Zvinoreva Cooperative: Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyi yakakosha fomu remutemo

1. Nhanganyaya: Chii chinonzi cooperative uye nei ichikosha?

Mushandirapamwe isangano regutsaruzhinji renhengo dzine pamwe nekutonga bhizinesi. Cooperative inzira yakakosha yekubatana uye sangano repamutemo nekuti inosiyaniswa neyakasiyana yemutemo chimiro uye chokwadi chekuti nhengo dzinoita sarudzo uye dzinowana mabhenefiti pamwechete. Iri fomu remutemo rakakosha rinogonesa vanamuzvinabhizinesi vakazvimiririra, varimi, vatengi uye mamwe mabhizinesi kusanganisa zvinhu zvavo uye zvido zvebhizinesi kuti vabatsirike mune zvehupfumi. Mushandirapamwe isangano rinozvimiririra rinobatanidza vanhu kana vagadziri kuti vasangane nezvido zveupfumi, zvemagariro kana zvetsika zvakafanana. Mugwaro rino, uchadzidza kuti mubatanidzwa unorevei, nei uchikosha, uye kuti unoshanda sei mukuita.

Isu tinovhara iwo epakati pfungwa, akasiyana marudzi emacooperatives, zviri pamutemo zvinhu zvakaita semutero uye mutero wemubatanidzwa, uye mienzaniso inoshanda yeanobudirira maDutch cooperatives. Kunyangwe iwe uri kufunga kumisa mubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa kana kungongoda kunzwisisa kuti mubatanidzwa wemabhizinesi anoshanda sei, gwaro iri rinokupa ruzivo rwese rwakakosha.

Iyo cooperative sefomu remutemo inopa yakasarudzika mabhenefiti senge hupfumi hwechiyero, simba rekutenga rekubatana uye kutonga kwedemocracy, zvichiita kuti ive imwe nzira yakakodzera kune yechinyakare mafomu emabhizinesi. Macooperatives anopa hupfumi hwemwero kuburikidza nekutenga pamwe chete kana kutengesa, kuchengetedza nhengo mari. Pamusoro pezvo, macooperative anopa nhengo dzawo mukana wezvibodzwa kana misika izvo zvisingawanikwe nemunhu.

2. Kushandirapamwe Zvinoreva: Pfungwa huru uye tsananguro

2.1 Tsanangudzo dzekutanga

Cooperative, inonzi zviri pamutemo mubatanidzwa, isangano riri pamutemo umo nhengo dziri pamwe uye kutonga bhizinesi nenzira yegutsaruzhinji. Iyo Civil Code inotsanangura cooperative semubatanidzwa nemunhu wepamutemo ane chinangwa chekushandira zvido zvenhengo dzayo kuburikidza nemabasa ekutengesa. MuNetherlands, kune marudzi matatu emakorasi: UA, BA uye WA, ayo anodzora mutoro wenhengo. Kunyangwe kana kwete nhengo dzine mhosva inobvumirana panguva yekubatanidzwa.

Hunhu hwakakosha ndeiyi:

• unhengo: Zvishoma zvenhengo mbiri zvinodiwa pakugadzwa.
• Utongi hweDemocratic: Nhengo yega yega ine kodzero dzekuvhota mumusangano mukuru wenhengo
• Joint ownership: Nhengo pamwe chete ndedziridzi wekambani
• Chinangwa chehupfumi: Yakanangana nekubatsirwa kwezvinhu zvenhengo
• Kugovera ruzivo: Macooperative anowanzosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugovana ruzivo pakati penhengo
• utsanzi: Kudyidzana mumacooperatives kunosimudzira hunyanzvi kuburikidza nekugovana mazano nezviwanikwa

Pamusoro pekutonga kwedemocracy uye varidzi vemubatanidzwa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti cooperative inobata invoicing, zviitiko uye kugovera purofiti pakati penhengo dzayo.

Sangano remushandira pamwe rinosiyana nesonganiro yenguva dzose pakuti inotenderwa kugovera purofiti kunhengo, izvo zvisingagoneke mumasonganiro enguva dzose. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kwemubatanidzwa ndeyekuti sarudzo dzimwe nguva dzinoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwechimiro chayo chegutsaruzhinji.

2.2 Hukama nemamwe mafungiro

Macooperatives ane chekuita nemamwe mafomu emutemo seanotevera:

• Versus private limited company/public limited company: Hutongi hwedemocracy (nhengo imwe, vhoti imwe) maringe nemasimba evagovani zvichibva pamari
• Versus association: Kugona kwekugovera purofiti uye kutarisa pane zvishuwo zvenyama maringe nezvinangwa zvinotarisirwa
• Versus kudyidzana: Hunhu hwepamutemo maringe pasina mubatanidzwa wemutemo wakasiyana
• Kupikisana neVOF: Sarudzo dzemutoro wakaganhurirwa maringe nemubatanidzwa uye akati wandei
• Versus mutual insurance association: A mutual insurance association imhando yakakosha yeinishuwarenzi inongodzivirira nhengo dzayo. Kufanana nemubatanidzwa, ishamwari ine hunhu hwepamutemo, asi chinotariswa chiri pakuita inishuwarenzi nhengo. Kugadzwa kwayo uye mhosva inofananidzwa zviri pamutemo neiyo yemubatanidzwa.

Pfungwa iyi inodyidzana nehutongi hwegutsaruzhinji, apo bhodhi rinopinda muzvibvumirano rakamiririra nhengo dzese, asi nhengo pamwe chete dzinotora sarudzo dzakanyanya kukosha.

3. Mhando dzemacooperatives

Kune marudzi akasiyana emacooperatives, rimwe nerimwe riine tarisiro yaro uye zvakanakira nhengo. Mazhinji macooperatives anotangwa akatenderedza chigadzirwa chakabatana kana sevhisi, nekubatana kwechigadzirwa kuri pakati pekubatana. Sarudzo yerumwe rudzi rwemubatanidzwa zvinoenderana nezvido zvebhizimisi uye nzira iyo nhengo dzinoda kushanda pamwe chete. Mhando mbiri dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzemacooperatives mabhizinesi macooperatives uye ezvebhizimusi macooperatives.

Mushandirapamwe webhizinesi unotarisa pakumiririra zvido zvebhizinesi zvenhengo dzayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutenga pamwe chete, kugovera mutengo wekushambadzira kana pamwe chete kugadzira zvigadzirwa. Nekushanda pamwechete mukati memubatanidzwa webhizinesi, nhengo dzinogona kubatsirikana kubva kuhupfumi hwechiyero uye chinzvimbo chakasimba mumusika. Iyi mhando yemubatanidzwa yakanakira makambani anoda kubatana nemauto kuti ashande nemazvo uye kuchengetedza mari.

Bhizinesi remubatanidzwa rinonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanozvishandira vega, vakaita semafreelancers. Mune fomu iri, mabhizinesi anoshanda pamwechete pamapurojekiti kana mabasa avasingakwanise kuita ega. Chakanakira chikuru ndechekuti vatengi vane nzvimbo imwe chete yekuonana, nepo nhengo dzemubatanidzwa dzichichengeta rusununguko. Izvi zvinoita kuti mubatanidzwa wemabhizimusi uve unochinjika uye unowanikwa zviri pamutemo fomu kune nyanzvi dzinoda kushandirapamwe pasina kusiya bhizinesi ravo.

Pamusoro pemafomu makuru aya, kune mamwe marudzi emacooperatives, akadai semacooperatives evatengi nemaproducer cooperatives, rimwe nerimwe rakanangana nekusimbisa zvido zvenhengo dzaro. Chero chimiro chaunosarudza, musimboti wekutanga unoramba uri wekuti nhengo dzakasimba pamwechete uye dzinokwanisa kuwana zvakawanda kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe kupfuura zvadzinogona dziri dzoga.

3. Nei macooperatives akakosha mubhizinesi reDutch

Macooperatives akaita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweDutch kubva muzana ramakore re19. Yakagadzirwa mukupindura kuRevolution Revolution, vakapa mabhizinesi madiki, varimi nevashandi nzira yekuzvironga vachipesana nesimba remusika revatambi vakuru. Kuziva kwemubatanidzwa sefomu remutemo kuri kukura, kunyangwe isinganyanyozivikanwa pane mamwe mafomu akadai seBV kana NV.

Mazuvano kukosha:

• Rabobank: Bhanga guru remubatanidzwa muNetherlands rine zvinhu zvinodarika €600 bhiriyoni
• FrieslandCampina: International dairy giant ine 16,000 varimi vemukaka
• Plus: Supermarket cheni umo mabhizinesi akazvimiririra anoshanda pamwechete
• Macooperatives anogona kupa zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi akaungana, achipa nhengo mukana kune musika wakakura

Statistics nemhedzisiro: Iyo Netherlands ine angangoita zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu emakambani anoshanda mune zvehupfumi, anoshanda muzvikamu kubva pakurima kusvika kune hutano. Masangano aya anoshandira mamirioni enhengo uye pamwe chete anogadzira makumi emabhiriyoni emaeuro mukuchinja.

Mabhenefiti kunhengo:

• Kugovera mari: Yakagovaniswa mari yekutenga, kushambadzira uye kutonga
• Joint kutenga simba: Zvirinani kutaurirana chinzvimbo nevashambadziri
• Ngozi kupararira: Kugovera njodzi dzebhizinesi kune dzakawanda nhengo; nekubatana nedzimwe nhengo, mari inotambirwa nenjodzi inogovaniswa zvakanaka.
• Hupfumi hwehukuru: Kuwanikwa kumisika nemasevhisi asingawanikwe ega

4. Tafura yekuenzanisa: Cooperative vs mamwe mafomu emutemo

Kuonekwa	Kubatira	Yakasarudzika kambani	Association	ushamwari
Mhosva	UA/BA/WA akasiyana	Zvishoma	hapana	Joint uye akawanda
Kugovera purofiti	Inobvumirwa kunhengo	Hongu, kuburikidza nedividend	Hazvitenderwi	Zvakananga kune vadyidzani
Kodzero dzekuvhota	Democratic (nhengo 1 = vhoti 1)	Kubva pamashares	Democratic	Mumwe nemumwe
Unhu hwepamutemo	Ehe	Ehe	Ehe	Aihwa
Mari yekubatanidza	Notarial deed inodiwa	Notarial deed inodiwa	Hapana notary inodiwa	Hapana notary inodiwa
Mutero wemitero	Ehe	Ehe	Kwete (kunze kwekunge kambani)	Aihwa
Nhamba shoma yenhengo	2	1	2	2
Financing	Nhengo dzinowanzoita sevanovimbisa zvikwereti; mari inogona kuoma pasina zvinhu zvakajeka	Mari kuburikidza neshare capital kana zvikwereti	Mari shoma sarudzo, kazhinji zvinoenderana nemipiro	Kupihwa mari nevadyidzani, kazhinji mipiro yakavanzika

5. Nhanho-ne-nhanho: Mashandiro anoita mushandirapamwe mukuita

Danho 1: Kunzwisisa chimiro uye kurongeka

Cooperative ine miviri yakasiyana, imwe neimwe iine basa rayo:

General musangano wenhengo:

• Muviri wepamusoro mukati memubatanidzwa
• Inoita sarudzo dzakakosha nezve zvigadziriso zvezvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa, kugadzwa kwebhodhi, uye kugoverwa kwepurofiti.
• Nhengo dzese dzine kodzero dzekuvhota, zvisinei nemari yadzinowana
• Chiremera chepamusoro-soro mukati memubatanidzwa ndiwo musangano mukuru wenhengo, uko nhengo dzinoshandisa kodzero dzadzo dzekuvhota. Nhengo pachadzo dzinobvumirana pakugovaniswa kwepurofiti mukati memubatanidzwa. Chikamu chemapurofiti, iyo surplus profit, inogoverwa kunhengo maererano nepro rata.

Bhodhi:

• Kutarisira kwezuva nezuva kwemubatanidzwa
• Dare rinopinda muzvibvumirano panzvimbo yemubatanidzwa
• Kuzvidavirira kumusangano mukuru wenhengo
• Kutarisira mabasa ezuva nezuva
• Nhengo dzebhodhi dzemubatanidzwa dzakanyoreswa neChamber of Commerce uye dzine basa rekutonga kwemubatanidzwa.
• Cooperative inogona zvakare kupinda muzvibvumirano nevechitatu mapato, izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa. Muchidimbu, vatungamiri havana mhosva kune chero zvikwereti zvakakonzerwa nemubatanidzwa, kunze kwekunge pasina kutungamira zvakanaka.

Nhengo:

• Varidzi vemubatanidzwa
• Vese mutengi uye muridzi wekambani
• Kodzero yeruzivo nekutora chikamu

Danho rechipiri: Mhando dzemhosva

Pakumisa cooperative, sarudzo inofanirwa kuitwa pakati pemhando nhatu dzemutoro:

• Nhengo dzakabviswa zvachose kubva pachikwereti chezvikwereti
• Inonyanya kushandiswa fomu yemazuva ano cooperatives
• Inochengetedza midziyo yenhengo
• Kana iri yemubatanidzwa BA kana WA, bhodhi rinofanirwa kuendesa runyoro rwenhengo kuChamber of Commerce gore rega rega. Ndokumbira utarise: mune zvimwe zviitiko, sekutadza kutonga, mutungamiriri anogona kupihwa mhosva.
• Nhengo dzakasunungurwa zvachose kubva pamhosva yezvikwereti
• Inonyanya kushandiswa fomu yemazuva ano cooperatives
• Inochengetedza midziyo yenhengo

BA (Chikwereti Chishoma):

• Nhengo dzinosungirwa kusvika pamari yakatarwa
• Kazhinji inoshandiswa kumacooperatives apo nhengo dzinoda kutakura chikamu chakaenzana chenjodzi
• Maximum liability inotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa
• Nhengo dzinogona kubatwa pamwe chete uye dzine mhosva dzakawanda
• Zvakafanana neyakajairwa mubatanidzwa chimiro
• Kashoma kushandiswa nekuda kwenjodzi huru kune nhengo
• Kana nhengo dzakasarudza kusungirirwa kwemutemo (WA), dzinosungirwa pamwe chete uye zvakaenzana pazvikwereti.
• Nhengo dzinogona kubatwa pamwe chete uye dzine mhosva dzakawanda
• Zvakafanana neyakajairwa mubatanidzwa chimiro
• Kashoma kushandiswa nekuda kwenjodzi huru kune nhengo

Aya maitiro matatu emutoro anotarisisa kuti nhengo dzine mutoro wemari pazvikwereti zvemubatanidzwa. Mushandirapamwe unofanirwa kusanganisira UA, BA, kana WA pakupera kwezita rayo zvinoenderana nehutongi hwayo.

UA (Chikwereti Chisina Kubatanidzwa):

• Nhengo dzakabviswa zvachose kubva pachikwereti chezvikwereti
• Inonyanya kushandiswa fomu yemazuva ano cooperatives
• Inochengetedza midziyo yenhengo

BA (Chikwereti Chishoma):

• Nhengo dzinosungirwa kusvika pamari yakatarwa
• Kazhinji inoshandiswa mumakoperasi umo nhengo dzinoda kutakura chikamu chakaenzana chenjodzi
• Maximum liability inotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa

WA (Statutory Liability):

• Nhengo dzinogona kubatwa pamwe chete uye dzine mhosva dzakawanda
• Zvakafanana neyakajairwa mubatanidzwa chimiro
• Kashoma kushandiswa nekuda kwenjodzi huru kune nhengo

Danho rechitatu: Kugadzwa uye kunyoresa

• Mushandirapamwe unogadzwa zviri pamutemo nekudhirowa gwaro rekuzivisa uye kunyoresa neChamber of Commerce.
• Notary inotora gwaro rekunyora
• Zvinyorwa zvekubatana zvinosanganisirwa muchiito
• Mucherechedzi anonyoresa nhengo dzese sevashandi pamwe chete
• Iyo notarial deed ine zvinyorwa zvekubatana kwemubatanidzwa, umo zvibvumirano zvakakosha nemitemo zvinoiswa. Zvinyorwa zvekubatana kwemubatanidzwa zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa nemunyori kuitira kuti zvibvumirano zvinoshanduka. Kana cooperative yatangwa, mamiriro ekuve nhengo anosanganisirwa muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa.
• Notary inotora gwaro rekunyora
• Zvinyorwa zvekubatana zvinosanganisirwa muchiito
• Notary inonyora nhengo dzese sevashandi pamwe chete
• Iyo notarial deed ine zvinyorwa zvekubatana kwemubatanidzwa, umo zvibvumirano zvakakosha nemitemo zvinoiswa. Zvinyorwa zvekubatana kwemubatanidzwa zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa nemunyori kuitira kuti zvibvumirano zvinoshanduka. Kana cooperative yatangwa, mamiriro ekuve nhengo anosanganisirwa muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa.
• Notary inotora gwaro rekunyora
• Zvinyorwa zvekubatana zvinosanganisirwa muchiito
• Notary inonyora nhengo dzese sevashandi pamwe chete

Mandatory registrations:

• Kunyoresa neChamber of Commerce Trade Register mukati memazuva masere
• Nyorera nhamba yekuzivikanwa yeVAT kana iripo
• Kunyoreswa kweUBO (varidzi vekupedzisira vanobatsira) inosungirwa
• Chero marezinesi akanangana neindasitiri
• Cooperative inofanirwa kunyoreswa muRejista Yekutengeserana kuti ishande zviri pamutemo
• Kunyoresa neChamber of Commerce Trade Register mukati memazuva masere
• Nyorera nhamba yekuzivikanwa yeVAT kana iripo
• UBO kunyoresa (yekupedzisira anobatsira varidzi) inosungirwa
• Chero marezinesi akanangana neindasitiri

Zvisungo zvemutero:

• Cooperative corporation tax: mwero wakajairika unoshanda
• VAT kunyoreswa kwemari inodarika €20,000
• Mitero yekubhadhara kana vashandi vachishanda. Macooperatives anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo zvekutonga uye marepoti egore. Pane zvisungo zvegore negore zvemubatanidzwa kugadzira mishumo yegore.

Kutonga uye mishumo yegore yemakorasi

Kutonga kwakasimba ndiwo musimboti wemubatanidzwa wese. Hachingori chinodikanwa chemutemo chete, chinovawo nechokwadi chekuti cooperative inogona kushanda zvakajeka uye zvine hanya kune nhengo dzayo uye mapato ekunze. Kunyangwe iwe uine mubatanidzwa une chikwereti chishoma (BA), mutemo wemutemo (WA) kana kusabatanidzwa chikwereti (UA), zvisungo zvekutonga chikamu chakakosha chemubatanidzwa wemabhizimusi.

7. Purofiti uye mutero mumakorasi

Chimiro chemari chemubatanidzwa chakasiyana uye chinopa nhengo mikana yakasiyana yekubatsirikana kubva mukubudirira kwakabatana. Purofiti yemubatanidzwa ine zvikamu zviviri: purofiti yekuwedzera uye purofiti yemubatanidzwa pachayo. Kuwedzera purofiti chikamu chepurofiti inobhadharwa zvakananga kunhengo dzemubatanidzwa, kazhinji zvichibva pamupiro wavo kana basa ravakaita mukati memubatanidzwa. Izvi zvinova nechokwadi chekuti nhengo dzinobatsirwa zvakananga kubva mukuedza kwavo nekushandira pamwe.

Chimwe chikamu ipurofiti inoramba iri mukati memubatanidzwa. Iyi purofiti inogona kushandiswa mukudyara mubhizinesi, sekuwedzera, hunyanzvi kana kusimbisa chinzvimbo chemari. Cooperative inogonawo kusarudza kugovera chikamu chepurofiti iyi kunhengo, zvichienderana nezviri muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa.

Panyaya yemutero, cooperative inobhadhara mutero wemubatanidzwa pamubhadharo wasara mushure mekugovaniswa kwemari yakasara. Izvi zvinoita kuti mushandirapamwe uenzaniswe nemamwe masangano emutemo akadai semakambani akazvimirira mashoma. Nhengo dzemubatanidzwa dzinoshanda sevanamuzvinabhizinesi vanozvishandira, semuenzaniso neine proprietorship chete, vanobhadhara mutero wemari pane yavo purofiti, kusanganisira chikamu chavanowana sepurofiti yakawedzerwa kubva kumubatanidzwa.

Uye zvakare, iyo cooperative inofanirwa kunyoresa neMutero uye Customs Administration uye ichapihwa nhamba yeVAT yekuzivikanwa. Iyo cooperative inosungirwa kuisa VAT returns pane yayakaita. Nhengo dzemubatanidzwa dzinogonawo kuzvishandira nekuda kweVAT uye dzinofanirwa kubhadharisa VAT painobhadhara iyo cooperative. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti chinzvimbo chemutero chemubatanidzwa nenhengo dzayo chinoramba chakajeka uye chiri pachena, zvichibvumira vese kuwana mabhenefiti akazara emubatanidzwa wemabhizimusi.

6. Mafungiro akajairika pamusoro pemacooperatives

Kusanzwisisa 1: Mishandirapamwe ndeyevarimi neindasitiri yemukaka chete Kunyangwe macooperative ezvekurima achikosha munhoroondo, mazuvano kune macooperatives munharaunda yese: simba, hutano, zvitoro, zvekufambisa nemasevhisi. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vanozvishandira vanogona kushanda pamwechete mumubatanidzwa kuti vawane mabasa pamwe chete.

Nhema 2: Macooperative haatenderwi kuita purofiti Macooperatives anotenderwa kugovera purofiti kunhengo dzawo. Musiyano nemubatanidzwa ndewekuti kugovaniswa kwepurofiti kunobvumidzwa, kunze kwekunge izvi zvichiitwa zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa uye mune zvinodiwa nenhengo.

Zvisizvo 3: Nhengo dzese dzinogara dziine mhosva Panyaya yeUA (chikwereti chisina kubatanidzwa), nhengo hadzina mhosva zvachose yezvikwereti zvemubatanidzwa. Vaimbove nhengo zvakare vanobviswa pamhosva mushure mekugumiswa kwehunhengo hwavo.

Pro muromo: Dzivisa kusanzwisisana uku nekupa ruzivo rwakajeka kubva pakutanga pamusoro pemhando yakasarudzwa yemutoro uye zvingangoitika mukati memuenzaniso wekubatana.

7. Muenzaniso unoshanda: Kubudirira Dutch cooperative

Nyaya yechidzidzo: FrieslandCampina – kubva kumafekitari emukaka kuenda kumubatanidzwa wepasi rose

Mamiriro ekutanga (1871): Varimi vemuno vemukaka muFriesland vakagadzira matavi madiki anodyidzana kuti agadzirise uye atengese mukaka pamwe chete. Varimi vega vega vaive vadiki zvekusagona kutaurirana zvakananga nevatengi vakuru.

Matanho ekubudirira:

1. Kubatira pamwe kwomunzvimbomo: Varimi mune imwe nharaunda vakaunganidza mukaka wavo
2. Chigadzirwa chakabatanidzwa, chinoti dairy, chinoumba hwaro hwekubatana mukati memubatanidzwa uye chiri pakati pekushanda kwebhizinesi rakabatana.
3. Kubatanidzwa uye economies of scale: Makambani madiki akabatanidzwa kuti ave vatambi vedunhu
4. Internationalization: Kuwedzera mumisika yekunze kune mikana yekutengesa iri nani
5. Innovation uye yemazuva ano: Investments mune tekinoroji uye chigadzirwa innovation
6. Strategic acquisitions: Kukura kuburikidza nekutora kumba nekune dzimwe nyika

Zvabuda zvazvino (2023):

Kuonekwa	Nhamba/Mari
Nhamba yenhengo (varimi vemukaka)	16,000
Kuchinja kwegore	€ 13 bhiriyoni
Nyika dzekushanda	100
Vashandi pasi rose	23,000
Kugadzirwa kwemukaka pazuva	36 mamiriyoni emarita

Nyaya iyi inoratidza kuti cooperative inogona kukura sei kubva mukubatana kwemuno kuenda kune mutambi wepasi rese, nhengo dzichibatsirikana kubva muhukuru hwehupfumi uye chinzvimbo chemusika chakasimba.

8. Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvezvinoreva mubatanidzwa

Mubvunzo 1: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemubatanidzwa nemubatanidzwa? Mushandirapamwe unogona kugovera purofiti kunhengo dzawo uye unonangidzira pazvinhu zvinofarirwa, nepo sangano richivavarira zvinangwa uye ringasagovera purofiti. Vese vane hunhu hwepamutemo uye nedemocracy manejimendi chimiro.

Mubvunzo 2: Ko macooperative angagovera purofiti kunhengo here? Hongu, iwoyo musiyano unokosha kubva kushamwari. Macooperatives anogona kugovera purofiti kunhengo, kunze kwekunge izvi zvataurwa muzvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa uye zvichiitwa zvinoenderana nekiyi yekugovera yakabvumiranwa.

Mubvunzo 3: Ndeipi mitero inobhadharwa nemubatanidzwa? Cooperative iri pasi pemutero wemubatanidzwa (25.8% papurofiti iri pamusoro €395,000), VAT pamutengo wekudzoka, uye mutero wekubhadhara kana ichishandira vashandi. Cooperative inobhadhara mitero iyi nenzira yakafanana nemamwe masangano epamutemo.

Mubvunzo wechina: Ko mubatanidzwa wakakodzera here vanhu vanozvishandira? Hongu, vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanozvishandira vanogona kutanga mubatanidzwa wekutenga pamwe chete, kutora kondirakiti, kana kugovana nzvimbo yehofisi. Ndapota cherechedza kuti izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye zvipo zvekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.

Mubvunzo wechishanu: Unoparadza sei cooperative? Cooperative inopedzwa nesarudzo yepamutemo yemusangano mukuru wenhengo, inoteverwa nekumiswa uye kubviswa kunyoreswa neChamber of Commerce. Chero midziyo yasara inogovaniswa zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvemubatanidzwa. Muchiitiko chekuparara kana kubhuroka, nhengo dzemubatanidzwa dzinogona kuve nemhosva kune iyo cooperative pachayo pane chero kukanganisa.

9. Mhedziso: Pfungwa huru nezvezvinorehwa nemubatanidzwa

Iwo mashanu akanyanya kukosha mapoinzi nezve cooperatives:

1. Uridzi hweDemocratic: Nhengo varidzi pamwe chete uye vanotonga zvine gutsaruzhinji vaine kodzero dzekuvhota dzakaenzana
2. Flexible mutoro: Sarudzo pakati peUA, BA, kana WA inosarudza njodzi dzenhengo
3. Zvakanakira zvehupfumi: Hupfumi hwechiyero, kugovana mutengo uye simba rekutenga pamwe chete rinosimbisa chinzvimbo chemusika
4. Kugovera purofiti kunobvumidzwa: Kusiyana nemasangano, makorasi anogona kugovera purofiti kunhengo
5. -Siyana mafomu: Inokodzera zvikamu zvakasiyana, kubva kune zvekurima kusvika kune zvemazuva ano

Ko mubatanidzwa wakakodzera riini? Mushandirapamwe wakanyatsokodzera kune vemabhizinesi vanoda kushanda pamwechete asi vachichengeta rusununguko rwavo, vanoda kutenga kana kutengesa pamwe chete, kana kuona kutonga kwedemocracy kwakakosha.

Inguvai isina kukodzera? Nekukurumidza kuita sarudzo, vekunze vanoisa mari, kana kana nhengo dziine zvido zvakasiyana zvakanyanya zvinonetsa kuyananisa.

Nhanho inotevera: Uri kufunga kuumba mubatanidzwa here? Bata gweta kana barrister pa mutemo & Zvimwe kune mazano akagadzirirwa. 

Chiito: Ongorora kana zvakanakira bhizimusi remubatanidzwa zvinoenderana nezvibodzwa zvebhizinesi rako uye kuti unoda here kuisa mari mukuita sarudzo dzegutsaruzhinji nekubatanidzwa kwenhengo.