Cryptocurrency: EU neDutch Mutemo Wezvinhu zveRevolutionary Technology
ziviso
Kukura kwepasi rese uye kuwedzera mukurumbira kweiyo cryptocurrency kwaunza kumibvunzo pamusoro pezvakadzora zvinhu zvechiitiko chitsva chemari ichi. Virtual currencies ndeye chete digital uye yakarongeka kuburikidza netiweki inozivikanwa se blockchain, iri online ledger inochengetedza rekodhi yakachengeteka yekutengeserana kwega kwega munzvimbo imwechete. Hapana anodzora blockchain, nekuti aya cheni anotariswa pamakomputa ega ega ane chikwama cheBitcoin. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana kana imwechete institution inodzora network, izvo zvinongoreva kuti kuvepo kwenjodzi dzakawanda dzemari uye dzemutemo.
Kutanga kweBlockchain kwakagamuchira Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) senzira yekusimudza mari yekutanga. ICO chipo chinopa kuti kambani itengese ma tokeni edhijitari kuruzhinji kuti ibhadhare mashandiro uye izadzise zvimwe zvinangwa zvebhizinesi. [1] Zvakare ICOs hadzitongwe nemitemo chaiyo kana vamiririri vehurumende. Uku kushayikwa kwemutemo kwakamutsa kunetsekana nezve njodzi dzinogona kuwanikwa nevatengesi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusagadzikana kwave kunetsekana. Nehurombo, kana muzvinabhizimusi akarasikirwa nemari panguva iyi, ivo havana maitiro akaenzana ekuita kuti vadzore mari yakarasika.
Virtual Mari yemari kuEuropean Level
Njodzi dzakabatana nekushandiswa kwemaoko emari dzinosimudza kudiwa kweEuropean Union pamwe nemasangano ayo ekutonga. Nekudaro, kudzora pamwero weEuropean Union kwakanyanya kuomarara, nekuda kwekushanduka kwemabatiro eEU maitiro uye anodzora kusapindirana mumatunhu enhengo.
Kana dziri dzazvino mari dzemari hadzifambisirwe kuEU-level uye hadzina kutariswa kana kutariswa nechero zviremera zveEU zveveruzhinji, kunyangwe kutora chikamu muzvirongwa izvi kunoisa pachena vashandisi kukwereta, kuverengera mari, kushanda uye kuita zvemutemo njodzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zviremera zvepasi rose zvinofanirwa kufunga nezvekuti vanonongedza kubvuma kana kurongedza uye kudzora cryptocurrency.
Virtual Currencies muNetherlands
Sekureva kweDutch Financial Supervision Act (FSA) mari yemagetsi inomiririra huwandu hwemari hunochengeterwa zvemagetsi kana magineti. Iko kukosha kwemari kunoitirwa kushandiswa kuita mashandiro ekubhadhara uye inogona kushandiswa kubhadhara kune mamwe mapato kupfuura iyo iyo yaburitsa mari yemagetsi. [2] Virtual mari haigone kutsanangurwa semagetsi mari, nekuti haisi mitezo yese yepamutemo inosangana. Kana cryptocurrency isingakwanise kutsanangurwa zviri pamutemo semari kana mari yemagetsi, seiko inogona kutsanangurwa? Muchirevo cheDutch Financial Supervision Act cryptocurrency ingori nzira yekuchinjana. Wese munhu ane rusununguko rwekuita bhizimusi rekuchinjanisa, saka mvumo iri muchimiro chezenisi haidiwe Gurukota rezveMari rakaratidza kuti kudzokororwa kwetsananguro yepamutemo yemari yemagetsi haisati yave kudikanwa, zvichipiwa huwandu hushoma hwebitcoin, danho rakaderera rekugamuchirwa, uye hukama hushoma nehupfumi chaihwo. Akasimbisa kuti mutengi ndiye chete ane chekuita nekushandisa kwavo. [3]
Zvinoenderana neDutch District Court (Overijssel) uye Gurukota rezveMari reDutch mari chaiyo, senge Bitcoin, ine chinzvimbo chepakati chekuchinjana. [4] Mukukwirira Dare reDutch rakafunga kuti bitcoins dzinogona kuve dzakakwanisika sezvinhu zvakatengeswa sekutaurwa kwazvakaitwa muchinyorwa 7:36 DCC. Dare reDare reKutsvaga rakataurawo kuti mabitcoins haakwanise kuve tarenda repamutemo asi senzira yekutsinhana chete. Mukupesana, iyo European Court yeJustice yakatonga kuti bitcoins dzinofanirwa kurapwa senzira yekubhadhara, zvisina kunangana zvichiratidza kuti bitcoins yakafanana nethenda repamutemo. [5]
mhedziso
Nekuda kwekunetseka kunobatanidza kudzorwa kwemakristcheni, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti Dare reJustice reEU richazofanirwa kunge rakabatanidzwa mukujekeswa kwetemu. Kana ari maLungu Nyika dzanga dzasarudza kuchinjisa terminology zvakasiyana kubva kumutemo weEU, zvinonetsa zvinogona kumuka zvine chekuita nekududzirwa zvinoenderana nemutemo weEU. Kubva mumaonero aya, zvakafanira kukurudzira kune Nhengo dzeNyika kuti vatevedze mutemo weEU mutemo vachiri kuita mutemo mutemo wenyika.
Iyo yakakwana vhezheni yeiyi chena pepa inowanikwa kuburikidza iyi link.
udza mashoko
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[1] C. Bovaird, ICO vs. IPO: Ndeupi Musiyano?, Bitcoin Market Journal yaGunyana 2017.
[2] Mutemo Wekutarisisa Kwemari, chikamu 1: 1
[3] Ministerie van Financiën, Beantwoording van kamervragen pamusoro pei het gebruik van en toezicht op nieuwe digitale betaalmiddelen zoals de bitcoin, Nyamavhuvhu 2013.
[4] ECLI: NL: RBOVE: 2014: 2667.
[5] ECLI: EU: C: 2015: 718.