Pakutanga isu takanyora a blog nezve mamiriro ezvinhu pasi pekuti kubhuroka kunogona kuiswa uye mashandiro aya. Kunze kwekubhuroka (kwakagadzwa muChinyorwa I), iyo Bankruptcy Act (muDutch iyo Faillissementswet, kuno kunzi 'Fw') ine mamwe maitiro maviri. Zvinoreva kuti: kumiswa (Musoro wechipiri) uye chirongwa chekugadzirisa chikwereti chevanhu venyama (Musoro wechitatu, unozivikanwawo seMutemo Wechikwereti Kugadziridza Natural Persons Act kana muDutch iyo Wet Schuldsanering Natuurlijke Munhu 'WSNP'). Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemaitiro aya? Muchikamu chino tichatsanangura izvi.
Kushungurudza
Kutanga uye pamberi pezvese, iyo Fw inogadzirisa maitiro ekubhuroka. Kuitika uku kunosanganisira kubatanidza kwese kwese kwese kwemunhu ane chikwereti kuitira kubatsira vanobhadhara. Izvo zvine chekuita pamwe kugadzirisa. Kunyangwe mukana uripo nguva dzose kune vakweretesi kutsvaga kugadzirisa mumwe nemumwe kunze kwekubhuroka pahwaro hwezvakapihwa zveCode yeCivil Procedure (muDutch Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering kana 'Rv'), iyi haisi nguva dzose sarudzo inodiwa munharaunda. Kana mubatanidzwa wekugadzirisa mashandiro akaiswa panzvimbo, inochengetedza yakawanda nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwana zita rinomanikidzwa nekusimbisa. Pamusoro pezvo, midziyo yemunhu ane chikwereti yakakamurwa zvakaenzana pakati pevakakwereta, zvakasiyana nechero nzira yekushandisa, uko pasina kurongeka kwekutanga.
Mutemo unosanganisira zvakati wandei zvezvirongwa zveiyi nzira yekugadzirisa kugadzirisa. Kana iyo kubhuroka ikarairwa, uyo ane chikwereti anorasikirwa nekurasa uye manejimendi yeiyo (iyo imba) iyo yakavhurika kupora zvichienderana neChinyorwa 23 Fw. Uye zvakare, hazvichakwanisike kune vakweretesi kuti vatsvage kugadzirisa chimwe nechimwe, uye zvese zvakabatanidzwa zvakaitwa pamberi pebhurasi zvakamiswa (Chinyorwa 33 Fw). Izvo chete mukana wevakakwereta mukubhuroka kuti vawane zvavanoda kubhadharwa kuendesa izvi zvirevo kuti zvionekwe (Chinyorwa 26 Fw). Anobvumidza kubhuroka anofambisa liquidator anosarudzwa uyo anosarudza pane ongororo uye anotarisira nekugadzirisa nzvimbo yacho kuti ibatsirike yeavo vakweretesi (Chinyorwa 68 Fw).
Kumiswa kwekubhadhara
Chechipiri, iyo FW inopa imwe nzira: kumiswa kwekubhadhara. Maitiro aya haana kuitirwa kugovera zviwanikwa zvemunhu ane chikwereti sekubhuroka, asi kuzvichengeta. Kana zvichiri kugoneka kubuda mutsvuku uye nekudaro kudzivisa kubhuroka, izvi zvinongogoneka kune ane chikwereti kana achinyatso chengetedza zvinhu zvake. Munhu ane chikwereti anogona kunyorera kumiswa kana asiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akamira kubhadhara zvikwereti zvake, asi kana kufanoona kuti achange ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro mune ramangwana (Chinyorwa 214 Fw).
Kana chikumbiro chekumira chikabvumidzwa, uyo ane chikwereti haakwanise kumanikidzwa kubhadhara zvirevo zvakafukidzwa nekumiswa, zvirevo zvakamiswa, uye zvese zvakabatanidzwa (zvekuchengetedza uye zvinomanikidzirwa) zvinomiswa. Pfungwa iri shure kweiyi ndeyekuti nekutora kumanikidza, pane mukana wekugadzirisazve. Nekudaro, muzviitiko zvakawanda izvi hazvibudirire, nekuti zvichiri kugona kumanikidza zvirevo zvinoiswa pamberi (semuenzaniso mune kodzero yekuchengetwa kana kodzero yechibatiso kana mogeji). Iko kunyorera kwekumiswa kunogona kuseta mabhero e alarm kune avo vane chikwereti uye nekudaro kuvakurudzira kuomerera pakubhadhara. Uye zvakare, zvinongova kusvika padanho rakaganhurirwa rinogoneka kuti uyo ane chikwereti agadzirisezve vashandi vake.
Kugadziriswa kwechikwereti kwevanhu chaivo
Maitiro echitatu muFw, kugadzirisa chikwereti kune vanhu venyama, zvakafanana nehurongwa hwekubhuroka. Nekuti makambani anoputswa kuburikidza nekumiswa kwemaitiro ekubhuroka, vakweretesi havasisina chikwereti uye havagone kuwana mari yavo. Izvi, hongu, hazvisi izvo zvemunhu chaiye, zvinoreva kuti vamwe vakweretesi vanogona kuteedzerwa nevanokweretesa kwehupenyu hwavo hwese. Ndokusaka, mushure mekubudirira mhedzisiro, mukweretesi anogona kutanga nesipo yakachena nemaitiro ekugadzirisa chikwereti.
Slate yakachena zvinoreva kuti zvikwereti zvisina kubhadharwa zvemunhu ane chikwereti zvinoshandurwa kuita zvisungo zvechisikigo (Chinyorwa 358 Fw). Izvi hazvimanikidzwe nemutemo, saka zvinogona kuonekwa sekungosungirwa kwetsika. Kuti uwane iyi slate yakachena, zvakakosha kuti uyo ane chikwereti aite nesimba rakawanda sezvinobvira panguva yechirongwa chekuunganidza mari yakawanda sezvinobvira. Chikamu chakakura chezvinhu izvi chinobva chadzimwa, senge mune maitiro ekubhuroka.
Chikumbiro chekugadzirisa chikwereti chinongopihwa chete kana munhu ane chikwereti akaita mukutendeka kwakanaka mumakore mashanu apfuura chikumbiro. Mamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji anotorwa mukutariswa mune ino ongororo, kusanganisira kana zvikwereti kana kutadza kubhadhara zvine mhosva uye nekuyedza kwekuedza kubhadhara zvikwereti izvi. Kutenda kwakanaka kwakakoshawo panguva uye mushure mekutongwa. Kana paine kushomeka kwekutenda kwakanaka panguva yekutongwa, maitiro acho anogona kumiswa (Chinyorwa 350 ndima 3 Fw). Kutenda kwakanaka kumagumo uye mushure mekufamba kwacho zvakare chikonzero chekupa nekuchengetedza yakachena slate.
Muchikamu chino tapa tsananguro ipfupi yenzira dzakasiyana muFw. Kune rimwe divi kune maitirwo ebatiro: maitiro ekubhuroka kwakawanda uye maitiro ekugadzirisa chikwereti anongoshanda chete kuvanhu venyama. Muzviitiko izvi, zvinhu zvemunhu ane chikwereti zvinobviswa pamwechete kuti vabatsire vane chikwereti. Kune rimwe divi, kune kumiswa kwemaitiro ekubhadhara ayo, neku'mira 'zvisungo zvekubhadhara kune vasina kukweretesa zvikwereti, zvinogona kugonesa mukwereta kugadzirisa zvinhu zvake uye nokudaro achidzivirira kubhuroka kunogona kuitika. Iwe une chero mibvunzo nezve iyo Fw uye maitiro ayo ayo ainopa? Zvino ndokumbirawo ubate Law & More. Magweta edu ane hunyanzvi mukusavimbika mutemo uye vanofara kukubatsira!
