Kune vakawanda vanenge vachida kuva vabereki, pamuviri panogona kusaitika zvoga. Kunze kwekurerwa, surrogacy ndiyo imwe sarudzo yekufunga nezvayo. Parizvino, kubereka mwana hakuna kudzorwa zviri pamutemo nemutemo muNetherlands, izvo zvinoita kuti pasave nechokwadi nezvemamiriro epamutemo evabereki vanodiwa uye amai vakabereka.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave kuri kuwedzera kudiwa kwemasevhisi ekuberekera mwana muNetherlands, kunyanya sezvo kushomeka kwemutemo uye kujekeswa kwemutemo kunopa matambudziko akakura kune avo vanotarisira kuzova vabereki kuburikidza nekugara.
Mibvunzo inowanzomuka, yakadai seyokuti: Chii chinoitika kana amai vokurera vakasarudza kuchengeta mwana pashure pokuberekwa? Kana kuti kana vabereki vakatarisirwa vakasarudza kusatora mwana mumhuri yavo? Vabereki vanenge vachitarisirwa vanongoerekana vava vabereki vepamutemo pakuzvarwa here? Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zvinonetsa izvi nezvimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, inotaura nezvechinyorwa che'Mwana, Kuberekerwa, uye Bhiri reVabereki.'
Ko Surrogacy Inobvumidzwa muNetherlands?
Mukuita, kune mafomu maviri ekuberekesa anotenderwa muNetherlands: tsika yechinyakare uye gestational surrogacy. Aya maitiro maviri ekuberekera mumwe nemumwe ane maitiro uye zvaanoreva, achiratidza maitiro akasiyana uye hukama hwema genetic hunobatanidzwa.
Traditional Surrogacy
Traditional surrogacy inosanganisira mukadzi anoita saamai anoberekera mumwe, achishandisa zai rake, izvo zvinomuita vese mai genetic uye musununguri wepamutemo pasi pechiDutch. mutemo. Kubata pamuviri kunotangwa nekupinzwa nembeu kubva kuna baba vanenge vachida kana mupi, kana nenzira yechisikigo. Iko hakuna zvakatemwa zvemutemo zvinodikanwa zvechivanhu surrogacy, uye rubatsiro rwekurapa haruna madikanwa.
Gestational Surrogacy
Gestational surrogacy inoda kupindira kwechiremba. IVF inoshandiswa kubatanidza zai kunze kwemuviri, uye "embryo" inobuda inoiswa muchibereko chaamai vakabereka, zvichiita kuti amai vakabereka pamuviri pemwana wevabereki vavanenge vachida. Kazhinji kazhinji, amai vanoberekera mumwe munhu havana hukama nomwana. Nekuda kwemaitirwo ekurapa anosanganisirwa, mamiriro akasimba anoshanda muNetherlands kune rudzi urwu rwekubereka.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anosanganisira kuti vabereki vese vanotarisirwa vanofanira kunge vaine hukama kumwana, panofanirwa kunge paine chinodiwa chekurapa kuna amai vakarongerwa, vabereki vanenge vachitarisirwa vanofanira kutsvaga amai vanoberekera vana, uye miganhu yezera inoiswa (vanopa mazai vanosvika makore makumi mana nematatu uye vanaamai vanosvika makore makumi mana nemashanu).
Zvirambidzo paKusimudzira (Commerce) Surrogacy
Kunyangwe zvese zvechinyakare uye gestational surrogacy zvichitenderwa, kusimudzirwa kwekutengesa surrogacy kunorambidzwa pasi pePenal Code. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kushambadza kukurudzira hurongwa hwekuberekera mwana kunorambidzwa. Vabereki vavanenge vachitarisira uye vanaamai vakabereka havatenderwe kutsvagana pachena, kusanganisira kuburikidza nesocial media. Pamusoro pazvo, vakadzi vanoita savanaamai vanoberekera vamwe vana vari pasi pezvirambidzo zvakasimba zviri pamutemo maererano nemuripo uye kusimudzirwa kweruzhinji kubereka mwana. Vanaamai vakabereka vana vanogona kungowana mari yekubhadhara mari yekurapa nezvimwe zvinoenderana, kwete muripo wemari.
Zvibvumirano zveSurrogacy
Paunenge uchisarudza kuita surrogacy, zvakakosha kujekesa zvibvumirano, kazhinji kuburikidza nekontrakiti yekuberekera mwana. Zvibvumirano izvi hazvina kurongeka uye zvinogona kuvhara hurongwa hwakasiyana pakati paamai vakabereka uye vabereki vakatarisirwa. Zvisinei, zvibvumirano zvakadaro zvinowanzova zvakaoma kuita zviri pamutemo, sezvo zvinganzi zvinopesana netsika dzevanhu. Naizvozvo, kubatana kwekuzvidira pakati pemapato ese mukati mekuita surrogacy kwakakosha.
Sezvo amai vakabereka vasingagoni kumanikidzirwa kusiya mwana pashure pokuberekwa, uye vabereki vanenge vachida havagoni kumanikidzirwa kugamuchira mwana, vabereki vakawanda vanenge vachida vanosarudza kushandisa mumwe mukadzi wokumwe. Kuita amai vanoberekera mwana kunze kwenyika kunounza mamwe matambudziko emutemo uye anoshanda, senge nyaya dzekuzivikanwa zviri pamutemo, nyika, uye mugari wemwana, pamwe nematambudziko ari kubva padanho repamutemo reDutch uye kuenderera mberi kwekuedza kwemutemo. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona chinyorwa chedu pa kubvumirwa nedzimwe nyika.
Zvemutemo Parenthood
Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemutemo wakananga wekuberekera mwana, vabereki vanenge vachitarisirwa havangozviwanire mubereki zviri pamutemo pakuzvarwa kwemwana. Mutemo weDutch wevabereki wakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuti amai vekubereka ndivo amai vepamutemo, kusanganisira mumhosva dzekuberekera mwana. Kana amai vakabereka vakaroorwa panguva yekuzvarwa, murume wavo kana mudiwa angazivikanwa sababa vepamutemo pakuzvarwa, zvichienderana nemamiriro avo ewanano.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, maitiro anotevera anowanzo kuteverwa: mushure mekuzvarwa uye kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo, uye nemvumo yeChild Care and Protection Board, mwana anobatanidzwa mumhuri yevabereki inotarisirwa. Nzira yedare inogona kusanganisira chikumbiro chiri pamutemo chekuendesa kodzero yekuchengeta mwana kubva kuna amai vakabereka (uye pamwe mudiwa wake kana murume) kuenda kuvabereki vanenge vachida. Dare rinobva rabvisa chiremera chevabereki kubva kuna amai vakabereka (uye zvichida mudzimai wavo), uye rogadza vabereki vanenge vachida kuva vachengeti.
Kana vabereki vanenge vatarisira nekurera mwana kwegore rimwe chete, vanogona kutora mwana pamwe chete. Neimwe nzira, baba vanotarisirwa vanogona kuva baba vepamutemo kuburikidza nemaitiro epamutemo, akadai sekubvuma kana kugadza baba, kana amai vakabereka vasina kuroorwa kana kana mubereki wemurume akarambwa. Amai vanenge vachitarisirwa vanogona kutora mwana mushure megore rekuchengetwa nekurerwa.
Kunyoresa uye Zvinyorwa
Kunyoresa uye zvinyorwa matanho akakosha mukuita surrogacy, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakugadza mubereki zviri pamutemo uye kuchengetedza kodzero dzemwana. MuNetherlands, maitiro ekunyoresa mwana akaberekwa kuburikidza nekuita surrogacy anogona kunyanya kuoma kana mwana akazvarwa kunze kwenyika. Zviremera zveDutch zvinoda gwaro rekuzvarwa rinoshanda kuti rinyoreswe, iro rinofanirwa kunyatso nyatso kusimbiswa uye kushandurirwa muchiDutch. Zvisinei, matambudziko anowanzomuka kana gwaro rekuzvarwa kwedzimwe nyika rikasanyora amai vanozvara, sezvinowanzoitika mugadziriro dzokurera mwana kune dzimwe nyika.
Kune vabereki vakatarisirwa, kufamba-famba zvinodikanwa zvepamutemo zvekunyoresa chitupa chekuzvarwa kwekunze muNetherlands kunogona kuve inonetsa uye inopedza nguva. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvakakosha kuwana chiziviso chechizvarwa cheDutch kumwana, izvo zvingada kushandira pamwe kubva kuna amai vanotsiva uye zviremera munyika iyo mwana akaberekerwa. Tsvagiridzo neData Center (WODC) yakaita tsvakiridzo inosimbisa kukosha kwemirau yakajeka uye nhungamiro yekutsigira vabereki vakatarisirwa uye vana vanozvarwa kuburikidza nekuzvarirwa, kunyanya kana vachibata zvitupa zvekuzvarwa zvekunze uye maitiro ekuyambuka miganhu.
Zvichangobva kuitika zvemutemo zvakaunza kujeka kunharaunda iyi. Semuenzaniso, Dare reHague rakapa mutongo wekuti maDutch registrars haagone kuramba kunyoreswa kwezvitupa zvekuzvarwa kwekunze izvo zvisingatauri nezvaamai vanozvarwa, chero nzira yekuberekera inosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutevedzwa kwemitemo yenyika yakazvarirwa mwana, kupedzwa kuri pachena kwechirongwa chekuberekera mwana, uye tsinhiro yekuti mubereki anoberekera mwana haana hanya nemubereki. Mitongo yakadai inobatsira vabereki vanenge vatora mwana kunze kwenyika, asi maitiro acho anoramba akaoma uye anoda kunyatsotariswa kune zvemutemo.
Hurumende yeDutch yakaziva matambudziko aya uye yakapa mutemo mutsva wekudzora surrogacy, kusanganisira kunyoreswa uye kuita zvinyorwa. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira hurongwa hwakadzikama uye hwakajeka hwekumisikidza mubereki zviri pamutemo, ukuwo achidzivirira kodzero dzevanaamai nevana. Vatsvakurudzi nemasangano, akadai seLeiden University, vakasimbisa kukosha kwemitemo yakajeka uye maitiro ekuona kugara zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kwevose vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kuberekwa.
Commerce surrogacy, iyo inorambidzwa muNetherlands, inowedzera imwe nhanho yekuoma. Vabereki vanovavarira vanoita zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika vanogona kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakakura pakunyoresa mwana chitupa chekuzvarwa uye kutanga mubereki zviri pamutemo muNetherlands. Mutemo wechiDutch unonyatso ganhurira kubhadhara kune vanaamai vanoberekera vana kune mari inodiwa, uye chero hurongwa hunobatanidza muripo wemari wakawedzerwa hunogona kunzi hunopesana nemutemo wechiDutch, zvinogona kunetsa kunyoresa.
Iko kushandiswa kweIVF kurapwa, yepamusoro-tech surrogacy, uye mamwe akabatsirwa matekinoroji ekubereka anogona zvakare kukanganisa kunyoresa uye zvinyorwa. Imwe neimwe nzira yekuberekera mwana inogona kunge iine zvinodiwa maererano nezvinyorwa, mubereki ari pamutemo, uye kucherechedzwa kwezvitupa zvekuzvarwa kwekunze. Vabereki vanovavarirwa vanorayirwa zvakasimba kuti vatsvage mazano ezvemutemo kuti vave nechokwadi chekutevedzwa nemitemo yese yeDutch neyepasi rose uye kuchengetedza kodzero nekugara zvakanaka kwemwana, amai vakabereka, uye ivo pachavo. Nekutora matanho aya, vabereki vakatarisirwa vanogona kubatsira kuve nerwendo rwakatsetseka uye rwakabudirira rwekuberekera mwana, zvisinei nekuti mwana anozvarwa.
Mitemo Yakarongwa
Gwaro re'Child, Surrogacy and Parentage Bill' rine chinangwa chekurerutsa maitiro ekuwana hubereki. Inosuma mukana wekupa hubereki kuvabereki vanenge vachida kuburikidza nenzira yakatarwa yepamutemo. Bhiri rinogadzira kusarudzika kumutemo wekuti amai vekubereka vagara vari amai vepamutemo nekubvumidza hubereki hupihwe mushure mekuita surrogacy. Izvi zvinogona kurongwa vasati vabata pamuviri kuburikidza nechikumbiro chedare chakakosha chinosanganisira amai vakabereka uye vabereki vanenge vachida. Chibvumirano che surrogacy chinofanira kuendeswa uye kuongororwa nedare pasi pemamiriro emutemo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuti mapato ese abva zera remutemo, akabvuma kupangwa mazano, uye kuti anenge mubereki mumwe chete anenge achitarisirwa ane hukama kumwana.
Kana dare rikatendera hurongwa hwekuberekera mwana, vabereki vanenge vachitarisirwa vanoonekwa sevabereki vepamutemo pakuzvarwa uye vanonyorwa pagwaro rekuzvarwa kwemwana semhedzisiro yekupihwa kwevabereki. Maererano neUN Convention on the Rights of the Child, mwana ane kodzero yekuziva mubereki wake. Naizvozvo, registry ichagadzirwa kuti inyore ruzivo rwebiological uye rwemutemo rwevabereki kana vasiyana. Bhiri remutemo rinopawo kuregererwa kurambidzwa kwekuyananisa surrogacy kana kuchiitwa nesangano rakazvimirira remutemo rakagadzwa neGurukota.
mhedziso
Kunyange zvisiri zvekutengesa zvechinyakare uye gestational surrogacy zvichitenderwa muNetherlands, kushomeka kwemirau chaiyo kunogona kukonzera mamiriro akaoma. Iyo surrogacy process inotsamira zvakanyanya mukushandira pamwe nekuzvidira kunyangwe zvibvumirano, uye vabereki vakatarisirwa havangozviwanire mubereki zviri pamutemo pakuzvarwa. Bhiri iri riri kunzi 'Child, Surrogacy and Parentage Bill' rinoda kujekesa mitemo yemapato ese ane chekuita nazvo, kunyange hazvo pfungwa dzeparamende dzichitarisirwa kuitika munguva inotevera.
Kana iwe uri kufunga kutanga rwendo rwekuberekera mwana semubereki waanoda kana amai vanokubereka uye uchishuvira kuita chinzvimbo chako chepamutemo, kana uchida rubatsiro rwekuwana hubereki zviri pamutemo pakuzvarwa, tapota taura nesu. Nyanzvi dzedu dzemutemo wemhuri dzakagadzirira kubatsira.