Kuparadzana muNetherlands kunotongwa nemamiriro enyu epamutemo, kwete manzwiro enyu nezvehukama hwenyu. Muchato unongopera nemutemo wedare, kubatana kwakanyoreswa kunogona kupedzwa nekuzivisa kwakasainwa, uye kugara pamwe chete zvisina kurongeka kunopera kana mumwe wenyu ataura izvozvo. Chinzvimbo ichocho chinosarudza kuti ndiani angagara mumba, kuti pfuma nezvikwereti zvinogovaniswa sei, kana chirongwa chekurera vana chiri chemutemo uye kana gwaro rekugara rinoenderana nehukama hwenyu richiripo.
Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura hurongwa hwemutemo wekuDutch hwekugumisa hukama neruremekedzo uye pasina kukuvara kunodzivisika: nzira nhatu dzekubuda, mitemo yepekugara, mari nevana, chinzvimbo chemudiwa ane kodzero yekugara munyika iyi chakabatana nehukama, uye matanho aripo kana kuparadzana kwava kusingachengeteke. Zvakanyorwa kuvanhu vanoda kuita izvi nemazvo kekutanga, nekuti kugadzirisa mushure mezvo kunononoka uye kunodhura.
Chinzvimbo chako chepamutemo ndicho chinosarudza kuti ndeipi mitemo inoshanda
Mutemo weDutch unobvuma zvirongwa zvitatu, uye hazvichinjiki. Muchato (huwelijk) nemubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa (geregistreerd partnerschap) zvine mhedzisiro yakafanana asi zvinogara kwenguva refu: hurongwa hwepfuma yakagovaniswa, basa rekutsigirana, kodzero dzepenjeni uye, kazhinji, simba revabereki pamwe chete pavana vanozvarwa panguva yehukama. Zvinonyanya kusiyana mukuti zvinogumiswa sei.
Kugara pamwe chete musina chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete, kana musina chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete (samenlevingscontract), ndiyo gadziriro yechitatu, uye ndiyo inowanzo nzwisiswa zvisina kunaka. Hakuna muchato wevanhu vose muNetherlands. Kugara pamwe chete kwemakore gumi hakuiti kuti mumwe wako awane mari yake, hapana kodzero yekuwana mari yekurarama nayo uye hapana kodzero yepenjeni. Zvamunazvo ndizvo zvamakabvumirana muchibvumirano, zvamunogona kuratidza kuti muri zvenyu, uye izvo mutemo unokupai semuridzi wepfuma yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete. Zvimwe zvese zvinofanirwa kutauriranwa.
Saka kuparadzana muNetherlands kunotanga nekunyora mapepa kwete nekukurukurirana: usati watumira meseji, sarudza kuti ndeipi pavatatu iyi inoshanda kwauri, kana paine vana vadiki, uye kuti zita raani riri parendi, gwaro rechikwereti chemba uye maakaundi ebhangi. Mhinduro idzodzo ina dzinosarudza nzira yese.
Kugumisa muchato: chikumbiro chekurambana
Muchato wekuDutch unogona kungopedzwa nedare chete. Chikumbiro (verzoekschrift) chinoendeswa kuRechtbank negweta; haugone kuchiendesa iwe pachako, uye iyi ndiyo nhanho imwe chete mukuita kwese uko kumiririrwa kwemutemo kunosungirwa. Chikonzero chega ndechekuparara kusingadzoreki, duurzame ontwrichting, pasi pechinyorwa 1:151 cheDutch Civil Code. Hapana chinodiwa chekukanganisa uye hapana nguva yekumirira: kana mumwe wevakaroorana akataura kuti muchato wacho waparara zvisingadzoreki, dare rinozvigamuchira.
Pane nzira mbiri. Muchikumbiro chemubatanidzwa, vaviri vaviri vanorayira gweta rimwe chete kana mumwe nemumwe wavo, vanobvumirana zviri muchibvumirano chekurambana (echtscheidingsconvenant) uye vanokumbira dare kuti rivasimbise. Iyi ndiyo nzira inokurumidza uye yakachipa, uye ndiyo inofanirwa kutariswa nevakawanda; ona gwara redu rekuti kurambana nekukurumidza kunoshanda sei . Muchikumbiro chedivi rimwe chete, mumwe murume/mukadzi anopihwa uye anogona kuendesa dziviriro, mushure mezvo dare rinotanga kunzwa nyaya yacho uye rinosarudza pfungwa dzinokwikwidzana pacharo. Mvumo haidiwi: kurambana kunogona kupihwa kunyangwe mumwe wako achiramba , nekuti kurambana hakugone kuchengetedza muchato uri mupenyu. Dziviriro inochinja inguva yekutevera uye mutengo, ndosaka kurambana kwakakwikwidzana zvechokwadi kuchida nzira yakasiyana kubva pakutanga.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinogara zvichitariswa. Chekutanga, kana paine vana vadiki, chirongwa chekurera vana chinofanira kuperekedzwa nechikumbiro (chikamu 815 ndima 2 yeMutemo weMaitiro eVanhu); pasina izvozvo dare rinogona kuzivisa kuti chikumbiro hachigamuchirwi. Chechipiri, kurambana kunotanga kushanda chete kana murayiro wedare wanyorwa murejista yehofisi yemamiriro ehurumende, uye kupinda ikoko kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu kubva pamurairo wacho wava wekupedzisira (chikamu 1:163 BW). Kurasikirwa nehwindo iroro uye murayiro wacho unorasikirwa nesimba rawo uye uchiri kuroora kana kuroorwa.
Panguva iyo nyaya dziri kuenderera mberi, chero murume kana mukadzi anogona kukumbira dare kuti rivape matanho epakati (voorlopige voorzieningen) pasi pechikamu 821 uye zvinotevera Mutemo weMaitiro eVanhu: kushandiswa kwemba yewanano chete, kuchengetedza, uye gadziriro yenguva pfupi yevana. Izvi zvinosarudzwa nekukurumidza uye zvakagadzirirwa nguva chaiyo iyo pasina chakagadziriswa kusvika pari zvino.
Kugumisa kubatana kwakanyoreswa
Kubatana kwakanyoreswa kunogona kupedzwa pasina kubvunzurudzwa kudare, asi chete kana vakaroorana vasina vana vadiki vavanoshandisa sevabereki vavo. Muchiitiko ichocho vakaroorana vanonyora chibvumirano chavo muchinyorwa chekugumisa, chakasainwa navo vese uye chakasainwa negweta kana notary wemutemo wehurumende, uyo anosimbisa kuti vakaroorana vanobvumirana kuti kubatana kwacho kwaparara zvachose. Chiziviso chinofanira kunyorwa murejista yehofisi yemamiriro ehurumende mukati memwedzi mitatu yekusaina (zvinyorwa 1:80c uye 1:80d BW). Kunyoresa ndiko kunogumisa kubatana; siginecha chete haigumisi.
Kana paine vana vadiki, nzira iyi yekudimbudzira inovharwa uye hukama hwacho hunopedzwa nedare nenzira imwecheteyo yekurambana, kusanganisira chirongwa chekurera vana. Hukama hwakanyoreswa hunogonawo kushandurwa kuita muchato, uye kana zvakadaro hahuperi zvachose pamutemo uye hurongwa hwepfuma hunongoramba huripo.
Kugumisa kugara pamwe chete: zvaunopiwa nemutemo uye zvausingakupe
Kugara pamwe chete zvisina kurongeka kunopera pasina matanho api zvawo. Hapana chekuisa uye hapana chekunyoresa, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nzira isina kudzivirirwa yekuparadzanisa. Kana wakasaina chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete chemumiriri, chiverenge usati waita chimwe chinhu: chinowanzo tara nguva yekuzivisa, chinotaura kuti zvinhu zvemumba zvakatorwa pamwe chete zvinogovaniswa sei, uye chinogona kunge chine chikamu chinopa mudiwa asara kana kuti asara pfuma yemubatanidzwa. Zvikamu izvozvo zvibvumirano zvinosunga uye chinodiwa chekuzivisa ndechechokwadi.
Pasina chibvumirano, muridzi wechinhu anotevedzera gwaro remutemo neumboo. Munhu akanyorwa pa invoice yekutenga, kunyoreswa kwemotokari kana gwaro remutemo ndiye muridzi wechinhu chacho; account yekubatana inofungidzirwa kuti ndeyenyu mese mune migove yakaenzana, nepo bhangi richigona kuita kuti mumwe wenyu ave nemhosva ye overdraft yese. Chero chipi zvacho chamuri vaviri pamwe chete inharaunda iri nyore pasi pe article 3:166 BW, uye mumwe wevaridzi vanogona kukumbira kugoverwa chero nguva pasi pe article 3:178 BW. Hapana muripo wekuchengetedza wepamutemo pakati pevaimbova vagari pamwe chete uye hapana pension equalisation, saka kana makasiya mari yehukama, mutemo hauzokubhadharisei. Zvibvumirano panyaya iyoyo zvinofanirwa kuitwa uye kunyorwa pasi izvozvi.
Ndiani anogara mumba
Nyaya yedzimba ndiyo inowanzoita kuti munhu asarudze imba asati agadzirira, uye mitemo yacho inosiyana zvikuru pakati pekurenda nekuva neimba.
Imba yekurenda
Vakaroorana nevakaroorana vakanyoreswa vanogara pamwe chete nemutemo chero bedzi hukama hwacho huchiripo, kunyangwe kana mumwe chete wavo akasaina chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete (chinyorwa 7:266 BW). Kana muchato kana hukama hwapera, dare rinogona kusarudza kuti ndeupi wevaviri anoramba achibvumirana, uye chisarudzo ichocho chinosunga muridzi wemba. Vakaroorana vanogara pamwe chete havawani dziviriro iyi otomatiki: mumwe asina kuroora anova mumwe chete kana muridzi wemba akabvuma kana dare rikapa chinzvimbo ichocho mushure memhuri inogara pamwe chete, pasi pechinyorwa 7:267 BW. Pasina chinzvimbo ichocho, mumwe asiri muchibvumirano haana kodzero yekugara muimba yacho kana muridzi agumisa imba yemba.
Chikanganiso chimwe chete chinokuvadza zvikuru pano ndechekupa chiziviso, kudzosa makiyi kana kubvisa kero kubva pakunyoresa kuti utaure pfungwa. Mutemo mumwe nemumwe unopera kodzero dzako dzekugara uye haugone kuchinjwa wega wega. Buda kunze kana zvichidikanwa, asi tanga wagadzirisa chinzvimbo chekugara nekunyora.
Dzimba dzinogara varidzi vedzimba
Kana imba iri yemumba mumwe chete, sarudzo iri pakati pekutengesa uye mumwe chete anoitora. Kutenga imba kunoda kutariswa kwemutengo kwakaringana, mvumo yemukweretesi yekusunungura mumwe munhu ari kuenda kubva mumhuri imwe chete uye mutoro wechikwereti chemba, uye gwaro rekusimbisa kuti imba yacho iendeswe kune mumwe munhu. Mukweretesi anoongorora mari inowanikwa nemudiwa wake asara chete uye ane kodzero yekuramba; kusvika zvabvumirana, mumwe munhu akatama anoramba aine mutoro wechikwereti chemba. Mushure mekurambana, mumwe murume aigara muimba yemuchato anogona kukumbira kodzero yekuramba achishandisa imba iyi kwemwedzi mitanhatu achipesana nemumwe (chinyorwa 1:165 BW), iyo inotenga nguva asi isingagadzirise muridzi wayo.
Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, usachinje makiyi emba ane kodzero yekushandisa mumwe munhu. Kubvisa mumwe munhu zvisiri pamutemo kunogona kudzoserwa kumashure muchikamu chekupedzisira uye kunogona kukuisa mumhosva panguva yausingade. Kana mamiriro ehupenyu asingagadzirisike, kumbira dare kuti rikushandise chete.
Mari, pfuma, zvikwereti uye kuchengetedza
Kune michato nehukama hwakanyoreswa hwakaitwa musi wa1 Ndira 2018 kana kuti mushure mayo, mutemo wekusaita upombwe ndewekuti pfuma yese iripo: zvamaiva nazvo mumwe nemumwe wenyu kare, uye zvamakagamuchira sechipo kana nhaka, zvinoramba zviri zvakavanzika, nepo zvese zvakawanikwa panguva yehukama zvichigovaniswa. Michato kubva zuva iroro risati rasvika inowira pasi penharaunda yekare kunze kwekunge mamiriro ekuroorana akabvumiranwa. Kana makasaina huwelijkse voorwaarden, verengai chirevo chekugadzirisa nekungwarira: apo chirevo chekugadzirisa nguva nenguva chisina kumbobvira chaitwa, chinyorwa 1:141 BW chinofungidzira kuti pfuma yese iripo pakupera kwemuchato inofanira kugadziriswa, izvo zvinowanzopesana nezvaifungidzirwa nevaviri ava.
Nharaunda inokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakaenzana pasi pechinyorwa 1:100 BW. Kuvanza pfuma kunorangwa zvakaomarara: pasi pechinyorwa 3:194 ndima 2 BW, mumwe munhu anovanza kana kunyarara nezve pfuma yenharaunda nemaune anorasikirwa nemugove wake mupfuma iyoyo zvachose. Fungidzira kuti magwaro ebhangi neongororo dzepenjeni zvichaburitswa, uye buritsa zvese pachena.
Zvikwereti zvinotevedzera pfungwa yakasiyana neyezvinhu. Chero zvamungabvumirana kuti ndiani anobhadhara chii, mukweretesi haasungirwi nazvo. Bhengi, mukweretesi kana vatungamiriri vemitero vanogona kuramba vachitevera chero chikwereti chakasainwa, saka kusunungurwa kwechokwadi kunoda mvumo yakanyorwa yemukweretesi. Usamborega kubhadhara chikwereti chakabatana kuti nyaya yacho iome: zvikwereti zvakanyoreswa uye zvichaderedza kugona kwako kukwereta kwemakore.
Mari yekubhadhara muwanano inobhadharwa kana mumwe wevakaroorana naye achiida uye mumwe achikwanisa kubhadhara. Kune vakarambana kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020, nguva yacho inenge iri hafu yehurefu hwemuchato nemakore mashanu, kunze kwemutemo wekuroorana kwenguva refu apo mugamuchiri anenge ava kusvika pazera repensheni yenyika uye kune vakaroorana vane vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri. Mari iyi inoverengerwa zvichienderana nekukwanisa uye zvinodiwa uchishandisa Tremanormen inoburitswa gore rega rega neExpert Group on Maintenance Standards, saka usaisa nhamba yawakaverenga pane imwe nzvimbo; kuverenga ndiko kunokosha, uye zvakafanana zvinoshanda panguva iyo chisungo chekuchengetedza chapera . Kodzero dzepensheni dzakagadzirwa panguva yemuchato dzinoenzaniswa pasi pePension Rights Equalisation Act, uye maneja wepensheni anongobhadhara mukadzi wekare zvakananga kana zvikaziviswa mukati memakore maviri kubva pakurambana. Nguva iyoyo yekupedzisira iri nyore kupotsa uye yakakodzera kunyorwa.
Migumisiro yemitero yekuparadzana, kubva panguva yekuchinja kwemari yenyu yekubatana kusvika pakubata kuderedzwa kwemubereko wembatya dzechikwereti, inyaya yemupi wezano wemitero. Tinoshanda nemumwe kana paine nyaya inoda izvozvo, asi isu hatipe mazano emitero isu pachedu.
Vana: simba, hurongwa hwekurera vana uye kuchengetedza
Simba revabereki harichinji nekuti hukama hunochinja. Vabereki vakashandisa simba revabereki vanorichengeta mushure mekuparadzana (chinyorwa 1:251 ndima 2 BW), uye shanduko inoda sarudzo yedare. Kubva 1 Ndira 2023, murume kana mukadzi asina kuroora kana kuroorwa anobvuma mwana anowana simba revabereki panguva yekubvuma, saka vanababa vazhinji vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa naamai pamwe chete vava nesimba ravo vega pavaifanira kunge vakumbira kuti rivepo.
Vabereki vane vana vadiki vanofanira kugadzira hurongwa hwekurera vana kana vaparadzana. Izvi zvinodiwa nemutemo mukurambana nekuparadzana kwevana uye zvinoshandawo kuvabereki vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa vane simba rakabatana pasi pechinyorwa 1:247a BW. Hurongwa uhwu hunofanira kufukidza kugoverwa kwekuchengetwa nekurerwa, kuti vabereki vachazivisana sei uye vachabvunzana sei nezvevana, uye mari yacho. Hurongwa hunoshanda hwakanyatsojeka: mazuva akatarwa, nzvimbo dzekupa vana mazita, nzira imwe chete yekutaurirana, uye nzira yakabvumiranwa yekusawirirana kusati kwawedzera. Ongororo yedu yematanho ekurambana inoratidza kuti hurongwa hwacho hunoenderana papi nehurongwa hwakakura.
Mari yekuchengeta mwana inobhadharwa kusvika mwana asvitsa makore gumi nemasere, uye mubhadharo wacho unoramba uripo kune vana vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nerimwe vasina mari yakakwana (chinyorwa 1:395a BW). Inoverengerwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana uye kugona kwemubereki wega wega kubhadhara. Kana mubereki anobhadhara akatadza kubhadhara, mari yacho inogona kuendeswa kuNational Maintenance Collection Agency, iyo ine masimba ekumanikidza asina mukweretesi wepachivande.
Kana mvumo yako yekugara ichienderana nehukama hwako
Mvumo yekugara yakapihwa yekugara nemumwe wako kana murume/mukadzi inomira kana kuti inodonha nehukama ihwohwo. Kuguma kwehukama ishanduko yemamiriro ezvinhu inofanirwa kuziviswa kuImmigration and Naturalisation Service (IND), uye mvumo inogona kubviswa kubva pazuva rakapera mhuri yakabatana. Nekuti IND inoongorora database yezvinyorwa zvemunhu zvekanzuru, kubvisa kunyoresa kubva pakero yakabatana kunoitika panguva iyo wachi inotanga.
Handizvo zvinogumira ipapo. Kugara kwenguva refu mudzimba dzisina rubatsiro rwechinguvana kunogona kuwanikwa, kunyanya kana mumwe wako agara aine mvumo kwemakore akati wandei, uye kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana zvevanhu vane hukama hwakaguma nekuda kwemhirizhonga yemumba kana mhirizhonga ine chekuita nerukudzo. Zvikumbiro izvi zvine magwaro akawanda - zvinorema uye zvinotora nguva, saka tevera mazano usati wachinja kunyoresa kwako zviri pamutemo, kwete mushure mezvo. Chinhu chimwe chete chekuronga: kubvira musi wa15 Kubvumbi 2025 hapana muripo wemutongo wekutonga wesarudzo yekunonoka neIND, saka chikumbiro chakanonoka hachichagoni kukurumidziswa nenzira iyoyo; kukwidza nyaya yekukundikana kusarudza nenguva kuchiripo.
Kana kurambana kwacho kwava kusingakuvadzi
Kuparadzana kwakawanda hakudi chero chimwe cheizvi, asi matanho aripo uye anoshanda. Kana waimbova mudiwa asingaregi kutaura newe, kukutevera kana kukumirira, mutemo wezvemhosva unoti izvi zvinonetsa (kukutevera) pasi pechikamu 285b cheCriminal Code. Imhosva yekunyunyuta: mapurisa anogona kuferefeta, asi kupomerwa kunoda kuti munhu anenge abatwa anyorese kunyunyuta kwacho mukati menguva yakatarwa nemutemo, saka kuzivisa nyaya. Panguva imwe cheteyo, dare redzimhosva rinogona kuisa kurambidzwa kwekutaurirana kana kurambidzwa kwenzvimbo mumatanho mapfupi, zvichibva pakuti maitiro acho haasi pamutemo pasi pechikamu 6:162 BW, chinowanzosimbiswa nechirango chekutyora kwega kwega.
Kana paine kutyisidzira kwemhirizhonga mumba, meya anogona kuisa gwaro rekudzivirira kwenguva pfupi kumunhu ari kutyisidzira pasi peTemporary Domestic Exclusion Order Act. Rinobvisa munhu iyeye pamba kwemazuva gumi uye rinogona kuwedzerwa kusvika pamazuva makumi maviri nemasere, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nenzvimbo yekuronga matanho echigarire. Veilig Thuis ndiyo nzvimbo yenyika inopa mazano uye yekuzivisa nezvemhirizhonga yemumba uye inogona kutaurwa nevanhu vasingazivikanwe; kana uri munjodzi yekukurumidza nhamba yacho i112.
Nyevero mbiri. Chengeta humbowo: chengetedza mameseji, mapikicha uye magwaro ekufona uye chengeta rondedzero yezviitiko zvine musi, nekuti murairo wedare unoda chokwadi, kwete maonero. Uye usatsvage humbowo muakaundi yemumwe munhu. Kupinda mue-mail yemumwe munhu, foni kana cloud storage pasina mvumo kutyora mutemo wekombiyuta pasi pechikamu 138ab cheCriminal Code, uye zvinokuita kuti ubve pakuva munhu anokupomera mhosva uve munhu anofungirwa.
Kurongeka kwebasa mumavhiki ekutanga
Tanga nekuongorora kwepamutemo kwatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, nekuti ndiko kunosarudza zvimwe zvese. Wobva wachengetedza zvinhu zvekutanga: account yako yekubhangi, muhoro wako unoendeswa kwairi, uye runyorwa rwechokwadi rwemari dzinobhadharwa pamwe chete, uchidzima chete dziri dzako zvechokwadi kuti udzimise. Chinja mapassword ako, bvumira two-factor authentication, buda mumidziyo inogovaniswa uye gumisa nzvimbo inogovaniswa, makarenda uye maalbum emifananidzo. Hapana chimwe cheizvozvo chinokuvadza; hutsanana hwaungaita mushure mekurasikirwa nefoni.
Bata kupihwa kwemunhu sechibvumirano chakanyorwa: zuva nenguva zvakabvumiranwa, zvinhu zvine mapikicha, kuverenga mita, makiyi uye fobs zvakadzoserwa zvichienderana nekusimbiswa kweemail. Simbisa zvese zvakarongwa nekunyora pazuva rimwe chete, mumutauro usina kwawakarerekera, nenzira imwe chete. Mashoko iwayo anova faira kana nyaya yacho ikaendeswa kudare gare gare, uye mashoko akadzikama, echokwadi akakosha zvikuru mufaira iroro pane kutaura kwakanyatsokakavadzana. Kana mibvunzo inoshanda nezvenguva ikamuka, igadzirise nenzira imwe chete iyoyo.
Pamunogona kutaura, kupindirana kwemhuri ndiyo nzira iri nani: murevereri wemhuri anogona kugadzira chibvumirano chekurambana nehurongwa hwekurera vana izvo dare rinozongosimbisa, nemutengo mudiki pane mutengo wematare. Kana musingakwanise, mhinduro haisi yekupokana kwenguva refu asi chikumbiro chakagadzirwa nekukurumidza. Chero nzira, chinangwa chimwe chete: kugadzirisana kwakazara, kwakanyorwa, uye kunogona kusimbiswa, saka kuparadzaniswa kunopera zvechokwadi.
Law & More inopa mazano kune vakaroorana, vakaroorana vakanyoreswa uye vanogara pamwe chete padanho rega rega rekuparadzana muNetherlands, kubva pakuongorora kwekutanga kwenzvimbo yako kusvika pachibvumirano chekurambana, hurongwa hwekurera vana uye, kana zvichidikanwa, mamiriro ezvinhu pamberi pedare. Kana uchida kuziva paumire usati watora danho rausingakwanise kudzorera shure, yedu magweta ekurambana at Law & More Vanofara kupindura mamiriro ako ezvinhu newe.
