Kuzivikanwa & Kusimbisa Mitongo Yekune dzimwe nyika Inotsanangurwa
Muzvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekutengeserana munyika uye kune dzimwe nyika, vanowanzogadzirisa kuronga kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwebhizimisi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyaya yacho ichapihwa mutongi gava panzvimbo pemutongi wedare renyika. Kuti kushandiswa kwemubairo wekupokana kupedziswe, zvinodikanwa kuti mutongi wenyika arikuitwa ape exequatur. An exequatur inoreva kucherechedzwa kwemubairo wekupokana uye kuenzana nemutongo wepamutemo unogona kutevedzerwa kana kuitwa.
Mitemo yekuzivikanwa nekutevedzwa kwemutongo wekunze inodzorwa muNew York Convention. Kokorodzano iyi yakagamuchirwa neUnited Nations diplomatic conference musi wa10 Chikumi 1958 muNew York. Chibvumirano ichi chakanyanya kupedzwa kutonga nekufambisa nzira yekucherechedzwa uye kutevedzwa kwemutongo wemutemo wekunze pakati penyika dzechibvumirano.
Parizvino, musangano weNew York une mapato zana nemakumi mashanu nemapfumbamwe enyika
Kana zvasvika pakucherechedzwa nekutevedzwa zvichibva pachinyorwa V (1) cheNew York Convention, mutongi anotenderwa kuve nesimba rekuita mumatare akasiyana. Muchirevo, mutongi haabvumidzwe kuongorora kana kuongorora zviri mukati memutongo wepamutemo mumatare ane chekuita nekuzivikanwa uye kuteedzerwa. Nekudaro, pane zvisizvo zvine chekuita nezviratidzo zvakakomba zvekukanganisa kwakakosha pamutongo wemutemo, kuitira kuti usazoonekwa sekutonga kwakanaka.
Kumwe kusarudzika kumutemo uyu kunoshanda kana zvichigoneka kuti kana kutongwa kwakanaka, kungadai kwakakonzera kuparadzwa kwemutongo wepamutemo. Nyaya inotevera yakakosha yeDare Repamusoro inoratidza kuti kusarudzika kunogona kushandiswa papi mumaitiro ezuva nezuva. Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti kana mubairo wekupokana wakaparadzwa nedare remutemo reRussia, uchiri kukwanisa kupfuudza kucherechedzwa uye kutevedzera maitiro muNetherlands.
Mhosva iyi ndeye sangano repamutemo rekuRussia rinogadzira simbi pasi rose rinonzi OJSC Novolipetsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat (NLMK). Mugadziri wesimbi ndiye mushandirwi mukuru wedunhu reRussia reLipetsk. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvekambani ndezvamuzvinabhizinesi wekuRussia VS Lisin. Lisin ndiyewo muridzi wezviteshi zvekutakura zvinhu paSt. Petersburg neTuapse.
Lisin ane chigaro chepamusoro kukambani yehurumende yeRussia United Shipbuilding Corporation uye anewo zvaanofarira mukambani yehurumende yeRussia Freight One, inova kambani yechitima. Zvichienderana neChibvumirano cheKutenga, icho chinosanganisira kutongwa kweArbitration, mapato ese akabvumirana kutenga nekutengesa zvikamu zveNLMK zveLisin kuNLMK.
Mushure mekupokana uye kunonoka kubhadhara kwemutengo wekutenga pachinzvimbo cheNLKM, Lisin anofunga kuunza nyaya yacho pamberi peInternational Commercial Arbitration Court paChamber of Commerce and Industry yeRussian Federation uye anoda kubhadharwa kwemutengo wekutenga masheya, izvo zvinoenderana. kwaari, mabhiriyoni 14,7 rubles. NLMK inotaura mukuzvidzivirira kwayo kuti Lisin akatowana mubhadharo wepamberi izvo zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemutengo wekutenga hwachinja kuita 5,9 bhiriyoni rubles.
Kurume 2011 nzira yekupara mhosva yakatanga kupokana naLisin nekufungidzirwa kwekunyepedzera sechikamu chekutengeserana kwekugoverana neNLMK uyezve nezve fungidziro yekushatisa dare reArbitration pamhosva inopomerwa NLMK. Zvisinei, zvichemo zvacho hazvina kutungamira mukupomera mhosva.
Dare reArbitration, uko nyaya iri pakati peLisin neNLMK yakaunzwa, yakatongera NLMK kubhadhara mutengo wakasara we8,9 rubles uye yakaramba zvirevo zvemapato ese ari maviri. Mutengo wekutenga unozoverengerwa zvichibva pahafu yemutengo wekutenga naLisin (22,1 bhiriyoni rubles) uye kukosha kwakaverengerwa neNLMK (1,4 bhiriyoni rubles). Nezvemubhadharo wepamusoro dare rakatongera NLMK kubhadhara 8,9 bhiriyoni rubles.
Chikumbiro chinopesana nemutongo weArbitration court hachigoneki uye NLMK yakataura, zvichibva pakufungira kwakamboitwa hutsotsi hwakaitwa naLisin, nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemubairo wekupokana neArbitrazh Court yeguta reMoscow. Chirevo ichocho chakapihwa uye mubairo wekupokana uchaparadzwa.
Lisin haazozvimirire uye anoda kutevera hurongwa hwekuchengetedza pazvikamu zvakabatwa neNLMK muguta rayo reNLMK international BV mu. Amsterdam. Kuparara kwemutongo uyu kwaita kuti zvisaite kutevedzera mutemo wekuchengetedza muRussia. Naizvozvo, Lisin chikumbiro chekuzivikanwa uye kuisirwa mubairo wekupokana. Chikumbiro chake charambwa.
Zvichienderana negungano reNew York zvakajairika kune vane masimba vane masimba ehurumende iyo mubairo wekupokana unobva pa (munyaya iyi matare eRussia akajairika) kusarudza mukati menyika. mutemo, pakuparadzwa kweArbitration awards. Mumutemo, dare rekumanikidza haribvumidzwe kuongorora aya maArbitration mibairo. Dare muInterlocutory Proceedings rinoona kuti mubairo wekupokana haugone kuurayiwa, nekuti hausipo.
Lisin akamhan’ara achipikisa mutongo uyu pa Amsterdam Dare Redzimhosva. Dare rinoona kuti mubairo wakaparara wekurwira kazhinji haungave uchifunga nezve kucherechedzwa nekuteedzerwa kunze kwekunge iri nyaya yakasarudzika. Pane imwe nyaya yakasiyana-siyana kana pane zviratidzo zvakasimba zvekuti kutonga kwematare eRussia hakuna kukanganisa kwakakosha, kuitira kuti izvi zvirege kuonekwa sekutonga kwakanaka. The Amsterdam Dare Repamusorosoro haritarisi nyaya iyi seyakasiyana.
Lisin akaisa chikumbiro mukukumbira kupokana nedare. Sekureva kwaLisin dare rakundikanawo kukoshesa simba rekutonga rakapihwa mudare zvichibva pachinyorwa V (1) (e) chinotarisa kana mutongo wekuparadza wekunze uchikurira maitiro ekumanikidza mubairo wehutongi muNetherlands. Dare Repamusoro rakafananidza iro rechokwadi rechirungu neechiFrench chinyorwa cheGungano. Idzi shanduro dzese dzinoita sedzine dudziro dzakasiyana pamusoro pesimba rekutonga rakapihwa mudare. Shanduro yeChirungu yechinyorwa V (1) (e) inotaura zvinotevera:
- Kucherechedzwa nekusimbisa mubairo kunogona kuramba, pachikumbiro chebato riri kupikiswa naro, chete kana iro bato rinopa kune anokwanisa masimba uko kuchizivikanwa nekumisikidzwa, chiratidzo chekuti:
(...)
- e) Mubairo hausati wave unosungirwa pamapato, kana waiswa parutivi kana kumiswa nevakuru vane hunyanzvi hwenyika iyo, kana pasi pemutemo. mutemo izvo, mubairo uyu wakagadzirwa. "
Shanduro yeFrench yechinyorwa V (1) (e) inotaura zvinotevera:
"1. La reconnaissance et l'exécution de mutongo ne seront anoramba, for the partie contre laquelle elle est invoquée, que si cette partie fournit à l'autorité compétente du pays où la reconnaissance et l'exécution sont demandées la preuve:
(...)
- e) Que la sentence nest pas encore devenue oblatoire pour les parties ou a été annulée ou suspendue par une autorité compétente du pays dans lequel, ou d'après la loi duquel, the sentence a été rendue. ”
Iyo discretionary simba reiyo Chirungu vhezheni ('inogona kurambwa') inoita kunge yakafara pane iyo French vhezheni ('ne seront refusées que si'). Dare repamusoro rakawana dudziro dzakasiyana muhumwe hupfumi pamusoro pekushandisa chaiko kwegungano.
Dare Repamusoro rinoyedza kujekesa kuturikira kwakasiyana nekuwedzera dudziro yayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masimba esarudzo anogona kungoiswa chete kana paine ivhu rekuramba zvinoenderana neSungano. Pane iyi nyaya yaive iri pasi pekuramba ichitaura nezve 'kuparadzwa kwemubayiro weArbitration'. Izvo zviri kuLisin kuratidza maererano nechokwadi uye mamiriro ezvinhu iyo iyo gasi rekuramba haina hwaro.
Dare repamusoro rinogovera zvizere maonero eDare redzimhosva. Panogona chete kuve nenyaya yakakosha zvinoenderana neDare repamusoro apo kuparadzwa kwemubairo wekuyananisa kunobva pazvikonzero zvisingawirirane nezvakarambwa zvechinyorwa V (1). Kunyangwe hazvo dare reDutch rakapihwa simba rekuziva kana paine kuzivikanwa nekusimbisa, zvakadaro hazvishande mutongo wekuparadza mune iyi nyaya. Kuramba kwakaitwa naLisis hakuna mukana wekubudirira.
Mutongo uyu wedare repamusoro unopa dudziro yakajeka nenzira ipi chinyorwa V (1) cheNew York musangano unofanirwa kududzirwa mukati mechiremera chesarudzo chakapihwa kudare panguva yekucherechedzwa nekusimbisa mutongo wekuparadzwa. Izvi zvinoreva, muchidimbu, kuti chete muzviitiko zvikuru kuparadzwa kwekutonga kunogona kudarika.