

Ini pachangu ndine mutoro here semutungamiriri weBV?

Muchokwadi, BV pachayo ndiyo ine mutoro wezvikwereti zvayo. Mutungamiriri ane mutoro wega wega kana achigona kupomerwa mhosva yakakura, semuenzaniso nekuda kwekutarisira kusina kunaka pamberi pekubhuroka kana kubvumidza kugoverwa kwemari iyo BV yaisagona kubhadhara. Kuziviswa panguva yakakodzera kwekukundikana kubhadhara kuTax Administration kunoderedza njodzi iyoyo. Vimbiso yemunhu kubhangi kana muridzi wemba inzvimbo yakasiyana yemhosva.

Ndingaitei kana mumwe wangu ane migove akarambidza sarudzo dzese?

Kutanga tarisa zvinyorwa uye chibvumirano chevagovani kuti uone kana paine kusawirirana kana kuti chibvumirano chekutenga. Kana hurukuro nekuyananisa zvikasabatsira, maitiro epamutemo ekugadzirisa gakava anobvumidza kutamiswa kwemasheya nedare. Matanho ekuferefeta pamberi peEnterprise Chamber ye Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro ndiro mushonga wakasimba, rine matanho anogona kutorwa nekukurumidza akadai sekugadza director wechinguvana.

Unoshandawo kumakambani ekunze nevanotengesa mari here?

Ehe. Tinopa mazano kumakambani ekune dzimwe nyika, vavambi nevanoisa mari pamakambani eDutch, makondirakiti, hukama nevanoisa mari, uye kutenga, muchiRungu. Tinoshanda pamwe chete negweta remutemo wehurumende reDutch pakubatanidzwa kwemakambani uye kuchinjisa masheya. Kana mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika uchishanda, tinoshanda pamwe chete nemagweta ari kune rimwe divi rehurumende, saka une nzvimbo imwe chete yekutaurirana nedivi reDutch.

Munganditaurirana here kuti ndiwane chibvumirano?

Ehe. Tinogona kushanda pachivande pamapepa enyu ekunyora, kana kuita hurukuro nemumwe munhu kana gweta rake zvakananga. Kazhinji musanganiswa unoshanda zvakanaka: munochengetedza hukama hwekutengeserana, ukuwo isu tichichengetedza zvinhu zvepamutemo zvakaita semhosva, vimbiso uye kuguma. Tinobva tanyora mhedzisiro yacho muchibvumirano kana, mukukakavadzana, muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa.

Kutenga zvinhu kunofanira kuziviswa rini kuACM?

Kuziviswa kunodiwa kana mari yose yemapato pasi rose inodarika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emaeuro uye maviri acho aine mamiriyoni makumi matatu emaeuro emari muNetherlands. Kutengeserana uku kunogona kusapera ACM isati yabvumidza. Tinotarisa zvibvumirano izvi pakutanga kwekuita, saka nguva yekusaina nekuvhara ichave chaiyo.

Une kusava nechokwadi nezvechinzvimbo chako? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa mukati mezuva rimwe chete rebasa kuti ndeapi masarudzo ako. Taura nesu, fonera +31 40 369 06 80 kana email info@lawandmore.nl.

Law & More, Marconilaan 13, 5612 HM Eindhoven (+31 40 369 06 80) uye nzvimbo yekushanya Pietersbergweg 291, 1105 BM Amsterdam (+31 20 369 71 21). Inowanikwa Muvhuro kusvika Chishanu 08:00-22:00, Mugovera neSvondo 09:00-17:00.

Peji rino rinopa ruzivo rwakawanda uye haritsivi mazano pamusoro pemamiriro ako chaiwo.