Mutemo webasa remunharaunda (taakstraf) ibasa risingabhadharwi rinoiswa semutongo mukuru mumutemo wemhosva dzeDutch, unotungamirirwa muchikamu 22c cheDutch Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht, Sr). Dare rinogona kumanikidza kusvika maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mana; muchuchisi wehurumende anogona kumanikidza kusvika maawa zana nemakumi masere mumurairo wechirango (strafbeschikking). Basa iri rinoitwa munguva yako wega uchitarisirwa nesangano reprobation service, uye rinofanira kupedzwa mukati memwedzi gumi nemisere mushure mekunge mutongo wava usingachadzoserwi.
Kune vanhu vazhinji mubvunzo unoshanda hausi wekuti mutongo unorevei mudzidziso asi kuti chii chinoitika zvinotevera: tsamba yacho inosvika riini, kuti nzvimbo yacho inorongwa sei, chii chinoonekwa sechikonzero chekupotsa zuva, uye kuti mhedzisiro yacho ndeipi kana maawa asina kupedzwa. Gwaro iri rinotevedzera kurongeka kubva pamutongo kusvika pakupedzwa, rinopa nguva yakatarwa nemutemo, uye rinotsanangura nzira imwe chete inonyanya kukosha kana zvinhu zvikasafamba zvakanaka, kuramba kushandurwa kuita kusungwa panzvimbo yekutsiva.
Chii chinonzi chirongwa chekubatsira vanhu munharaunda?
Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch unobvuma mitongo mitatu mikuru: kuiswa mujeri, murairo wekushandira nharaunda uye faindi. Saka, taakstraf haisi imwe nzira inopihwa sechipo asi mutongo wakazara, uye inogona kusanganiswa nemimwe mitongo uye nezviyero. Chinyorwa 22c Sr chinoti chinosanganisira kuita basa risingabhadharwe, uye kuti mutongo kana mutongo unotaura huwandu hwemaawa uye unogona kutsanangura rudzi rwebasa. Huwandu hwepamusoro hwemutemo hwemunhu mukuru maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mana.
Basa racho pacharo rinoitirwa kumasangano asina chinangwa chekuwana purofiti: maguta, misha inochengetwa vakwegura, zvipatara, masangano emitambo, mahofisi ehurumende ezvemasango nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakafanana. Haribhadharwi zvechokwadi, uye rinoitwa kunze kwemaawa ako ekushanda, izvo chaizvo zvinoita kuti mutongo ushande kune mumwe munhu ari pabasa. Kana zvichiita, mahofisi ekuongorora anoedza kubatanidza basa racho nemhosva, kuitira kuti mutongo wacho uve nerevo kupfuura maawa acho.
Nzira mbiri dzinotungamira ku taakstraf. Dare rinogona kuisa imwe mushure mekunzwa. Muchuchisi wehurumende anogonawo kuisa imwe pasina kunzwa, mumurairo wechirango pasi pechikamu 257a cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva (Wetboek van Strafvordering, Sv), uko nguva yepamusoro iri maawa zana nemakumi masere. Musiyano iwoyo unokosha: murairo wechirango hausi mutongo wedare, asi kuugamuchira nekungoita basa zvinoreva kuti unorega mukana wekupikisa nyaya yacho. Kana usingabvumirani nemurairo wechirango, unogona kuisa chipikiso (verzet) mukati menguva yakatarwa pairi, uye nyaya yacho inobva yaenda kudare mushure mezvose. Magwara edu emutemo wemhosva wekuDutch anoratidza mufananidzo wakakura wemutongo uye maitiro.
Vadiki vanowira pasi pemutemo wakasiyana wekupa mutongo une huwandu hwakaderera hwemitemo, uye sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira gwaro rekudzidziswa (leerstraf) pamwe chete negwaro rebasa. Mitemo inotsanangurwa pazasi ine chekuita nemutemo wemhosva dzevakuru.
Kana murairo webasa remunharaunda usingakwanise kuiswa
Chinyorwa 22b Sr chine mutemo unorambidza, unozivikanwa setaakstrafverbod. Pasi pechikamu 1, mutemo wekushandira nharaunda haugone kuiswa pamhosva ine makore matanhatu ekugara mujeri kana kupfuura zvakakonzera kutyorwa kwakanyanya kwemuviri wemunhu akabatwa, kana mhosva dzakawanda dzakanyorwa zvakananga, kusanganisira dzimwe mhosva dzepabonde nemhosva dzinopesana neveruzhinji. Pasi pechikamu 2 hazvibatanidzwewo kana munhu akapara mhosva akawanikwa aine mhosva yakafanana mumakore mashanu apfuura uye akashandira mutemo wekushandira nharaunda, kana kuti mutemo iwoyo wakachinjwa kuita musungwa.
Ndima 3 inopa nzira yekutiza inoshandiswa mukuita: kurambidzwa hakushandi kana mutongo wekuchengetedza usina magumo kana chiyero chekuchengetedza chakapihwa pamwe chete nemurairo webasa renharaunda. Dare rinoda kumanikidza basa remunharaunda munyaya yakabatwa nekurambidzwa kwacho rinowanzo sanganisa nemutongo mupfupi wejeri usina magumo, uyo unowanzo fanana nenguva yatove yashandiswa muhusungwa husati hwatongwa.
Kuedza kuwedzera kurambidzwa uku hakuna kubudirira kusvika pari zvino. Bhiri rinoenderera mberi nechisimba chinoitirwa vashandi vebasa rekukurumidzira rakarambwa neSeneti muna Gumiguru 2022. Bhiri idzva renhengo yega yega rine chinangwa chakafanana rakaunzwa muDare reVamiriri muna Kukadzi 2025 uye richiri muchikamu chekugadzirira chakanyorwa; harisati ragamuchirwa uye harisi kushanda. Kusvika parinoshanda, chikamu 22b Sr chinoshanda sezvachiri.
Kubva pakutongwa kusvika pazuva rekutanga rekushanda
Kusimbiswa kwekutongwa kwemhosva kwave kuri basa reGurukota reDziviriro Yemutemo kubvira Mutemo wekuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwekutongwa kwemhosva wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2020, neCentral Judicial Collection Agency (Central Justitieel Incassobureau, CJIB) ichibata basa rekutonga. Hapana chinoitika kana mutongo uchigona kukwidzwa kudare: kusimbiswa kunotanga chete kana usingadzoreki. Kana ukakwidza nyaya mukati memazuva gumi nemana emhosva, mutongo wacho unomiswa uye faira hariendeswe kumutemo.
Kana mutongo wapera, faira rinoendeswa kubasa rekuongorora, iro rinokukoka kuti ubvunzurudzwe. Masangano matatu anoita basa iri muNetherlands: Reclassering Nederland, basa rekuongorora reSalvation Army, uye basa rekuongorora vanhu vakapindwa muropa. Pabasa rekuongorora, mukuru wemapurisa anonyora maawa ako ekushanda, zvisungo zvekudzidza, mabasa ekutarisira, mutauro uye chero zvipingamupinyi zvehutano, uye nekuda kweizvozvo anosarudza nzvimbo.
Haugone kusarudza sangano iwe pachako, asi zvaunofarira pakutora vana zvine simba guru, nekuti kutora vana zvisina kukodzera kutora vana kunokundikana. Taura pachena nezvebasa reshifiti, chirwere chisingaperi kana chirongwa chekuchengeta vana padanho iri pane kunonoka; kugadzirisa purogiramu pakutanga kuri nyore, nepo kusavapo kwatoitika kuchifanira kururamiswa mushure mechiitiko chacho. Kutora vana kunopera nechibvumirano chakanyorwa chinotsanangura mitemo, zvisungo zvekuzivisa nezvechirongwa uye purogiramu.
Nguva yekupedzisira: mwedzi gumi nemisere
Chinyorwa 6:3:1 Sv inogadza nguva iyo basa rinofanira kupedzwa mushure memwedzi gumi nemisere mushure mekunge mutongo wave usingachadzoserwi, uye mushure memwedzi mipfumbamwe mushure mekunge gwaro rechirango rapihwa risingachadzoserwi. Nguva iyoyo haikanganisike nekuti basa rekuongorora rinotora nguva yakareba sei kuronga nzvimbo yacho, saka kunonoka pakutanga kunodya nguva yauinayo pakupedzisira.
Mutemo mumwe chete uyu unowedzera nguva yacho mumamiriro maviri: panguva yaunotorerwa rusununguko rwako zviri pamutemo, uye panguva yausiripo pasina mvumo. Pfungwa yechipiri inokosha kuverenga kaviri. Kugara kure hakukuiti kuti urambe uri pedyo newe; kunoimisa, uye inonyorwa.
Mukati menguva iyoyo purogiramu yacho inenge iri nyaya yekurongeka kunoshanda. Basa rinowanzoitwa pamazuva akatarwa vhiki rega rega, pakupera kwevhiki kana manheru, uye mushandi wenguva yakazara anogona kupedzisa maawa mashoma asina kutora zororo. Mushandirwi wako haasungirwi kukupa nguva yekuzorora kuti aite basa remunharaunda, uye haana kodzero yekuudzwa kuti nei uchida; mutongo wacho unopihwa panguva yako chaiyo kuitira kuti basa risakanganiswa.
Mitemo panguva yekuisa
Mabasa panguva yekuisa basa mashoma asi anoshandiswa zvakasimba: kupinda mumazuva akabvumiranwa, kusvika nenguva, kutevedzera mirairo yemutariri webasa, kuzvibata zvakanaka kune vaunoshanda navo nevatengi vesangano, uye kuzivisa kusavapo nenzira yakatarwa nguva isati yatanga. Maawa ebasa anonyoreswa nemutariri uye anogona kuongororwa kuburikidza nebasa rekuongorora.
Kurwara hakusi kupasa kwemahara, asi hakusi kutyora mutemo futi, chero bedzi ukataura nemazvo uye, kana ukabvunzwa, unoratidza kuti ndizvo zvazviri. Chinokonzera matambudziko izuva iro munhu asingauye otsanangura mushure mezvo. Dare rekuongorora rinogona kupa yambiro yepamutemo yekukanganisa kwekutanga kwakakomba; kunonoka kumwe, kana kuti kunonoka uye kusavapo pasina kutaurwa, zvinoita kuti murayiro unzi hauna kuitwa nemazvo uye faira ridzoserwe kumuchuchisi wehurumende.
Kushandurwa kuita kuchengetwa kwemunhu panzvimbo pevamwe
Kana dare rikaisa murairo webasa remunharaunda, rinofanira, pasi pechikamu 22d Sr, kuraira panguva imwe chete kuti kuvharirwa kwemunhu (vervangende hechtenis) kushandiswe kana basa risina kuitwa nemazvo. Nguva iyoyo yakatarwa mumazuva ese, mavhiki kana mwedzi, inguva yezuva rimwe chete uye isingasviki mwedzi mina, uye haifanirwe kudarika zuva rimwe chete pamaawa maviri ega ega ebasa remunharaunda. Saka murairo wemaawa mazana maviri nemakumi mana unotakura mazuva zana nemakumi maviri.
Kana sevhisi yeprobation ikazivisa kuti murairo hauna kuitwa nemazvo, sarudzo yekushandisa imwe nzvimbo yekuvharirwa inotorwa nemuchuchisi wehurumende pasi pechinyorwa 6:3:3 Sv. Sarudzo yacho inofanira kutaura huwandu hwemaawa asina kuitwa uye kuvharirwa kwakakodzera, uye inopihwa kwauri. Ziva kuti kutendeuka kwacho kwakaenzana: maawa akashanda atoverengerwa, uye maawa asara chete ndiwo anoshandurwa.
Kuramba kushandurwa
Hamusungirwi kubvuma kutendeuka. Chinyorwa 6:6:23 Sv chinokupai kodzero yekunyora chipikiso (bezwaarschrift) kudare, uye nguva yacho imazuva gumi nemana kubva pakapihwa sarudzo yekutendeuka. Iyi inguva yekupedzisira yakasimba: chipikiso chakaiswa kunonoka chinowanzo nzi hachigamuchirwi, uye kusungwa kunotevera.
Chipikiso chinoratidza kuti sei maawa ebasa asina kuitwa uye, kana zvakakodzera, chii chachinja. Kurwara kunotsigirwa nehumbowo hwechiremba, kupinda muchipatara, mushandirwi akachinja maitiro ekushanda, nzvimbo yaisambobvira yakwanisika, kana mamiriro ekutarisira akamuka panguva iyoyo ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu anokakavadzana zvinobudirira. Saka kuda kupedzisa basa ikozvino kunoratidza kuti kwakarurama: dare rinogona kutaura kuti chipikiso chacho chakasimba uye, pasi pemutemo mumwe chete, kugadzirisa huwandu hwemaawa asara ekushanda.
Nekuti imwe nzira ndeyekuvharirwa, ino ndiyo nguva yekubatanidza gweta pane kunyora tsamba iwe pachako. Kana uchikodzera nekuda kwemari yaunowana, rubatsiro rwemutemo runotsigirwa rwunowanikwa kune rudzi urwu rwenyaya kuburikidza neLegal Aid Board. Panguva ino, ramba uchishanda maawa kana nzvimbo yacho ichiripo; hapana chinobatsira kuramba kupfuura rekodhi inoratidza kuti uri kuita basa.
Kuenzaniswa kwazvinoita nemutongo wejeri nefaindi
Mitongo mitatu mikuru haichinjiki, uye sarudzo pakati payo inotorwa pahukuru hwemhosva, mamiriro akaita mhosva yacho uye munhu wemutadzi. Chiyero chakaoma chinoshandiswa neparamende pakushandura basa kuita musungwa maawa maviri ebasa remunharaunda kwezuva rimwe chete, izvo zvinopawo pfungwa yekuti taakstraf inogara kupi maererano nemutongo mupfupi wekuvharirwa. Haisi mari yekuchinjana mari iyo dare rinosungirwa kushandisa pakupa mutongo, asi rinotsanangura kuti nei mutongo wemaawa mazana maviri nemakumi mana uchionekwa semutongo unorema pane mutongo mudiki.
Muchokwadi, sarudzo haiwanzoitiki pakati pemutongo mumwe nemumwe uri wega. Matare anowanzo sanganisa gwaro rebasa renharaunda nemutongo wejeri une conditional, kuitira kuti nguva yekuzvibata zvakanaka isanganiswe naro, kana nekurambidzwa, muripo kune akakuvadzwa, kana faindi. Chinhu chine conditional chinoshandura kuverenga zvakanyanya: kutyora mutemo uyu kunogona kuita kuti mutongo wakamiswa ushande pamusoro pechero chinoitika kugwaro rebasa renharaunda pacharo.
Kana gwaro rebasa remunharaunda riripo zvechokwadi, zvakakodzera kuisa nyaya yacho zvakanaka pamberi pedare pane kutarisira. Chinobatsira ndechekuti: basa raizorasika kuburikidza nekuvharirwa, mutoro wekutarisira, kurapwa kwatovepo, muripo watobhadharwa, uye kutaura kwakajeka kwekuwanikwa kwebasa iri. Chisingabatsire chikumbiro chakajairika nezvekuoma kwejeri. Dziviriro inonyanya kushanda, uye inogadzirwa nemagwaro.
Chinyorwa chako chemhosva uye chitupa chemufambiro wakanaka
Mutemo webasa remunharaunda mutongo wemhosva uye unonyorwa mubhuku remagwaro edare. Ndizvo zvakaitawo mutemo wechirango unopihwa nemuchuchisi. Kunyoresa ikoko hakusi kweveruzhinji, asi kunobvunzwa kana uchinyorera gwaro remufambiro wakanaka (Verklaring Omtrent het Gedrag, VOG), izvo zvinodiwa nevashandirwi vazhinji.
Kunyoresa hazvirevi kuti munhu aramba. Justis anoongorora kana mhosva yacho, kana ikadzokororwa, yaizokanganisa kushanda kwebasa rakakumbirwa, uye inodzokera shure kwenguva inoenderana neprofile yekuongorora uye mhosva yacho. Kutongwa kwekare kwenyaya isina chekuita nebasa kazhinji hakusi chipingamupinyi, nepo mhosva yazvino ingave yakakosha kune chinzvimbo ichi. Kana VOG ikarambirwa unogona kutumira maonero ako wobva waramba, uye chikonzero chiri mukuita izvozvo chakakosha kutorwa zvakanyanya pane kunyorerazve pasina kufunga. Tinokurukura nezvekuongorora kwacho zvakadzama munyaya yedu pamusoro peVOG yevekunze kwenyika.
Zvimwe zviviri zvakakosha kutaura nezvazvo. Kutongwa kunogona kukanganisa kodzero yekugara kwemutorwa, kunyanya kana mutongo wacho wasvika padanho rakati, uye zvinogona kushanda pakunyoreswa kwehunyanzvi kana rezinesi. Kana chimwe chezvizvi chichishanda kwauri, chitaure negweta rako usati wanzwa nyaya yacho, nekuti mutongo wacho unogona kutaurirana nenzira isingataurwi nemigumisiro yawo.
Zvikanganiso zvinotungamirira kusungwa
Kutendeuka kwese kwatinoona kunotevera maitiro akafanana, uye hapana chimwe chezvikonzero chakaoma. Kusavapo pasina kuziviswa panguva yakakodzera ndicho chekutanga: zuva rimwe chete risina kutaurwa inyevero, rechipiri rinowanzo gumisa kuiswa kwevashandi. Kunyarara ndicho chechipiri: vanhu vanopinda mumatambudziko kubasa kana kumba vanorega kupindura sevhisi yekuongorora pane kukumbira kuti purogiramu ichinjwe, izvo zvinogoneka nguva dzose kana zvikasimudzwa pachine nguva.
Kusakoshesa nguva yakatarwa ndiyo yechitatu. Mwedzi gumi nemisere inonzwika seyakakura, uye ndizvozvo, kusvika nzvimbo yacho yapera mumwedzi gumi nemiviri. Kumbomira kugamuchira hakurevi chimwe chinhu. Chechina kufunga kuti kuchinja kero kana nhamba yefoni kuchasvika kune vane masimba vega; sarudzo yekushandura inopihwa nemazvo pakero yekare ichiri kutanga nguva yekupikisa kwemazuva gumi nemana. Uye chechishanu chiri kuona sarudzo yekushandura pachayo seyekupedzisira. Hazvisi, uye kuramba kazhinji ndiyo mukana wekupedzisira wekudzivirira kusungwa.
Tiudzei nezvemamiriro enyu ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisai zvamungaita mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda. Magweta edu emhosva anogona kuongorora chinzvimbo, kunyorerana nevashandi veprobation nemuchuchisi wehurumende, uye kupa chikonzero chekuramba mukati memazuva gumi nemana. Kana mutongo usati wapihwa, tinogonawo kukuudzai kana gwaro rebasa renharaunda riripo uye kuti mungaripa sei.
Basa remunharaunda semutongo
Ko mutemo webasa renharaunda uchaonekwa here parekodhi yangu yemhosva?
Ehe, hurongwa hwebasa renharaunda hwakanyorwa mumagwaro ekutonga. Izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yekuwana Chitupa cheMafambiro Akanaka, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechinzvimbo chauri kunyorera.
Ndingapikisa here kushandurirwa kujeri?
Ehe, mukati memazuva gumi nemana mushure memutongo, unogona kuramba kushandurwa kwemutongo wekuti ugare panzvimbo pekuvharirwa uchishandisa gweta. Zvakakosha kuita izvi nenguva.
Ndinofanira kutora zororo kune nharaunda yebasa reodha?
Hongu, basa renharaunda rinoitwa munguva yako yekusununguka. Waunoshandira haasungirwe kukupa zororo, saka ronga izvi pachine nguva nebasa rekuedzwa uye mushandirwi wako.
Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukarwara panguva yebasa renharaunda?
Unofanira kumhan'ara hurwere hwako maererano nemaitiro akabvumiranwa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuendesa gwaro rekurapwa. Kurwara hakungowedzeri nguva yacho, saka tangazve chirongwa chenguva dzose nekukurumidza.
Ndinogona here kupa zano rekushanda ini?
Aiwa, sevhisi yekuedzwa inogara ichitarisa kuiswa kwakavakirwa pakukodzera, kuwanikwa uye rudzi rwemhosva. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kuratidza zvaunoda panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwekutora.
Chii chinonzi basa remunharaunda semutongo wemhosva muNetherlands?
Basa remunharaunda ibasa risingabhadharwi rinoitwa nemutongi kana muchuchisi wehurumende sechirango chikuru chemhosva yemhosva, inosanganisira maawa anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mana ebasa rinobatsira pamasangano asingabatsiri, rinoitwa pasi pekutarisirwa kweProbation Service senzira yekutsiva mujeri.
Basa remunharaunda rinoenzaniswa sei nemutongo wejeri kana tichitarisa maawa ekushanda?
Kazhinji, maawa makumi matanhatu ebasa remunharaunda anoonekwa seakaenzana nemwedzi mumwe chete mujeri.
Ko basa rekubatsira vanhu munharaunda rinogona kumanikidzwa here pamhosva ipi zvayo?
Kwete, kushandira nharaunda hakugone kupihwa mhosva dzese. Mhosva dzakakomba dzinokanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwemuviri, kana mhosva dzine mutongo wejeri unopfuura mwero wakati, dzinowanzo bviswa musarudzo iyi.
Ndiani anogona kurayira kuti vanhu vashande munharaunda?
Hofisi yemuchuchisi wehurumende inogona kumanikidza vanhu kuti vashande semushandi wekubatsira vanhu vasina mhosva dzakakomba, nepo mutongi achigonawo kupa mutongo uyu panguva yekunzwa mushure mekufunga mamiriro emhosva yacho.
sei Law & More zvinogona kukubatsira neizvi zvinotsanangurwa pa gweta remhosva peji.
