Zviito zvekirasi muNetherlands pasi peWAMCA

Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020, sangano kana sangano rinogona kukumbira muripo muNetherlands richimiririra boka rese revanhu vakakuvara mune imwe nzira. Izvi zvinogoneka pasi peMutemo weKugadziriswa kweMass Damages muCollective Action (Wet afwikkeling massaschade in collective actie, WAMCA), asi chete kana sangano rikatanga rapasa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekubvumidzwa.

Vagari vekuDutch vari muboka iri vanongobatanidzwa otomatiki kunze kwekunge vasarudza kusabatanidzwa. Vanhu vanogara kunze kwenyika vanowanzo batanidzwa chete kana vakasarudza. Pazasi tinotsanangura mashandiro anoita chiito cheDutch collective action, ndiani anogona kuunza chimwe uye zvazvinoreva kumabhizinesi uye kuvanhu, kusanganisira vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.

Chii chakachinja neWAMCA?

Gore ra2020 risati rasvika, nyaya yekubatana yaigona kungotungamira kumutongo wekuzivisa kana kurambidzwa, kwete kukuvadzwa. WAMCA yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kukumbira muripo wemari weboka rese nenzira imwe chete.

Pasi pehurongwa hwekare, sangano raigona kukumbira dare kuti ritonge kuti kambani yaita zvisiri pamutemo, kana kuti riraire kuti rimise tsika yacho. Munhu wese akabatwa nemhosva aifanira kukumbira muripo wake wega. Pakurasikirwa kudiki kwemunhu, izvozvo zvaisanyanya kukosha, saka kukumbira kwakawanda hakuna kumboitwa.

WAMCA yakagadzirisa Chinyorwa 3:305a cheDutch Civil Code (BW) uye yakawedzera maitiro akakosha kuCode of Civil Procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvorordering, Rv), muZvinyorwa 1018b kusvika 1018m Rv. Mitemo mitsva inoshanda kumatare edzimhosva akaunzwa musi wa1 Ndira 2020 kana mushure mazvo maererano nezviitiko zvakaitika musi wa15 Mbudzi 2016 kana mushure mazvo. Kune zviitiko zvekare, hurongwa hwekare huchiri kushanda, pasi pahwo mari yekuripa haigone kukumbirwa pamwe chete.

Zviito zvekubatana zvakatanga kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakadai sekuchengetedzwa kwedata, mutemo wemakwikwi, zvigadzirwa zvemari, kuchengetedzwa kwevatengi uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa. Kune mabhizinesi ari kushanda pamusika weDutch, njodzi yekukumbira zvikwereti zvakakura yave yakajeka. Kune vanhu, inopa nzira yekuwana muripo usingakodzeri kuteverwa wega. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pezvikumbiro zvekubatana muzviitiko zvekukuvadzwa kukuru chinotsanangura zvakadzama nezvenhoroondo yacho.

Ndiani anogona kuita chiito pamwe chete?

Sangano (stichting) kana sangano (vereniging) rine simba rakazara repamutemo chete ndiro rinogona kuunza nyaya pamwe chete. Rinofanira kuratidza dare kuti rinomiririra zvido zveboka nemazvo uye rinozadzisa zvinodiwa neChinyorwa 3:305a BW.

Sangano rinofanira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuva rinomiririra zvakakwana, richitarisa kukura kweboka rarinomiririra kana kukura kwezvikumbiro. Rinofanira kuva neboka rinotarisira, nzira dzakakodzera dzekubatanidzwa kwevakabatwa, mari yakakwana yekubhadhara mari yekutongwa uye kutonga kwakakwana pamusoro pechikumbiro. Vatungamiriri vanobatanidzwa mukugadzwa kwesangano vanogona kunge vasina chinangwa chekuwana purofiti yakananga kana isina kunanga. Sangano rinofanirawo kuburitsa ruzivo nezvekutonga kwaro, mari uye mari yevatori vechikamu pawebhusaiti.

Zvinodiwa izvi zvinovavarira kudzivirira boka kubva kumasangano anoita zvinhu zvinofadza vanoisa mari. Kana paine munhu wechitatu anobatsira panyaya dzemari, dare rinoongorora kuti munhu wacho haadzore nyaya yacho uye kuti gadziriro dzemari dzakakodzera.

Chikumbiro ichi chinoda kubatana neNetherlands here?

Ehe. Pasi pemutemo unonzi scope, danho rekubatana rinongobvumidzwa chete kana chikumbiro chacho chine hukama hwakakwana nemutemo weDutch. Ndizvo zvazviri, semuenzaniso, kana vazhinji vevanhu vane chekuita nazvo vachigara muNetherlands, kana mupomerwi ari pano, kana zviitiko zvakaitika pano.

Sangano rinofanirawo kutanga raedza kugadzirisa nyaya iyi kuburikidza nekutaurirana neanopomerwa. Mutemo unoona nguva yemavhiki maviri mushure mekunge mupomerwa agamuchira chikumbiro chekubvunzana seyakakwana pachinangwa ichi.

Maitiro eWAMCA anoitwa sei?

Maitiro eWAMCA anoitika muzvikamu. Dare rinotanga rasarudza kana chikumbiro nesangano zvichibvumidzwa, rozosarudza mumiriri wega, uye mushure meizvozvo chete ndipo parinoongorora kukosha kwechikumbiro chacho.

Kunyoresa uye kukwikwidzana kwezvikumbiro

Mushure mekuburitsa gwaro rekushevedza, munhu anomhan'arira anofanira kunyoresa nyaya yacho mubhuku repamutemo rezvemhosva dzakabatana dzinochengetwa nedare redzimhosva (Article 1018c Rv). Mamwe masangano ane mwedzi mitatu yekuunza nyaya dzakabatana pamusoro pezviitiko zvakafanana, nguva iyo dare rinogona kuwedzera. Nenzira iyi, zvese zvichemo pamusoro pezviitiko zvakafanana zvinobatwa nenzira imwe chete.

Chikamu chekubvumidzwa

Dare rinozoongorora kana masangano aya achizadzisa zvinodiwa neChinyorwa 3:305a BW. Mupomerwi anogona kupa zvikonzero pamusoro pekumiririrwa, kutonga uye mari. Dare rinoitawo ongororo yekutanga yechikumbiro: chiito chisina hwaro pakutanga chinogona kunzi hachigamuchirwi panguva ino. Chikamu ichi chega chinowanzo tora gore kana kupfuura.

Mumiriri wega wega

Kana masangano akati wandei akagamuchirwa, dare rinogadza rimwe rawo semumiriri wega wega (Chikamu 1018e Rv). Sangano iroro rinoitisa nyaya yacho richimiririra boka rese. Dare rinotsanangudzawo boka racho uye chinangwa chenyaya yacho nemazvo, kuitira kuti munhu wese azive kuti ndiani anofukidzwa.

Zvakanakira uye kukuvara

Mushure menguva yekusabuda ndipo chete apo dare rinobata nepfungwa huru yenyaya yacho: mupomerwi akaita zvisiri pamutemo here kana kuti akatyora chibvumirano, uye ane mhosva here? Kana zvakadaro, dare rinogona kusarudza hurongwa hwekubhadharisa mari pamwe chete (Article 1018i Rv), semuenzaniso nemapoka evanhu vakakuvara nemari pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, dare rinogona kupa mapato mukana wekutaurirana nezvekugadzirisa nyaya.

Nguva dzekuganhurira dzinoramba dzichikosha mukati menguva yese. Kana uri kufunga nezvekukumbira kwako, ramba uchitarisa mutemo wemiganhu yezvikumbiro muNetherlands uye bvisa nguva yacho nekunyora kana zvichidikanwa.

Uri chikamu chemutambo weDutch here?

Kana uchigara muNetherlands uye uri weboka rakatsanangurwa, unosanganisirwa otomatiki, kunze kwekunge wasarudza kubuda panguva yakakodzera. Kana uchigara kunze kwenyika, unowanzo sanganisirwa chete kana wakasarudza kupinda.

Sisitimu yekusada kubuda yevagari vekuDutch

Mushure mekunge mumiriri wega wega asarudzwa, dare rinotara nguva inosvika mwedzi mumwe chete apo nhengo dzeboka dzinogona kusarudza kusabatanidzwa (Chikamu 1018f Rv). Mutongo wacho unoburitswa, uye mumiriri wega wega anofanira kuzivisa nhengo dzinozivikanwa dzeboka. Hamufanirwe kunyoresa kuti mubatanidzwe.

Kana usina chaunoita, unosungirwa nemhedzisiro yenyaya yacho. Mutongo kana chibvumirano chakatenderwa chinoshandawo kwauri, uye hauchakwanisi kuunza nyaya yako wega nezvezviitiko zvakafanana. Kugara mukati zvinoreva kuti unogona kubhadharwa pasina kumanikidzwa kuenda kudare. Kusarudza kusapinda mumatare kunochengetedza kodzero yako yekumhan'arira wega, izvo zvingave sarudzo iri nani kana kukuvara kwako kwakanyanya zvisina kujairika kana kwakasiyana nekweboka.

Mutemo wekusarudza kupinda kune vanhu vanogara kunze kwenyika

Kana usingagari muNetherlands, uri chikamu chebato remubatanidzwa kana ukazivisa dare, mukati menguva yakatarwa uye nenzira yakatarwa nedare, kuti unoda kupinda. Dare rinogona kusarudza zvakasiyana kana zvakumbirwa nebato, semuenzaniso kana boka revanhu vekune dzimwe nyika rakatsanangurwa zvakajeka risingabatanidzwe.

Semuenzaniso unoshanda. Kambani ine muzinda wayo wekuEurope muNetherlands yakabatwa nekutyorwa kwedata izvo zvinokanganisa vashandisi muEurope yese, uye sangano rekuDutch rinotanga maitiro eWAMCA. Mushandisi anogara mu Eindhoven inosanganisirwa otomatiki uye inongoda kuita chimwe chinhu kana vachida kusapinda. Mushandisi anogara muBerlin haabatanidzwi kunze kwekunge asarudza kupinda nguva isati yasvika.

Kana uchigara kunze kwenyika uye usingasarudze kupinda, hauzobatsirike nemutongo kana kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuDutch. Kodzero yako yekuunza chikumbiro chako, muNetherlands kana kune imwe nzvimbo, inowanzo gara iripo, zvichienderana nenguva dzakatarwa. Vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vachangobva kutamira vanofanira kutarisa kwavaigara panguva yakakodzera uye kuti mutongo wedare unotii nezveboka iri.

Ndeapi mabhizinesi anotarisana nezvikumbiro zveboka?

Bhizinesi chero ripi zvaro rinogona kusangana nechiito chekubatana, asi mabhizinesi ane vatengi vakawanda uye maitiro akajairwa ndiwo anonyanya kuratidzwa. Tsika imwe chete inobata zviuru zvevanhu nenzira imwecheteyo ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa pakukumbira rubatsiro.

Mukuita, zviito zveboka zvinowanzo sanganisira makambani makuru etekinoroji nemapuratifomu edhijitari, semuenzaniso nezvekugadziriswa kwedata remunhu kana mitemo inoiswa pavashandisi nevagadziri vemaapp. Mabhangi nemakambani ekudyara mari vanosangana nemhosva pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvemari, mitemo isina kururama kana muripo. Vagadziri vemotokari nevamwe vanosangana nemhosva pamusoro pekukanganisa kwezvigadzirwa, kuburitsa utsi uye matikiti. Makambani endege nemafambiro anosangana nemhosva pamusoro pekukanzura, kudzoserwa mari uye muripo wekuwedzera.

Munyaya dzemakwikwi, zvichemo zvinowanzo taura nezvekukwira kwemitengo kunopfuudzwa kuvatengi nekuda kwechikwata chevatengesi kana kushandisa chinzvimbo chavo zvisina kunaka. Nyaya idzi dzinowanzo sanganisira humbowo hwakaoma hwehupfumi uye dzinotora makore akati wandei.

Bhizinesi rinofanira kupindura sei kune chikumbiro cheboka?

Tora chikumbiro chakakomba kubva mutsamba yekutanga. Chikamu chekubvumidzwa kazhinji ndiyo nguva yakanakisa yekupikisa chiito cheboka, asi dziviriro yakanaka pamusoro pezvakanaka uye maonero chaiwo ekugadzirisa nyaya zvakakoshawo.

Kubvumidzwa kwakaoma

Mupomerwi anogona kutaura kuti sangano rinopa chikumbiro harina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neChinyorwa 3:305a BW. Mibvunzo yakakosha ndeyekuti sangano iri rinomiririra boka zvechokwadi here, kana dare raro rinotarisira rakazvimirira, kana rine mari yakakwana, uye kana mupi wemari yematare ane simba rakawandisa kana kuti mugove wakawanda wemuripo. Muchokwadi, matare anowanzo kumbira kuti aone chibvumirano chemari kuti aongorore mapoinzi aya. Kukwikwidza kunobudirira kunogona kugumisa nyaya yacho pakutanga.

Tarisawo kana mutemo wescope wasvikwa uye kana chikumbiro chacho chine chekuita nezviitiko musi wa15 Mbudzi 2016 kana kuti mushure mazvo. Zvikumbiro zvisingasvikwi nemamiriro aya zviri kunze kwemutemo weWAMCA.

Kutaurirana uye mukurumbira

Chiito chekubatana chinowanzokwezva kutariswa kwevezvenhau. Taura zvakajeka, zvinoenderana uye zvine chekuita neruzivo, uye batanidza zvakataurwa pachena nenzira yako yepamutemo. Kana chikumbiro chichitaura nezveruzivo rwako rwemunhu, mhinduro yakanyorwa yekutyorwa kwedata inoratidza kuti wakatora zvisungo zvako zvakakomba.

Kukosha kwekugadzirisa

Maitiro eWAMCA anosvika pakutongwa kwekupedzisira kwemari yechikwereti anotora makore uye anodhura kune mativi ese ari maviri. Saka mativi mazhinji anotsvaga chibvumirano, semuenzaniso kana dare ratonga mhosva asi danho remari yechikwereti risati ratanga. Panguva iyoyo mativi ese ari maviri anoziva paamire pamhosva, mari yacho ichiripo.

Tafura iri pazasi inotsanangura matanho makuru uye zvinhu zvikuru zvinofungwa nemupomerwi.

Chibvumirano chevanhu vose chinotenderwa sei?

Chibvumirano chevanhu vose chinongosungirwa boka chete kana dare rachibvumidza. Dare rinoongorora kana muripo wacho wakakodzera uye kana zvido zveboka zvakachengetedzwa zvakakwana.

Mukati memaitiro eWAMCA, dare rinonzwa nyaya iyi rinoongorora chibvumirano (Article 1018h Rv). Kana rikabvuma chibvumirano, nhengo dzeboka dzisina kusarudza kutanga dzinowana mukana wechipiri wekusarudza kusapinda. Munhu wese asingashandisi mukana iwoyo anosungwa nechirongwa ichi.

Kunewo imwe nzira yakasiyana kunze kweWAMCA. Pasi peMutemo weCollective Settlement of Mass Claims (Wet collectiveeve afwikkeling massaschade, WCAM), mapato asvika pachibvumirano anogona kukumbira Amsterdam Dare Repamusorosoro rinoti rinosunga boka rese (Chinyorwa 7:907 BW). Pano zvakare, nhengo dzeboka dzinogona kusarudza kusapinda. Nzira iyi yave ichishandiswa kudzimba dzepasi rose kwemakore mazhinji.

Kumupomerwi, mvumo yedare inopa mugumo: nhengo dzeboka dzisina kusarudza kusapinda hadzigone kuunza zvichemo zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe nezvezviitiko zvakafanana. Kune vanhu, zvinoreva kuti muripo wacho wakaongororwa nedare, asiwo kuti pane nguva yekupedzisira yekusarudza kana vachizoramba varipo.

Kambani yekune dzimwe nyika inogona kumhan'arirwa kuNetherlands here?

Ehe. Kambani iri kunze kwenyika inogona kumhan'arirwa kudare reDutch kana dare iroro riine simba rekutonga, semuenzaniso nekuti kukuvara kwakaitika kuNetherlands. Chikumbiro chinofanirawo kuzadzisa mutemo weWAMCA.

Mukati meEU, kutonga kwemakambani kunonyanya kusarudzwa neBrussels I bis Regulation. Pasi peChikamu 7(2) cheMutemo iwoyo, chikumbiro chakavakirwa pakuita zvisina kururama chinogona kuunzwa kumatare enzvimbo yakaitika chiitiko chinokuvadza. Dare reJustice reEuropean Union (CJEU) rakashandisa mutemo uyu kumatare emari yemutero, zvinoreva kuti vatengi muNetherlands vanogona kumhan'arira kudare reDutch. Kumakambani ari kunze kweEU, mitemo yeDutch pamusoro pekutonga kwenyika dzese inoshanda, izvo zvinotungamira kumhedzisiro yakafanana mune dzakawanda nyaya.

Kambani inobva kunze kweEurope ine maitiro anokanganisa vashandisi muNetherlands inogona kutarisana nechikumbiro cheWAMCA pano. Kana dare reDutch rine simba rekutonga zvinoenderana nechokwadi chenyaya yega yega.

Chii chaunofanira kuita kana chiito cheboka chichikunetsa?

Kutanga tarisa kana uri muboka sezvakatsanangurwa nedare, uye nyora nguva yekupedzisira yekusapinda kana kusarudza kupinda. Wobva wasarudza kana kuramba uri muboka kana kuti kuita zvaunoda zviri nani kuchengetedza zvaunofarira.

Mutongo wedare pamusoro pemumiriri wega wega unotsanangura boka racho nenguva yekusarudza kusashanda. Mumiriri wega wega anofanirawo kuburitsa ruzivo urwu, kazhinji pawebhusaiti yavo uye mumapepanhau. Chengeta chero magwaro anoratidza kurasikirwa kwako, akadai semakondirakiti, ma invoice, zvirevo zveakaunti kana tsamba nekambani. Ungazoda kuti vatore chikamu chako gare gare pasi pechirongwa chekubhadhara kana chekukuvadzwa.

Enzanisa sarudzo idzi nokungwarira. Kugara muchirongwa hakukubhadharisi mari yakawanda, asi unovimba nesarudzo dzesangano uye unogovana mhedzisiro yacho nematanho akafanana neevamwe. Kusarudza kusapinda kunokupa simba, asi unobva watakura mari nenjodzi dzemaitiro ako. Kune chikumbiro chidiki, kugara muchirongwa ichi kazhinji isarudzo inoshanda. Kune chikumbiro chikuru kana chisina kujairika, zvingave zvakakosha kubvunza usati wapedza nguva yakatarwa.

Chenjererai masangano anokuvimbidzai kuti muchabhadharwa mari yakawanda kana kuti munokumbira kuti mubhadharwe mari yacho. Tarisai kana sangano racho riri muchikamu chemaitiro aya murejista yepakati uye kuti richachengeta mugove wemarii.

Nyaya yeWAMCA inotora nguva yakareba sei uye inodhura sei?

Nyaya yeWAMCA yakatongwa zvizere inowanzotora makore akati wandei. Chikamu chekubvumidzwa chega chinowanzotora gore kana kupfuura, uye chikamu chekuremerwa nemhosva nekukuvadzwa chinogona kuwedzera makore.

Kune mupomerwi, mari yacho inosanganisira mari yemagweta kwenguva yakareba, nyanzvi dzakadai senyanzvi dzezvehupfumi munyaya dzemakwikwi kana nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi munyaya dzezvigadzirwa, uye nguva yemukati inopedzerwa pakuunganidza magwaro neruzivo. Kana mupomerwi akakundwa, anofanira kubhadhara muripo wakapihwa boka racho.

Mutemo wemari wakasiyanawo nemutemo wenguva dzose. Munyaya yeWAMCA, dare rinogona kuraira bato rakakundwa kuti ribhadhare mari yematare yakakodzera uye yakaenzana yebato rimwe (Article 1018l Rv), iyo inogona kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutemo wemari yemutero wakatarwa. Masangano mazhinji anotsvaga mari anotsigirwa nevanopa mari kumatare, avo vanowana chikamu chemuripo chero upi zvawo.

Kune vanhu, kutora chikamu kunowanzo kuve mahara, asi sangano kana muridzi waro anogona kubvisa chikamu chemari yacho. Tarisa webhusaiti yesangano kuti uone mamiriro ekutora chikamu usati wasarudza kana uchida kuramba uripo kana kuti kwete.

Mitemo yepamutemo inowanikwa muChikamu 3:305a cheBhuku 3 reDutch Civil Code uye Zvikamu 1018b kusvika 1018m zveDutch Code of Civil Procedure . Kuti uwane rubatsiro runoshanda nedzimwe nyaya dzemutemo muNetherlands, ona ongororo yedu yenyanzvi dzemutemo muNetherlands.

Muchidimbu

• Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020, sangano kana sangano rinogona kukumbira muripo weboka rese pasi peWAMCA, pazviitiko musi wa15 Mbudzi 2016 kana kuti mushure mazvo.
• Sangano rinofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba pakumiririrwa, kutonga, mari uye kubatana neNetherlands (Chinyorwa 3:305a BW).
• Vagari vekuDutch vanosanganisirwa otomatiki kunze kwekunge vasarudza kusapinda; vanhu vanogara kunze kwenyika vanowanzo fanirwa kusarudza kupinda.
• Chibvumirano chevanhu vose chinosunga boka racho chete mushure mekunge dare rabvumidza, uye mukana wechipiri wekusapinda.
• Vadziviriri vanowanzova nemukana wakanakisisa wekupikisa chikumbiro ichi muchikamu chekubvumidzwa, uye nyaya zhinji dzinopera nekugadziriswa.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Ndinofanira kunyoresa here kuti nditore chikamu muchiito cheDutch collective?

Kwete kana uchigara kuNetherlands uye uri weboka rakatarwa nedare: unosanganisirwa otomatiki. Kana uchigara kunze kwenyika, kazhinji unofanirwa kusarudza kupinda mukati menguva yakatarwa nedare.

Ndingakwanisa here kuunza chikumbiro changu?

Ehe, kana ukasarudza kusapinda muchibvumirano nenguva. Kana uri mugari wekuDutch usingaite chinhu, unosungirwa nemhedzisiro yechiito cheboka uye hauchakwanise kumhan'arira mumwe nemumwe nezvezviitiko zvakafanana.

Nyaya yeWAMCA inotora nguva yakareba sei?

Kazhinji makore akati wandei. Chikamu chekubvumidzwa chega chinowanzo tora nguva inopfuura gore, chichiteverwa nechikamu chekupomerwa mhosva nekukuvara. Nyaya zhinji dzinopera nekukurumidza nekugadziriswa kwenyaya.

Ndiani anobhadhara mari yekubatana?

Sangano rinopa chikumbiro rinotakura mari yaro, kazhinji nerubatsiro rwemupi wemari yematare anowana chikamu chemuripo chero upi zvawo. Munhu anokundwa anogona kurairwa kuti abhadhare mari yakakodzera uye yakaenzana neyerimwe divi.

Kambani yekune dzimwe nyika inogona kumhan'arirwa pasi peWAMCA here?

Ehe, kana dare reDutch riine simba rekutonga uye chikumbiro chacho chine hukama hwakakwana neNetherlands, semuenzaniso nekuti kukuvara kwakaitika pano kana kuti vazhinji vevakakuvadzwa vanogara pano.

Law & More inopa mazano kumabhizinesi ari kutarisana nezvikumbiro zvevanhu pamwe nevanhu vanoda kuziva kana chiito chevanhu vose chichivakanganisa. Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa sarudzo dzako mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.

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