Hukama hwebhizinesi hwenguva refu hahufanirwe kunyorwa pasi kuti huve nemigumisiro yepamutemo. Izvi zvinotevera kubva mukutonga kweRechtbank Midden-Nederland (Central Netherlands District Court) ya22 Gumiguru 2025 (ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2025:6129), maererano nekushanda pamwe chete pakati pemuburitsi wemagazini wekuDutch anotaura nezvemotokari dzekare nekambani yekuburitsa mabhuku yekuSwitzerland.
Mapato aya akanga ashanda pamwe chete kwemakore zvichienderana nekutaurirana. Apo kambani yekuburitsa mabhuku yeSwitzerland yakagumisa kubatana uku husiku, gakava rakamuka pamusoro pekuti izvi zvaibvumidzwa here, tichifunga kuti paive nechibvumirano chekutaura chinoenderera mberi. Paivawo nemubvunzo wekuti kushandisa zvakare zvinhu zvakambopihwa kwaityora kodzero dzekodzero dzevashandi here.
Dare rakatonga kuti chibvumirano chekutaura chinoramba chichienderera mberi kwenguva isingazivikanwi chiripo. Kugumiswa kwacho pakarepo kwaisava pamutemo. Muparidzi wekuDutch aive nekodzero yekubhadharwa mari yakaenzana nenguva yekuzivisa kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri. Zvisinei, zvichemo zvekodzero zvakarambwa.
Kushandira pamwe
Kubva mugore ra2010, kambani yekudhinda yeDutch yakapa zvinyorwa nemifananidzo kukambani yekudhinda yeSwitzerland kuti ibhadharwe. Kambani yeSwitzerland yakashandisa zvinyorwa zviri mumagazini yayo nezvemotokari dzekare, uye gare gare yakaburitsawo mifananidzo kubva pakubatana pawebhusaiti yayo.
Pakutanga, muparidzi wekuDutch ndiye aiitawo basa rekugadzira. Gare gare, kushanda pamwe chete kwaisanganisira kupa zvinhu nguva nenguva uye kubhadharisa mari yezviri kutengeswa.
Hutongi hwedare reDutch
Nekuti imba yekubuditsa mabhuku yeSwitzerland yakavambwa muSwitzerland, dare raifanira kutanga raongorora kana dare reDutch raive nesimba.
Dare rakashandisa Chibvumirano cheLugano. Bato reSwitzerland rakapinda mudare iri risingapikise simba redare reDutch. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dare reDutch rakaonekwa serine simba panyaya iyi.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti dare reDutch rinongoerekana rava nesimba panyaya dzese dzinopesana nekambani yeSwitzerland. Simba rinofanira kugara richiongororwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu nemitemo yenyika dzese inoshanda.
Mutemo upi waishanda?
Dare rakasiyanisa pakati pezvikumbiro zvechibvumirano nezvikumbiro zvekodzero dzekodzero.
Kugumiswa: Mutemo weDutch
Chikumbiro chekugumisa chibvumirano chisina kurongeka chakavakirwa pachibvumirano pakati pemapato. Saka dare rakashandisa mitemo yekusawirirana kwemutemo weRome I Regulation.
Mapato akanga asina kusarudza mutemo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mutemo wenyika iyo bato rinoita basa rekuita basa iri unowanzo shanda. Muchiitiko ichi, ndiye muparidzi weDutch, sezvo ndiye akapa zvinyorwa zvekunyora.
Saka mutemo weDutch wakashanda pakugumisa kubatana.
Zvinotaurwa nezvekodzero dzekodzero: Mutemo weSwitzerland
Pane imwe nzvimbo yekutanga yakashanda pazvikumbiro zvekutyora kodzero dzemunyori. Izvi zvaisava zvikumbiro zvechibvumirano, asi zvikumbiro zvakavakirwa pakushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo kwezvinhu zvakachengetedzwa nekodzero dzemunyori.
Dziviriro yekodzero dzemunyori, musimboti, inotongwa nemutemo wenyika inotsvakirwa dziviriro. Kutyorwa kwemutemo uku kwakabatana newebhusaiti yeSwitzerland nemagazini yakanangana nemusika weSwitzerland. Saka dare rakashandisa mutemo weSwitzerland muchikamu ichi chenyaya.
Kushandira pamwe kwacho kwaive chibvumirano chinoenderera mberi nemuromo
Dare rakatsanangura kubatana uku sechibvumirano chinoramba chichiitwa nemuromo kwenguva isingazivikanwi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera, pakati pemamwe, aive akakosha:
- kubatana kwacho kwakagara kwemakore angangoita gumi nemana
- mitambo yacho yaiitwa nguva nenguva
- chinangwa chegadziriro iyi chakanga chagara chakafanana kwenguva yakareba
- muparidzi wechiDutch akapa zvinhu nenzira yemaumbirwo
- bato reSwitzerland raibhadhara izvi nguva nenguva
Pakusarudza nguva yakakodzera yekuzivisa, nguva yekushandira pamwe, zvido zvemumwe munhu, uye migumisiro yekugumiswa kwebasa zvese zvine basa.
Munyaya iyi, kushandira pamwe kwakagumiswa nehusiku humwe chete. Dare rekushambadzira mabhuku reSwitzerland harina kupa yambiro uye harina kupa muripo. Sekureva kwedare, tichifunga nezvenguva refu yekushandira pamwe uye migumisiro yemuburitsi weDutch, izvi hazvina kugamuchirwa.
Saka dare rakaisa chiziviso chinonzwisisika chemwedzi gumi nemiviri. Muparidzi wekuDutch akagamuchira muripo wakaenzana nemari yaaigona kunge akatarisira kuwana munguva iyoyo.
Zvikumbiro zvekodzero dzekodzero zvakarambwa
Dare rakaramba zvichemo zvekutyora kodzero dzekodzero dzemunyori.
Chikonzero chikuru chaive chekuti kambani yekuburitsa mabhuku yeSwitzerland yakaramba ichibhadhara kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi panguva yekuzivisa kwenhema. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi munguva iyoyo kwaisagona kuonekwa sekusiri pamutemo.
Kuwanikwa kwemabhuku ekare mudhijitari hakunawo kuita kuti zvichemo zvisimbiswe. Muparidzi wekuDutch akanga achiziva nezvekushandiswa kwemabhuku ekare mudhijitari kwenguva yakati pasina kutaura zvichemo panguva yakakodzera.
Kune tsika, zvinhu zvinotevera zvakakosha:
- nyora pasi zvibvumirano zvenguva uye kuguma kwenyaya
- sanganisira chikamu chakajeka chekugumisa
- sarudza zvinoitika kumabasa ekubhadhara kare kana kuti achiri kuda kuitwa
- nyora kana zvinhu zvacho zvichiri kushandiswa mushure mekugumiswa
- kuita zvibvumirano pamusoro pekuburitswa kwedhijitari nekuchengetedza
- kunyora zvirambidzo zvekushandiswa zvisina mvumo nenguva
- tarisa, kana paine kubatana kwenyika dzakawanda, mutemo upi uye dare ripi rinoshanda
Chibvumirano chakanyorwa hachidziviriri gakava rese, asi chinoita kuti zvive pachena kuti mapato acho angatarisira chii kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Kana kubatana kwemashoko kwava kusunga
Kushanda pamwe chete pakutaura kunogona kukura kuita chibvumirano chinoramba chichiitwa nemuromo kwenguva isingazivikanwi. Muhukama hwenguva refu, kugumisa pasina chiziviso uye pasina muripo kunogona kupesana nekunzwisisa uye kururamisira.
Muchiitiko ichi, izvozvo zvakakonzera muripo zvichibva pakuzivisa kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri. Zvikumbiro zvekodzero zvakakundikana, nekuti muripo wakanga waitwa kuti ushandiswe panguva iyoyo uye hapana chirambidzo chakaitwa panguva yakakodzera pamusoro pekushandiswa kwedhijitari kwezvinyorwa zvekare.
Chidzidzo chikuru chinoshanda ndechekuti: chero ani zvake anoda kugumisa kubatana kwenguva refu haafanire kungotarisa chete kana kugumisa chibvumirano kuchikwanisika, asiwo kuti zvinoitwa sei uye migumisiro yazvo kune mumwe munhu.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Chibvumirano chemuromo chingave chibvumirano chinoenderera mberi here?
Ehe. Chibvumirano hachifanirwe kunyorwa pasi. Kana mapato achichinjana zviito nguva nenguva kwenguva yakareba, chibvumirano chinogona kubva mukuita kwavo. Kana paine chibvumirano chinoenderera mberi chinoenderana nemamiriro ese ezvinhu: nguva yekushandira pamwe, kugara kwezviitiko, chero kusarudzwa, uye kuti mapato acho aivimbana zvakadii.
Chibvumirano chinoenderera mberi chemuromo kwenguva isingazivikanwi chinogona kungogumiswa here?
Muchokwadi, chibvumirano chinoenderera mberi chemuromo kwenguva isingazivikanwi chinogona kugumiswa. Zvisinei, kugumiswa kunofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvine musoro uye zvakaenzana. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, nguva yekuzivisa, chikonzero chinogutsa, kana muripo wemari inogona kudiwa. Mukubatana kwenguva refu, kugumiswa pakarepo pasina nguva yekuchinja hakufungidzirwi nyore nyore.
Kugumisa chibvumirano kunofanira kuitwa nekunyora pasi here?
Kwete nguva dzose. Kugumisa, musimboti, hakuna chimiro, kunze kwekunge mapato abvumirana pane fomu chaiyo. Saka chiziviso chemuromo chinogona kukwana kana chakajeka uye chikasvika kune rimwe bato. Zvisinei, kugumisa kwakanyorwa kunowanzo kurudzirwa, sezvo kunogona kudzivirira hurukuro pamusoro pezviri mukati, nguva, uye chiyero chekugumisa.
Dare ripi rine simba panyaya yekukakavadzana nebato rekunze kwenyika?
Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti mapato acho akagadzwa kupi, chero sarudzo yenzvimbo, uye mitemo yepasi rose inoshanda. Mumakakatanwa nebato rinobva kuSwitzerland, Lugano Convention inogona kuita basa. Mudziviriri anogonawo kugamuchira simba redare rakatorwa nekubuda mumatare pasina kupikisa simba iroro. Izvi zvinofanirwa kugara zvichiongororwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Mutemo upi unoshanda kana mapato acho akagadzwa munyika dzakasiyana?
Pazvikumbiro zvechibvumirano, mitemo yeRome I Regulation ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa. Kana mapato asina kusarudza mutemo, mutemo wenyika ine chibvumirano chakabatana nacho zvakanyanya unoshanda, uko nzvimbo yekushanda kwechimiro ichi inogona kuve yakakosha. Hurongwa hwakasiyana hunoshanda kune zvikumbiro zvekodzero: musimboti, mutemo wenyika inotsvakirwa kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero unoshandiswa.
Zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa here mushure mekunge kubatana kwapera?
Izvi zvinoenderana nezvibvumirano zvakaitwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyaya yacho. Muchiitiko ichi, zvaive zvakakosha kuti muripo wakaitwa kuti ushandiswe munguva inoenderana nenguva yekuzivisa yakakodzera, uye kuti muparidzi wekuDutch anga achiziva nezvekushandiswa kwedhijitari kwezvinyorwa zvekare kwenguva yakati pasina kuramba. Izvi hazvirevi kuti zvinyorwa zvinogona kushandiswa nguva dzose mushure mekunge kubatana kwapera; zvakakosha kuita zvibvumirano pamusoro penyaya dzakadai sekushandisazve, kuburitswa kwedhijitari, kuchengetedza, uye kushandiswa mushure mekugumiswa.
