Matambudziko emutemo anowanzo svika kukambani yeDutch anogona kufanotaurwa zvinoshamisa, uye mazhinji acho anogona kuteverwa kumashure kune gwaro risina kumbobvira ranyorwa zvakanaka kana kusamboshandiswa zvachose.
Mapoka mana ndiwo anonyanya kukosha. Makakatanwa pamusoro pekushanda, kubhadhara uye kugumiswa kwebasa, uko mubvunzo mukuru unowanzo kuve wekuti mitemo nemamiriro ezvinhu akabatanidzwa here chibvumirano chisati chapera, uye kana chiziviso chekusashanda chakapihwa muchimiro cheChinyorwa 6:82 cheDutch Civil Code (BW). Makakatanwa ebasa, uko mutemo wekudzingwa basa weDutch unosiya mushandirwi nzira nhatu chete, imwe neimwe iine mamiriro ayo. Makakatanwa emakambani neane masheya, uko zvinyorwa zvesangano nechibvumirano cheane masheya zvinosarudza zvinogona kumanikidzwa uye naani, uye uko maitiro ekuferefeta uye kutamiswa kana kubviswa kwemasheya zvinopa mhinduro dzekupedzisira. Uye kuratidzwa kwemitemo, kubva pakuchengetedzwa kwedata nemutemo wemakwikwi kusvika pakutarisirwa kwechikamu.
Njodzi mbiri dzekuvaka dzinopinda muzvikamu zvese zvina. Vatungamiriri vanogona kupomerwa mhosva, kukambani pasi peChinyorwa 2:9 BW uye kune vechitatu mapato kana kubhuroka kana kambani ikakundikana, uye kuratidzwa ikoko kunowedzera nekukundikana kwekutonga kwakadai sekunonoka kutumirwa kwemaakaundi egore. Uye chikumbiro chinosiyiwa kwenguva yakareba chinogona kudziviswa, nekuti nguva dzekuganhurira mumutemo weDutch dzakapfupika kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nemabhizinesi mazhinji ekune dzimwe nyika.
Pazasi tinoshanda nechikamu chimwe nechimwe, tinotsanangura zvinowanzo kanganisa, uye tinotsanangura matanho ekudzivirira anofanirwa kutorwa gakava risati ramuka kwete mushure mekunge raitika.
Muchidimbu: ndedzipi nyaya dzemutemo dzinonyanya kusangana nemakambani ekuDutch?
Zvibvumirano, mabasa, hukama hwevanemasheya uye mitemo, nemhosva yemutungamiriri nenguva dzekuganhurirwa senjodzi dziripo. Tafura inopa mutemo mukuru wechimwe nechimwe.
| chikamu | Dambudziko chairo | Mutemo wakakosha |
|---|---|---|
| Contract nharo | Kunonoka kubhadhara, kusashanda zvakanaka, kugumisa | Ziviso yekusabhadhara (Chinyorwa 6:82 BW); mazwi akajairika (Zvinyorwa 6:231 kusvika 6:247 BW) |
| Makakatanwa ebasa | Kudzingwa, kurwara, zvigaro zvisingakwikwidzane | Nzira nhatu dzekudzingwa: mvumo, UWV kana dare (Chinyorwa 7:671 uye chinotevera BW) |
| Makakatanwa emakambani neanemasheya | Kusawirirana, kusawirirana pakati pevagovani | Zvinyorwa zvesangano, chibvumirano chevanemasheya, mafambiro ekuferefeta (Chinyorwa 2:344 uye chinotevera BW) |
| Kudzora mutemo | Dziviriro yedata, makwikwi, mitemo yechikamu | GDPR, Mutemo weMakwikwi, mitemo yechikamu |
| Mutoro wemutungamiriri | Zvikumbiro zvemunhu mushure mekusatarisirwa zvakanaka kana kubhuroka | Zvinyorwa 2:9 na2:248 BW |
Sei kusawirirana kwezvibvumirano kuchiwanzoitika?
Nekuti makambani mazhinji anovimba nemagwaro asingatsigire: mazwi akajairwa asina kumbobvira ashandiswa, zvirevo zvisina kujeka kana pasina chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusaita basa. Pasi pemutemo weDutch, mitemo inowanzo sarudza kuti ndiani anokunda.
Mitemo nemipimo yenyu inoshanda here?
Kana chete zvakabvumiranwa uye, kazhinji, zvikaziviswa kune mumwe munhu chibvumirano chisati chapera kana kuti pachapera (Chinyorwa 6:234 BW). Kana zvisina kudaro, mumwe munhu anogona kubvisa zvikamu zvinorema zvisina musoro, zvakaita sekuganhurira mutoro.
Pakati pemabhizinesi, "hondo yemafomu" inowanzo muka: mapato ese ari maviri anotaura nezvemitemo yawo. Pasi peChinyorwa 6:225(3) BW, mitemo inotaurwa nezvayo inotanga kushanda, kunze kwekunge rimwe bato rakaramba zvakajeka. Kune zvibvumirano zvepasi rose, Vienna Sales Convention (CISG) inogona kushanda, nemitemo yakasiyana. Tarisa kuti ndeapi mitemo inoshanda chibvumirano chisati chasainwa.
Unoita sei kuti mumwe munhu asakwanise kubhadhara zvikwereti zvake?
Kazhinji netsamba yekusaita basa ( ingebrekestelling ) inopa nguva yakakodzera yekuita basa (Chinyorwa 6:82 BW). Kana nguva iyoyo yapera ndipo panotangira mumwe munhu kusaita basa, uye ndipo chete paunokwanisa kukumbira muripo kana kugumisa chibvumirano.
Kune zvimwe zvisingaitwe, semuenzaniso kana nguva yakatarwa yapfuura kana kuti rimwe bato rakataura pachena kuti harizoshande (Chinyorwa 6:83 BW). Kuvimba nechimwe chinhu chisina kurongwa kune njodzi, saka kana paine kusava nechokwadi, tumira chiziviso chero zvakadaro.
Kubhadhara kwekupedzisira
Pakati pemabhizinesi, mubereko wepamutemo wekutengeserana ( wettelijke handelsrente ) unoshanda otomatiki kubva pazuva rekubhadhara rakabvumiranwa, kana kana pasina zuva rakabvumiranwa, mazuva makumi matatu mushure mekugamuchira invoice (Chinyorwa 6:119a BW). Mari yekubhadhara inodarika mazuva makumi matanhatu inoshanda chete muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki. Kana kambani hombe ikatenga kubva kuSME, huwandu hwemari yacho mazuva makumi matatu, uye nguva yakareba haishande.
Zvikonzero zvinowanzokonzera kusawirirana kwezvibvumirano zvinosanganisira:
- tsanangudzo dzisina kujeka kana dzisina kukwana dzezvinofanira kupihwa;
- gakava pamusoro pekuti mashandiro akaitwa panguva yakakodzera here uye kuti ane hunhu hwakabvumiranwa here;
- kugumisa pasina chiziviso chepamutemo chekusaita basa;
- kuganhurirwa kwezvikamu zvemhosva zvinozoonekwa sezvisingashande.
Chii chinokanganisika panyaya dzebasa?
Kazhinji kudzingwa basa kunotanga pasina faira rakasimba kana nenzira isiriyo. Mutemo weDutch unopa mushandirwi nzira nhatu dzekugumisa chibvumirano chenguva dzose, uye imwe neimwe ine mamiriro ayo.
Nzira nhatu idzi ndedzinoti: kugumisa basa nekubvumirana muchibvumirano chekugadzirisa, kudzingwa basa nemvumo kubva kuUWV (nezvikonzero zvemari kana kurwara kwenguva refu), uye kugumisa basa nedare redunhu (nezvimwe zvikonzero, zvakaita sekusashanda zvakanaka kana hukama hwekushanda hwakakanganisika). Mushandirwi anofanira kunge aine chikonzero chinonzwisisika pasi peChinyorwa 7:669 BW uye anofanira kutanga afunga nezvekupa basa kune mumwe munhu.
Mamwe matambudziko anongogara achiitika:
- mutemo wecheni yezvibvumirano zvenguva yakatarwa (Chinyorwa 7:668a BW): zvibvumirano zvinopfuura zvitatu kana kupfuura mwedzi makumi matatu nematanhatu zvinoguma nechibvumirano chenguva dzose;
- muripo wemuhoro uye kudzoserwa mumhuri panguva yekurwara, uko zvikanganiso zvinogona kutungamira kurangwa kwemuhoro kubva kuUWV;
- zvikamu zvisingakwikwidzani izvo zvisiri kushanda muchibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa pasina zvikonzero zvakanyorwa;
- kutevedzera chibvumirano chevashandi pamwe chete (high) izvo zvinoshanda kune chikamu ichi;
- zvichemo pamusoro perusarura kana kushungurudzwa.
Mushandi ane chibvumirano chinopera anowanzo kuve nekodzero yekubhadhara chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemuhoro wepamwedzi pagore rebasa, chinotarwa pa€102,000 muna 2026 kana muhoro wepagore mumwe chete kana wakakwira.
Makakatanwa evanemasheya anogadziriswa sei?
Kutanga kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvesangano uye chibvumirano chevane masheya, uye kana izvozvo zvikakundikana, kuburikidza nedare. Magwaro akanyorwa pakutanga anowanzo sarudza kuti ndiani anogona kumanikidza chii.
Sei chibvumirano chevagovani chichikosha
Chibvumirano chakanaka chevanemasheya chinodzora zvinoitika kana paine kusawirirana, kubuda kwemunemasheya, gakava pamusoro pekukosheswa kwemasheya uye kugadzwa kwevatungamiriri. Mitemo yakaita seyekudhonza-along, tag-along uye mitemo yemune akasiya-away akanaka / akasiya-away akaipa inodzivirira kusawirirana kuti kusawirirane kusamise kambani. Kusawirirana kwakawanda kwatinoona kunoitika nekuti mitemo yakadaro yakanga isipo kana kuti yakanyorwa zvisina kunaka.
Mishonga yemutemo
Kana magwaro asina mhinduro, mutemo weDutch une nzira mbiri huru:
- Matanho ekugadzirisa gakava (kugadziriswa kwemagetsi, Zvinyorwa 2:335 kusvika 2:343c BW): mugovani anogona kumanikidzwa kutamisa migove yake kana maitiro ake akakuvadza kambani zvakanyanya, kana mugovani anogona kukumbira kuti vamwe vatenge migove yavo kana kodzero dzavo dzichikanganiswa.
- Mitemo yekuferefeta (enquêteprocedure, Chinyorwa 2:344 uye chinotevera BW) pamberi peEnterprise Chamber (Ondernemingskamer) wepa Amsterdam Dare Repamusoro: dare rinogona kuraira kuferefetwa kwemutemo wekambani uye kutora matanho nekukasika, akadai sekumisa mutungamiriri basa kana kugadza wenguva pfupi.
Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinotora nguva nemari. Kudzivirira, kuburikidza nemagwaro akanyorwa zvakanaka uye kuita sarudzo dzakajeka, kazhinji kunodhura zvishoma.
Ndeipi mitemo yemutemo inokonzera njodzi huru?
Dziviriro yedata, mutemo wemakwikwi uye mitemo yezvikamu zvakasiyana. Mari yefaindi inogona kukwira, uye vatariri vanowedzera kunanga makambani madiki nepakati zvakare.
- Dziviriro yedata: Mutemo weGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) unoshanda kukambani yega yega inoshandisa data remunhu. Dutch Data Protection Authority (Chiremera cheData Yega) inotarisira, uye faindi dzinogona kusvika €20 miriyoni kana 4% yemari inobuda pagore pasi rose, chero ipi zvayo yakakwira (Chikamu 83 GDPR).
- Mutemo wemakwikwi: Mutemo weMakwikwi (Kusviba kwemvura) inorambidza zvibvumirano zvinodzivisa makwikwi, zvakaita sekugadzirisa mitengo kana kugovana musika. Dare reVatengi neMisika (ACM) rinotarisira uye rinogona kubhadharisa faindi.
- Kurwisa kushambidzwa kwemari: masangano emari nemamwe mabasa, akadai semaakaunzi, magweta uye vamiririri vezvivakwa, vanofanirwa kuita ongororo yevatengi pasi peMutemo weKurwisa Kushambidzwa Kwemari uye Kurwisa Hugandanga (Wwft).
- Kujeka: makambani anofanirwa kunyoresa varidzi vawo vekupedzisira vanobatsira muUBO register. Sezvo Dare reJustice reEU rakatonga musi wa22 Mbudzi 2022 (nyaya dzakabatana C-37/20 naC-601/20), register harichavhurirwi kune veruzhinji.
- Mitemo yechikamu: simba, mari, hutano uye kutakurwa chimwe nechimwe chine vatariri vacho nemapemiti.
Mutungamiriri wekambani anofanira kuzvidavirira riini?
Kana director akatadza zvakanyanya pabasa rake. Director weDutch BV kana NV haafanire kubhadharisa zvikwereti zvekambani, asi dziviriro iyoyo ine miganhu.
Mutoro kukambani
Pasi peChinyorwa 2:9 BW, director wese anofanira kuita mabasa ake nemazvo. Director ane mutoro kukambani chete kana achigona kupomerwa mhosva yekushanda zvisina kunaka. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kuita zvinhu pachena kunze kwezvinangwa zvekambani kana kuregeredza mitemo yesangano.
Mutoro wekubhuroka
Kana kambani ikabhuroka, mutariri ( mutariri ) anogona kubata vatungamiriri pamwe chete uye mumwe nemumwe mhosva yekushaikwa kwemari kana bhodhi rakaita mabasa aro zvisirizvo uye ichi chaive chikonzero chikuru chekubhuroka (Chinyorwa 2:248 BW). Chikumbiro ichi chinongovhara mashandiro asina kunaka mumakore matatu kubhuroka kusati kwaitika.
Kukundikana kwehutungamiriri kunorema zvikuru pano. Kana bhodhi risina kuchengeta maakaundi akakodzera (Chikamu 2:10 BW) kana kuti risina kuisa maakaundi egore nenguva (Chikamu 2:394 BW), mutemo unofunga kuti kushanda zvisina kunaka uye unofunga kuti ndiyo yaive chikonzero chikuru chekubhuroka. Maakaundi egore anofanirwa kuiswa kurejista yekutengeserana mukati memazuva masere mushure mekugamuchirwa, uye kwete mushure memwedzi gumi nemiviri mushure mekupera kwegore remari. Kuisa maakaundi kunonoka ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvakajairika, uye zvinonyanya kudzivirirwa, nei vatungamiriri vachipedzisira vaine mhosva.
Mutoro kune vechitatu
Vanokweretesa vanogonawo kupa director mhosva pasi peChinyorwa 6:162 BW, semuenzaniso kana director akabvumira kambani kuti iite mabasa ayo ichiziva kuti haikwanise kuazadzisa. Muganho wacho wakakwira: director anofanira kunge ari iye ane mhosva pachake uye zvakakomba.
Chikumbiro chinononoka sei kunonoka kubhadharwa nenguva?
Kazhinji mukati memakore mashanu. Mabhizinesi mazhinji ekune dzimwe nyika anofunga kuti ane nguva yakawanda obva arasikirwa nechikumbiro nekuda kweizvozvo.
- Chikumbiro chekuitwa kwechibvumirano chinodzimwa mushure memakore mashanu mushure mekunge chatanga kushanda (Chinyorwa 3:307 BW).
- Chikumbiro chekuda kukuvadzwa chinova nenguva isingatarisirwi makore mashanu mushure mekunge munhu akakuvadzwa aziva nezvekukuvadzwa kwacho uye munhu ane mhosva yacho, uye chero zvodini makore makumi maviri mushure mechiitiko ichi (Chinyorwa 3:310 BW).
- Mutengi anowana dambudziko anofanira kuzivisa mutengesi mukati menguva yakakodzera (Chinyorwa 7:23 BW); zvikasadaro, mutengi anorasikirwa nekodzero dzake.
Nguva yekuganhurirwa inogona kukanganiswa, semuenzaniso nechiziviso chakanyorwa chaunochengetedza kodzero yako yekuita basa (Chinyorwa 3:317 BW). Nguva yacho inobva yatanga zvakare. Ramba uchitevera nguva dzakadaro uye tumira tsamba yekukanzura nenguva.
Nyaya dzemutemo dzinokanganisa sei mashandiro ekambani?
Zvinokanganisa zvisarudzo, maitiro uye bhajeti. Kambani inofunga nezvenjodzi dzemutemo nekukurumidza inochengetedza nguva nemari gare gare.
| Nzvimbo yekushanda | Mhedzisiro yenyaya dzemutemo |
|---|---|
| Kugadzirisa zvisarudzo | Zvisarudzo zvebhodhi zvinofanirwa kutevedzera zvinyorwa zvesangano; zvikasadaro, zvinogona kukanzurwa |
| Maitiro nemagwaro | Maakaundi akakodzera, nguva yekupedzisira yekuisa magwaro uye manejimendi ezvibvumirano zvinodzivirira mutoro |
| Bhajeti uye kuronga | Mari yekusawirirana, faindi uye kunonoka inofanira kuverengerwa |
| Mukurumbira | Kusawirirana uye faindi zvinogona kukanganisa hukama nevatengi, mabhangi nevanoisa mari |
| Kugadzikana kwemari | Zvikumbiro nezvirango zvinogona kutyisidzira kushaikwa kwemari; mudambudziko, chirongwa chekugadzirisa pasi peWHOA chingave sarudzo |
Kana kambani ikapinda mumatambudziko emari, Mutemo weDare reKusimbisa Mapurani Ekugadzirisa Zvinhu Kunze Kwematare ( Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord , WHOA), wakashanda kubvira 1 Ndira 2021, unoibvumira kupa hurongwa kune vanokweretesa hunogona kusungirwa nedare. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira kubhuroka, asi zvinoda chiito nenguva.
Ndeapi matanho ekudzivirira akakodzera kutorwa?
Matanho mashoma ekutanga anodzivirira matambudziko mazhinji atsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Anodhura zvishoma pane gakava.
- Nyora mitemo nemipimo zvinoenderana nebhizinesi rako, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti zvatumirwa pamwe chete nekotesheni yega yega uye kusimbiswa kweodha.
- Shandisa zvibvumirano zvakanyorwa pahukama hwakakosha, zvine zvirevo zvakajeka, nguva yekupedzisira uye chikamu chemhosva.
- Tumira chiziviso chakanyorwa chekuti hauna kutadza kubhadhara usati wagumisa chibvumirano kana kuti wakumbira kukuvara.
- Nyora chibvumirano chevane migove chine zviga zvekugadzirisa dambudziko, kubuda kwebhizinesi uye kuyera mutengo wekambani.
- Chengeta maakaundi akakodzera uye nyora maakaundi egore negore nenguva.
- Gadzira faira rekudzinga usati watanga kudzinga, uye sarudza nzira chaiyo.
- Tarisa mashandiro ako eruzivo rwako pachako uchienzanisa neGDPR uye chengeta zvinyorwa zvemabasa ekugadzirisa kana zvichidikanwa.
- Tarisa nguva dzemiganhu uye dzivhiringidze nekufamba kwenguva.
Kumakambani epasi rose, zvinobatsirawo kutarisa kuti ndeupi mutemo unoshanda kumakondirakiti nehukama hwebasa, uye kuti dare ripi rine simba. Mitemo yekuDutch inosungirwa, semuenzaniso pakudzingwa basa, inogona kushanda kunyangwe kondirakiti ikasarudza mumwe mutemo.
Muchidimbu
- Matambudziko mazhinji emutemo wemakambani anobva kumagwaro akashaikwa kana kuti asina kunyorwa zvakanaka.
- Mumakakatanwa ezvibvumirano, mitemo yakajairika inoshanda uye chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusaita basa (Chinyorwa 6:82 BW) zvinowanzova zvine musoro.
- Makakatanwa evagovani anonyanya kudzivirirwa nechibvumirano chevagovani; nzira dzekugadzirisa gakava dziripo ndedzekugadzirisa gakava uye kuferefeta.
- Kunonoka kutumirwa kwemaakaundi egore negore kunoita kuti vatungamiriri vemakambani vafungidzire kuti vari mumatambudziko ekubhuroka (Chinyorwa 2:248 BW).
- Zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvinopera mushure memakore mashanu; zvinokanganisa nguva yacho.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndedzipi nyaya dzemutemo dzinonyanya kutaurwa nemakambani muNetherlands?
Makakatanwa ezvibvumirano pamusoro pemubhadharo nekushanda, makakatanwa ebasa pamusoro pekudzingwa basa nekurwara, makakatanwa pakati pevane migove, nenyaya dzemitemo dzakadai sekuchengetedzwa kwedata nemutemo wemakwikwi. Mutoro wevatungamiriri nenguva dzekuganhurira dzinoita basa mune zvese izvi.
Nyaya dzemutemo dzinokanganisa sei kugadzikana kwemari yekambani?
Kuburikidza nemari dzematare, kukuvara, faindi uye kurasikirwa nebhizinesi. Mukusashanda zvakanaka, vatungamiriri vanogonawo kuva nemhosva pasi peChinyorwa 2:248 cheDutch Civil Code, semuenzaniso kana maakaundi egore akanonoka kuendeswa.
Sei kutevedzera mitemo kwakakosha?
Nekuti vatariri vakaita seDutch Data Protection Authority neACM vanogona kubhadharisa faindi dzakakwira. Pasi peGDPR, faindi dzinogona kusvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri emaeuro kana 4% yemari inobuda pagore pasi rose. Kutevedzera mitemo kunodzivirirawo mukurumbira wako nevatengi, mabhangi nevanoisa mari.
Kambani inogona sei kugadzirisa njodzi dzayo dzepamutemo?
Nekushandisa mazwi akajairika anoshanda, kutumira zviziviso zvakanyorwa zvekusabhadhara zvikwereti, kunyora chibvumirano chakajeka chevanemasheya, kuchengetedza maakaundi akakodzera, kuisa maakaundi egore negore nenguva, uye kutarisa nguva dzekuganhurira.
Law & More inopa mazano kumakambani ekuNetherlands neepasi rose nezvezvibvumirano, mutemo webasa, hutungamiriri hwemakambani uye kutevedzera mitemo, uye magweta edu rubatsiro mukukakavadzana. Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa zvaungasarudza mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.
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