1. Nhanganyaya: Ndirini Irini Kurimwa Kusingasungirwe uye Nei Izvi Zvakakosha
Alimony haisi nguva dzose inosungirwa mushure mekurambana. Mugwaro iri, iwe uchaona chaizvo mumamiriro api ausingafanirwe kubhadhara rutsigiro rwemurume kana tsigiro yemwana, ndezvipi zvisiri pamutemo zviripo, uye kuti ungaronga sei zviri pamutemo izvi.
Mushure mekurambana kana kubviswa kwemubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa, chisungo che alimony hachingoerekana chamuka. Pane mamiriro chaiwo ausingafanirwe kubhadhara alimony zvachose, kana umo chisungo chiripo chinopera. Izvi zvinogona kukuchengetedza zviuru zvemapaunzi pagore.
Mugwaro iri rakazara, tinovhara mamiriro ese ayo kuchengetedza kusinga sungirwe, matanho ekumisa kuchengetedza, inoshanda mienzaniso kubva kune kesi. mutemo uye mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa. Ungave uchida kuziva kuti kuchengetedza kwewawakaroorana naye kunopera rinhi kana kuti kuchengetwa kwemwana kunopera pasi pei, uchawana ruzivo rwese rwaunoda pano.
2. Kunzwisisa Zvisungo Zvokuchengeta: Pazviri Uye Pazvisingadikanwi
2.1 Mhando dzeKuchengeta uye Mitemo Yakakosha
Kune marudzi maviri makuru ekuchengetedza: kuchengetedza murume nemudzimai uye kuchengetedza mwana. Kuchengetedzwa kwewawakaroorana naye mupiro wemari uyo waaimbova mukwanyina ane mari yakawanda anobhadhara kune aimbova mukwanyina nemari shoma mushure mekurambana. Kuchengeta vana ndiyo mupiro wemari mukuchengetedza vana.
Chisungo chekuchengetedza chinomuka chete munyaya yezvibvumirano zvepamutemo. Pakuchengeta murume/mukadzi, panofanira kunge paine muchato kana mubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa. Kugarisana pasina chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete hakutungamiri kune chisungo chekuchengetedza pakati pevadyidzani. Pakuchengeta mwana, chisungo chekuchengeta chinoshanda chete kune vega, vana vanozivikanwa zviri pamutemo.
Tip: Zvakakosha kuziva mutsauko pakati pekusavapo kwechisungo uye kupera kwechisungo chiripo. Hapana chisungo chinoreva kuti pakanga pasina kumbosungirwa. Kugumisa kunoreva kuti chisungo chekugadzirisa chiripo chinomira mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
2.2 Hukama pakati pemitemo yakasiyana yekuchengetedza
Rutsigiro rwevakaroorana uye rubatsiro rwevana runoenderana nemitemo nemamiriro akasiyana. Mutongi anogara achiona kana pane mari yakakwana uye inoda kutsigirwa. Iko kuverengera kunobva pamari inoraswa inoraswa kubvisa mari inodiwa. Anogamuchira rubatsiro anogona zvakare kuzvipa zvizere raramo yake kuburikidza nekuwedzera mari.
Zuva rekurambana rakakosha pakushandiswa kwemitemo. Kubva 1 Ndira 2020, mutemo mutsva wanga uchishanda apo rutsigiro rwevakaroora runogara kwemakore mashanu, pachinzvimbo chemakore gumi nemaviri apfuura. Nguva yerutsigiro inotarwa nenhamba yemakore vakaroorana (makore vakaroorana). Pakurambana zuva iri risati rasvika, zvimwe zvibvumirano zvinogona kushanda, sezvakarongwa muchibvumirano chekurambana. Kana mubatanidzwa wakatora nguva yakareba kupfuura makore gumi nemashanu, imwe nguva yakakura yakasiyana inoshanda kune rutsigiro rwevakaroorana.
Kuwanda kwekuchengetedza kunoenderana nezvinhu zvitatu: zvinodikanwa zvemugamuchiri, huwandu hwemari yemubhadhari uye chero zvibvumirano zvakaitwa pakati pevaimbova shamwari.
3. Mitemo uye Kunyoresa Kudyidzana
3.1 Nheyo dzeMutemo dzeKuchengeta
Nheyo yepamutemo yekuchengetedza muNetherlands inoiswa muCivil Code. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vaimbova vadyidzani vane chisungo chekuchengetedza mumwe nemumwe uye nevana vavo mushure mekurambana kana kubviswa kwemubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, sewaimbova mudiwa, unogona kusungirwa kubhadhara mari yekuchengeta kana yekuchengeta mwana, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Pakusarudza kuchengetedza, dare rinogara richifunga zvinodiwa neaimbova mudiwa uye kukwanisa kwemari yebato rinobhadhara. Nguva yemuchato kana yekudyidzana yakanyoreswa inoitawo chikamu muhuwandu uye nguva yekuchengeta. Hazvina mhosva kuti wanga wakaroora here kana kuti uri mumubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa: mitemo yepamutemo yekuchengeta yakafanana mune zvese zviri zviviri. Chisungo chekuchengetedza chinoramba chiripo kwenguva yakareba sekutonga kwemutongi kana kusvika pane chikonzero chepamutemo chekuchigumisa.
3.2 Mitemo yakananga yekudyidzana kwakanyoreswa
Kumubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa, mitemo yacho yakangofanana neyewanano, asi pane zvibodzwa zvishoma zvekucherechedza. Kubva 1 Ndira 2020, iyo yakanyanya nguva yerutsigiro yevakaroorana imakore mashanu, kunze kwekunge paine vana pamwe chete kana kudyidzana kwakatora makore anopfuura gumi nemashanu. Kana muine vana pamwe chete, rubatsiro rwevakaroorana runogona kuenderera mberi kwenguva yakareba, kureva kusvikira mwana muduku asvika makore 12. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dare rinogona kusarudza kuti rubatsiro runofanira kubhadharwa kwenguva yakareba, somuenzaniso kana waimbova mudiwa asati azvimiririra mune zvemari. Naizvozvo huchenjeri kugara uchibvunza chipangamazano wezvemari kana gweta pakugumisa mubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa. Nenzira iyi, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti unoziva nezvehurefu hwenguva yekutsigirwa kwevakaroorana uye kana chero kusarudzika kunoshanda mumamiriro ako ezvinhu. Kugadzirira kwakanaka kunodzivirira kushamisika uye kunovimbisa kuti zvibvumirano zvakaitwa zviri pamutemo.
4. Shanduko kubva 1 Ndira 2020
4.1 Shanduko huru mumutemo
Kubva 1 Ndira 2020, mitemo yakatenderedza rutsigiro rwevakaroora yachinja zvakanyanya. Nguva yakawanda yekutsigirwa kwevakaroorana yakaderedzwa kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri kusvika kumakore mashanu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kazhinji, sebato rinobhadhara, hauchafanirwa kubhadhara rutsigiro kune wawakambofambidzana naye kana wawakanyoresa kare kwenguva inodarika makore mashanu. Pane zvisizvo, semuenzaniso kana mwana mudiki ari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri ekuzvarwa kana kana kudyidzana kwakatora nguva yakareba kupfuura makore gumi nemashanu. Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo zvino unotaura kuti rubatsiro rwevakaroorana runomira kamwe chete kana wawakambodanana naye akagara nemumwe mutsva, akaroorazve kana kupinda mumubatanidzwa mutsva wakanyoreswa. Shanduko idzi dzakagadzirirwa kuita kuti hurongwa hwekugadzirisa huve hwakanaka uye hujeka. Zvakakosha kunyatsoziva nezvemitemo mitsva iyi pakurambana kana kugumisa hukama hwakanyoreswa. Gweta rakakodzera rinogona kukuraira nezvehurefu hwenguva yekuchengetedza, mhedzisiro yekugarisana kana hukama hutsva, uye nzira yakanakisa yemamiriro ako pachako. Izvi zvinokutadzisa kubhadhara nguva yakareba kupfuura inodiwa nemutemo.
3. Sei ruzivo pamusoro pezvisiri zvekuchengetedza zvakakosha
Kunzwisisa kusarura kwekuchengetedza kune mhedzisiro yemari yakananga. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeCBS kubva muna 2023, vanhu vakarambana vanobhadhara avhareji ye£800 kusvika £1,200 pamwedzi mukuchengetedza murume nemukadzi. Kwemakore mashanu, izvi zvinogona kuita £48,000 kusvika £72,000. Kubhadhara kusina kufanira nokudaro kunogona kuita mari yakawanda.
Chokwadi chepamutemo chakakoshawo. Nekuziva kana alimony isinga sungirwe, unogona kudzivirira kutongwa kwenguva refu uye kusava nechokwadi. Mupi wezano wezvemari kana arimoni nyanzvi anogona kubatsira nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, asi ruzivo rwekutanga nezve kunze runochengetedza nguva nemari.
Shanduko yemutemo ye1 Ndira 2020 yakakonzera kusavimbika kukuru pamusoro pezvisungo zvekugadzirisa. Avo vanoziva kodzero dzavo uye zvavanosungirwa vanogona kuita nenguva uye vanodzivisa zvisungo zvekubhadhara kwenguva refu zvisina kufanira.
4. Muchidimbu mamiriro ezvinhu: kana kuchengetedza kusingadiwi
Mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera, hapana chisungo chekugadzirisa:
| Situation Rutsigiro rwevakaroorana | Conditions | Kubva rinhi |
|---|---|---|
| Hapana kugona kwemari | Mari yaunowana haikwane pakurarama kwako | nguva dzose |
| Hapana chikonzero | Ex-partner ane mari yakakwana | nguva dzose |
| Kupera kwenguva yemutemo | 5 makore apfuura (mutemo mutsva) | 1 January 2020 |
| Hukama hutsva hweaimbova mudiwa | Wanano, kunyoreswa kudyidzana kana kugara pamwe chete | nguva dzose |
| Zvibvumirano zvake | Ita muchibvumirano chekurambana | Sezvakabvumiranwa |
| rufu | Mumwe wemapato akafa | nguva dzose |
| Situation Kuchengeta mwana | Conditions | Kusvika pazera ripi |
| Mwana akazvimirira nemari | Mari yake yekurarama nayo | shanduka |
| Zera rasvika | Mwana ane makore 18 (kana 21 kana achidzidza) | 18-21 |
| Hapana mwana wega | Hapana mubereki wekubereka kana wepamutemo | Usambomanikidzirwa |
| rufu | Mwana kana mubereki akafa | nguva dzose |
Chisungo chekuchengetedza chinopera kana aimbova mudiwa anogamuchira kuchengetedza akapinda muukama hutsva, kugarisana, kuroora kana kupinda mumubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa. Kuchengeta vakaroorana kunoperawo kana nguva yemutemo yapera, panofa mumwe wemapato kana kuti penjeni yehurumende yatanga uye zera remudyandigere rehurumende rasvika.
Kana mamiriro emunhu anogamuchira rubatsiro kana kuchengetedza akachinja, semuenzaniso nekuda kwehukama hutsva kana mari yakakwana yavo, izvi zvinokanganisa kodzero yavo yekuchengetedza uye chisungo chinogona kupera.
Urongwa hwakasiyana hunogona kushanda pakurambana pamberi pa 1 Ndira 2020. Naizvozvo, gara uchitarisa chibvumirano chekurambana kune zvakatemwa maererano nehurefu hwenguva yekutsigirwa kwevakaroorana.
5. Nhanho-ne-nhanho: Nzira yekugumisa kana kudzivirira zvisungo zvekuchengetedza
Danho 1: Tarisa Mamiriro Ako
Unganidza magwaro ese akakodzera akadai sechibvumirano chekurambana, data remari ichangoburwa uye humbowo hwekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Ita rondedzero yekutarisa kuti ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekuregererwa zvinoshanda kune yako mamiriro.
Verenga huwandu hwemari yako zvichienderana neLBIO nhungamiro (National Maintenance Collection Agency). Izvi zvinokupa iwe pfungwa yekuti uchine mari yakakwana yekubhadhara kuchengetedza. Funga nezvekuchinja kwemari, mari yakatarwa kana zvisungo zvitsva zvemari.
Kuti uwane rubatsiro rwevakaroorana: tarisa kuti nguva yemutemo yemakore mashanu yapera here, kana wawakambodanana naye ari muukama hutsva, kana kuti zvimwe zvakachinja. Kuti utsigire mwana: tarisa kuti mwana wako asvika zera re18 here kana kuti akazvimiririra mune zvemari. Kana mwana ane makore 18 kana kupfuura achiwana mari yakakwana kuti azviriritire, panogona kunge pasisina kudiwa kwekuriritira vana.
Danho rechipiri: Tanga maitiro epamutemo
Kutanga, edza kusvika pazvibvumirano zvitsva neaimbova mudiwa wako kuburikidza nemuyananisi. Nyaya dzakawanda dzinogona kugadziriswa nenzira iyi pasina kutongwa kwemutemo kunodhura. Muyananisi anobatsira kusvika pachibvumirano chinogamuchirika kune vose vari vaviri.
Kana kubvunzurudza kukakundikana, matanho emutemo achave akakodzera. Bata gweta rinoona nezvemutemo wemhuri. Gweta rakakodzera rinoziva nezvemitemo yekuchengetedza uye rinogona kuongorora mikana yako.
Tumira chikumbiro kudare kuti ukumbire shanduko kana kumisa kuchengetedza. Kana mamiriro achinja zvakanyanya, iwe unogona zvakare kuve neyakagadziriswa kugadzirisa kuverenga kwakaitwa. Shandisa humbowo hunotsigira hwakadai seLBIO kuchengetedza kuverenga. Mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi, akadai sechirwere chenguva refu kana kushaya basa, chisungo chekuchengetedza chinogona kuongororwa zvakare.
Nhanho 3: Rekodha uye tarisa mhedzisiro
Mushure mekutonga kwakanaka kwedare, unofanirwa kuita sarudzo. Zivisa mushandirwi wako kana paive nekushongedza kwemuhoro uye taura chero shanduko kune zviremera zvemitero pamutero wako wemari.
Tarisa gore negore kana mamiriro acho achiri kushanda. Shanduko dzinogona kukanganisa chisungo chekuchengetedza. Ramba uchinyora nezvemazuva anokosha, akadai seapo mwana mudiki anosvitsa makore 12 kana kuti nguva yepamutemo inopera.
Chengetedza magwaro ese kubva muhurongwa kuti ugozoashandisa mune ramangwana, kunyanya kana shanduko dzikaitika zvakare gare gare.
6. Kukanganisa kwakajairika pakugumisa kuchengetedza
Mistake 1: Kumisa kubhadhara pasina mvumo yedare Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti vanogona kumirakuripa kana nguva yemutemo yapera kana kuti aimbofambidzana naye ari muukama hutsva. Izvi hazvibvumidzwe. Chisungo chekuchengetedza chinoramba chiripo kusvika dare rasarudza neimwe nzira.
Mistake 2: Kusazivisa hukama hutsva hwewawakambofambidzana naye munguva yakakodzera Kana wako wekare akapinda muukama hutsva, akaroora kana kutamira nemumwe munhu, unofanirwa kuudza izvi nenguva. Kumirira kunogona kureva kuti unobhadhara kuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba kupfuura zvinodiwa.
Mistake 3: Kuvhiringa rutsigiro rwevakaroorana uye rubatsiro rwevana Mitemo yekutsigirwa kwevakaroorana uye kutsigirwa kwevana inosiyana zvikuru. Rutsigiro rwevakaroorana runowanzopera mushure memakore mashanu (kubva 1 Ndira 2020), nepo rubatsiro rwevana ruchienderera mberi kusvikira mwana asvika zera re18 kana 21. Nyatsoteerera kune izvi.
Tip: Nguva dzose tevera nzira yepamutemo. Kumisa kubhadhara iwe pachako kunogona kutungamirira kumusana uye matambudziko emutemo. Isai mari mumazano emutemo; mari yacho inowanzopfuura mari yakachengetwa.
7. Muenzaniso unoshanda: Kugumisa kunobudirira kwetsigiro yevakaroorana
Mhosva: Jan akabhadhara € 1,000 mukutsigira mudzimai kune aimbova mudzimai wake Marie kwemakore mashanu mushure mekurambana kwavo munaJanuary 2018. Imba yavo yakagara makore masere uye vakanga vasina vana pamwe chete.
Mamiriro ekutanga:
- Kurambana: Ndira 2018
- Muchato wakagara: 8 makore
- Tsigiro yevakaroorana: € 1000 pamwedzi
- Hapana vana pamwe chete
- Alimony yakatanga muna Kukadzi 2018
Matanho akatorwa:
- January 2023: Jan akaona kuti nguva yemutemo yemakore mashanu yaizopera muna Kukadzi 2023
- February 2023: Zano remutemo rakatsvakwa kubva kugweta
- March 2023: Chikumbiro chakaendeswa kudare kuti rimise rutsigiro rwevakaroorana
- April 2023: Mutongi akapa mutongo wekuti rutsigiro rwevakaroora ruchapera musi wa1 Chivabvu 2023
Mhedzisiro
- Chisungo chekuchengetedza chakamiswa kubva muna Chivabvu 2023
- Kuchengetedza kwegore: € 12,000
- Mari yemutemo yegweta: € 2,800
- Mambure ekuchengetedza mugore rekutanga: € 9,200
| Nemakore | Action | mutengo | Savings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 2023 | Oriental uye mazano | € 300 | - |
| Mar 2023 | Tanga maitiro | € 2,500 | - |
| Dai 2023 | Alimony inopera | - | € 12,000 / gore |
| muunganidzwa | Mwaka wekutanga | € 2,800 | € 9,200 |
Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza kukosha kwekuita zvinhu nenguva. Jan angadai akatanga maitiro muna Ndira 2023 uye akachengetedza mwedzi miviri yekubhadhara alimony.
8. Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pekusabhadhara mari yekugadzirisa
Mubvunzo wekutanga: "Ko kana wandaimbofambidzana naye akasabvuma kumisa mari yekubhadhara mari?"
Iwe haudi mvumo yako yekare kana paine zvikonzero zvepamutemo zvekugumisa alimony. Dare rinozopedzisira rasarudza kana zvisungo zvazadzikiswa. Ex wako anogona kuramba, asi hazvireve kuti nyaya yacho ichamiswa.
Mubvunzo 2: "Ndingadzoserwa mari here kana ndakabhadhara zvisiri izvo?"
Kazhinji kwete, kunze kwekunge paine kutenda kwakashata kwakasimbiswa kune wawaimbova mudiwa wako. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvichikosha kuita chiito panguva apo mamiriro ezvinhu anochinja.
Mubvunzo 3: "Mutemo wemakore mashanu unoshandawo here pakuchengeta mwana?"
Aiwa, nguva yemutemo yemakore mashanu inongoshanda kune rubatsiro rwevakaroorana kubva 1 Ndira 2020. Rutsigiro rwevana runoenderera kusvika mwana asvika zera re18, kana 21 kana vari kudzidza kana vasina mari yavo.
Mubvunzo wechina: "Ndeipi mari yekutongwa kwematare uye ko kana ndine matambudziko emari?"
Mari yemutemo inosiyana pakati pe € 2,000 ne € 4,000 yezviyero zvakajairwa. Vamwe vanhu vanokodzera kuwana rubatsiro rwemutemo. Mari yacho inowanzodzoserwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekuchengetwa kwekuchengetedza.
Mubvunzo wechishanu: "Ko kana wandaimbofambidzana naye akaroorazve kana kupinda mumubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa?"
Tsigiro yevakaroorana inomira otomatiki kana ex wako akaroorazve kana kupinda mumubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa. Unofanira kuita kuti izvi zvigadzirwe zviri pamutemo nedare. Kugara pamwe chete muhukama hutsva hwenguva refu kunogonawo kuva chikonzero chekugumisa rubatsiro rwevakaroorana.
Mubvunzo wechitanhatu: "Ndingabvumirana here kwenguva yakareba muchibvumirano chekurambana?"
Hongu, unogona kubvuma kuti rubatsiro rwevakaroorana ruchagara kwenguva yakareba kana kupfupika kupfuura makore mashanu. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuve zvine musoro uye zvinogona kugadziriswa nedare kana mamiriro akachinja.
9. Mhedziso: Pfungwa Huru Kuchengeta Kunze
Mamiriro mashanu akanyanya kukosha ausingafanirwe kubhadhara kuchengetedza ndeaya: kushaikwa kwesimba remari kana chinodiwa, kupera kwenguva yemutemo yemakore mashanu, hukama hutsva hweaimbova mudiwa wako, zvibvumirano zvakananga muchibvumirano chekurambana, uye mamiriro akachinja zvakanyanya.
Usamborega kubhadhara pasina mvumo yedare. Pasina mutongo wepamutemo, chisungo chekuchengetedza chinoramba chiripo.
Mutengo wematare emutemo unowanzopfuura mari yakachengetwa. Nekubhadhara pamwedzi yekuchengetedza kwe £ 1,000, iwe unokurumidza kudzorera mari yepamutemo.
Bata gweta rine mazvikokota rezvemitemo yemhuri kuti uwane mazano. Mamiriro ese ezvinhu akasiyana uye anofanirwa nemhinduro yakagadzirwa.
Inotevera nhanho: Tarisa chibvumirano chako chekurambana uye mamiriro ako azvino. Unofunga kuti uri kubhadhara mari yemendenenzi here? Wobva wabata gweta remutemo wemhuri pa Law & More kukurumidza kukuru. Kuita munguva yakanaka kunogona kukuchengetedza mari yakawanda.