MuNetherlands, shopu yekofi inzvimbo ine rezinesi iyo vanhu vakuru vanogona kutenga uye vanowanzo shandisa cannabis pasi pemutemo wenyika wekushivirira (gedoogbeleid). Cannabis inoramba isiri pamutemo pasi peOpium Act, asi zviremera kazhinji hazvimhan'ara kutengesa zvidiki-diki kana zvinhu kana mitemo yakasimba ikateverwa. Izvi zvinoreva cheki chezera (18+), kusimbiswa kweID, miganhu pamari, uye hapana doro kana zvinodhaka zvakaoma. Mitemo iyi inotevedzwa sei inogona kusiyana nemanisipala, ndosaka Amsterdam uye maguta emuganhu anogona kunzwa zvakasiyana.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mitemo ine basa — izvo zvinotenderwa uye izvo zvisiri zvevaenzi nevashandisi. Isu tinovhara maitiro ekushivirira, zvinyoro zvichienzaniswa nemishonga yakaoma, miganhu yevatengi uye ID zvinodiwa, mutemo wekugara (i-criterium), iyo yeAHOJGI maitiro evashandisi, zvibvumirano uye mitemo yemanisipala, kuongorora uye zvirango, kugovera "backdoor" uye itsva yakavharwa kuedza kweketani, misiyano yemunharaunda, kushandiswa kwepamutemo mukuita, uye nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwepamutemo.
Dutch toleration policy (gedoogbeleid) yakatsanangura
Gedoogbeleid zvinoreva kuti humwe hunhu hunoramba huri kunze kwemutemo musimboti asi hunotenderwa mukuita kana mamiriro akasimba akazadzikiswa. Pasi pemutemo weDutch Opium Act, kuva ne, kutengesa, kana kugadzira zvinodhaka zvinorambidzwa. Nekudaro, Public Prosecution Service kazhinji haimhan'are mashopu ekofi anoteedzera mitemo yenyika uye haimhan'are vanhu nekuda kwekutora mari shoma: kusvika 5 magiramu e cannabis or 5 cannabis zvinomera (zvinomera zvinowanzobatwa).
Chinangwa chegwaro iri ndechekuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji, kuchengetedza mishonga yakapfava yakaparadzana nemishonga yakaoma, uye kuderedza dambudziko nehutsotsi. Kushivirira kune zvirango uye zvemunharaunda: masevhisi anosarudza kana zvitoro zvekofi zvingashanda, zvingani, uye zvinogona kumisa mimwe mitemo kana kuteedzera zvakakosha.
Mishonga yakapfava inopesana nemishonga yakaoma pasi peOpium Act
The Dutch Opium Act inosiyanisa pakati pezvikamu zviviri: mishonga yakapfava uye mishonga yakaoma. Cannabis (mbanje/hashi) mushonga wakapfava paChinyorwa II; kutengesa nekuva nazvo zvinoramba zvisiri pamutemo asi zvinotenderwa muzvitoro zvekofi pasi pemamiriro akasimba. Mishonga yakaoma paChinyorwa I inorambidzwa zvachose - zvitoro zvekofi zvinogona kusazvitengesa uye kutyorwa kunogona kutungamirira kumutemo. Kune vanhu, kushivirira kunoshanda chete kune zvidiki zve cannabis (kusvika ku5 gramu); hapana kuregerera kwakafanana kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Uyu musiyano unotsigira mitemo yekofi muNetherlands.
Mitemo yevatengi: zera, ID, kutenga uye miganhu
Kana iwe uchitenga cannabis pasi pemitemo yekofi muNetherlands, izvo zvekutanga zviri nyore: unofanirwa kunge uine makore gumi nemasere kana kupfuura, ratidza ID yakakodzera pakukumbira, uye namatira kune zvidiki. Kushivirira kunoshanda chete kune huwandu hwekushandisa iwe pachako. Tsanangudzo yekusimbisa inogona kusiyana neguta, saka tarisira kutariswa kwakasimba mune mamwe maseru uye ronga kutenga pachako.
- 18+ chete: Huya nechitupa chakakodzera (pasipoti, EU ID kadhi, kana mvumo yekugara). Vashandi vanofanira kuona zera uye, mune mamwe maguta, pekugara.
- Purchase cap: pamusoro-soro 5 gramu pamunhu pazuva; isingasviki magiramu mashanu mukutengesa kumwe chete.
- Possession limit: Kusvika pa 5 magiramu kazhinji inoshivirirwa; zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera kutorwa uye kupomerwa mhosva.
- Vana vanorambidzwa: Under-18s havabvumidzwe mukati mezvitoro zvekofi.
- Hapana doro kana zvinodhaka zvakaoma: musazvikumbira kana kuzvipedza; kutengesa kunorambidzwa.
- Mu-munhu chete: Hapana maodha epamhepo kana kutumira kunobvumidzwa.
Chinodiwa chekugara kune coffeeshops (i-criterium)
Chinodiwa chekugara (i-criterium) chinomisa kupinda muchitoro chekofi uye kutengesa kune vagari veNetherlands. Kubva 1 Ndira 2013, vanhu chete vakanyoreswa munharaunda yeDutch vanogona kutenga mukati. Vashandi vanofanirwa kuona zera (18+) uye pekugara, kazhinji vaine ID inoshanda kana mvumo yekugara pamwe nechidimbu cheBRP. Kutevedzwa kwemutemo kunosiyana nekanzuru; vamwe vanoshandisa mutemo zvakasimba, vamwe zvishoma. Kusatarisa kunogona kukonzeresa kumanikidza kunopesana nekofishop.
Mitemo yevashandisi vekofishop: AHOJGI maitiro, stock uye kutengesa
Kushanda muchitoro chekofi zvinoreva kutevedzera zuva rega rega nemitemo yenyika yekushivirira, inozivikanwa neacronym AHOJGI, pamwe nekutengesa kwakati wandei uye masheya. Zviremera zvinogona kuita kana chero mamiriro akatyorwa, saka vashandisi vanofanirwa kuvaka kutevedzera mutemo wegonhi, mudonzvo, uye mabasa ezuva nezuva.
- A - Kurambidzwa kwekushambadzira: Hapana kusimudzirwa kana kushambadza kwezvinodhaka kana coffeeshop.
- H - Mishonga yakaoma: Hapana zvachose mishonga yakaoma panzvimbo kana mukutengesa.
- O - Kushungurudza (kupfuura): Dzivirirai mhirizhonga yeruzhinji nekunetsa munharaunda.
- J - Vechidiki (jeugdigen): Hapana kupinda kwevadiki uye hapana kutengesa kune chero munhu ari pasi pe18.
- G - Zvizhinji zvakawanda: Hapana kutengeswa pamusoro pe5 gramu pamunhu mune imwe chete kutengeserana / zuva.
- Ini — Vagari (ingezetenen): Bvuma uye tengesa chete kune vagari veNetherlands; tarisa ID/BRP.
- Stock cap: Chengetedza huwandu hwe500 gramu yemishonga yakapfava pa-site.
- Hapana doro: Usashumire kana kubvumira kutengesa doro / kushandiswa.
- Mu-munhu chete: Hapana online zvinopihwa uye hapana kuendesa kune vatengi.
Mvumo nemitemo yekanzuru yekuvhura kana kutora chitoro chekofi
Kana uchigona vhura chitoro chekofi zvinoenderana zvachose nemutemo wekanzuru. Makanzuru anosarudza kana zvitoro zvekofi zvichitenderwa, vangani vangashanda, uye pasi pemamiriro api. Pazvinotenderwa, vashandisi vanowanzoda mvumo yekushanda yenzvimbo yekudyira uye vanofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yenyika yeAHOJGI. Makanzuru mazhinji emaguta anorambidza mashopu matsva ekofi uye anongobvumidza iwe kutora bhizinesi riripo rine rezinesi.
- Municipal policy kutanga: Maguta anoisa maallowance, manhamba, uye mamwe mamiriro enzvimbo.
- Mvumo yekushandisa: Chibvumirano chekushanda / chikafu chinowanzodiwa usati wavhura.
- Bibob screening: Probity cheki inogona kuramba kana kubvisa mvumo yenjodzi dzemhosva.
- Mukova uye mitemo yekutengesa: Simbisa 18+ uye kugara; max 5 g pamunhu; kwete vana.
- Mitemo yekushandisa: Hapana doro, hapana kushambadza, hapana online kutengesa / kuendesa; max 500 g stock.
- Kubatanidzwa kwekutanga: Taura kukanzuru nguva isati yakwana kuti usimbise zvinogoneka uye maitiro.
Kuongorora uye zvirango zvekusatevedzera
Mashopu ekofi anotariswa nevakuru vekanzuru nemapurisa — kazhinji asina kuziviswa — nezve kutevedzera neAHOJGI, iyo i-criterium (kugara), zera / ID verification, iyo 5-giramu yekutengesa muganho, iyo 500-giramu stock cap, hapana advertising, uye hapana doro. Ongororo inopindurawo kune zvichemo zvekunetsa. Kutevedzwa pasi peOpium Act uye mamiriro emvumo yekanzuru anosiyana neguta, asi varidzi vanoramba vaine mutoro wekutariswa kwemusuwo uye kushanda pasi pemitemo yekofi muNetherlands.
- Yambiro/report: Chiziviso chakanyorwa uye kuwedzera kwekutarisa mushure mekutyora kudiki.
- Kubatwa/kutorwa: Zvigadzirwa zvakasvibiswa kana kuwanda kwehuwandu zvinogona kubatwa.
- Kuvhara maodha: Kuvhara kwenguva pfupi kwekutyora kwakanyanya kana kudzokororwa.
- Mvumo chiito: Kumiswa kana kubvisa; Bibob screening inogona kuvharisa kana kukanzura.
- Kuchuchisa: Kunyanya kumishonga yakaoma kana mhosva huru; vanhu vane anopfuura magiramu mashanu enjodzi yekutorwa uye kupomerwa.
Iyo yekugovera 'backdoor' uye yakavharwa coffeeshop cheni kuyedza
Kwemakumi emakore, kutengeswa kwekofi kwave kutenderwa "pamusuwo wepamberi," nepo kuwanikwa ku "musuwo wekuseri" kwakaramba kusiri pamutemo. Kurima nekutengesa zvakakura zvinorambidzwa, uye kunyangwe kurima diki-diki kunoenderana nekubatwa; Zvichakadaro, zvitoro zvekofi zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yekutengesa uye 500-giramu pane-saiti stock cap. Kusawirirana uku-kutenderwa kwekutengesa kunopesana nekupa zvisiri pamutemo-kwakawedzera grey-musika zvinhu uye kunetsa kwakabatana nehutsotsi kunyangwe neimwe nzira yakajeka yekofishop muNetherlands.
Kugadzirisa izvi, hurumende yakatanga chirongwa cheClosed Coffeeshop Chain Experiment ("weed experiment"). Chikamu chayo chekuyedza chakatanga muna Kubvumbi 2025. Mumakanzuru ari kutora chikamu, zvitoro zvekofi zvinopihwa chete nevarimi vane marezenisi pasi pekutonga kwakasimba kuti vaedze cheni inodzorwa zvizere nekuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kweveruzhinji nekutarisisa kunaka.
- Chii chinochinja: Zvemutemo, zvinopihwa marezinesi kune vari kutora chikamu zvitoro zvekofi chete.
- Chii chinogara: 18+, ID / pekugara macheki, 5 g pamunhu / zuva, hapana doro / zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, hapana online kutengesa / kuendesa.
- Kwazvinoshanda: Chete mumadhumeni ekuedza; kumwe kunhu, backdoor inoramba isiri pamutemo.
Guta neguta misiyano: Amsterdam, Maastricht nemataundi emuganhu
Nepo mitemo yenyika ichiisa hwaro, masevhisi anosarudza kana mashopu ekofi angashande, mangani anotenderwa, uye kuti anotevedzera zvakadii maitiro chaiwo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiitiko chezuva nezuva pasi pemitemo yekofi muNetherlands inogona kusiyana: maguta ese anoshandisa 18+, 5-gram miganho, uye hapana mishonga yakaoma, asi cheki yekugara uye kudzora kunetsa kunosiyana.
- Amsterdam: Mashopu mashoma ekofi mumakore achangopfuura uye kutarisisa kwakasimba pakudzikamisa kunetsa. Kutevedzwa kwemutemo wekugara isarudzo yemasipala uye inogona kusiyana nekufamba kwenguva.
- Maastricht: I-i-criterium inoshandiswa zvakasimba; vagari chete (vane ID uye kazhinji BRP humbowo) vanogona kupinda nekutenga.
- Border towns: Makanzuru mazhinji ekumaodzanyemba anoganhura anoshingairira kutevedzera mutemo wevagari vega chete kumisa kushanya kwezvinodhaka; tarisira kuomarara ID macheki.
Kushandisa cannabis zviri pamutemo: kuputa paruzhinji, kutyaira, dzimba uye kufamba
Kushandisa cannabis zviri pamutemo muNetherlands zvinoreva kugara mukati memitemo yekushivirira uye nemitemo yemuno. Kushandiswa kweveruzhinji kunonyanya kudzorwa nemitemo yekunetsa; masevhisi anogona kuwedzera zvirambidzo zvawo, saka gara uchitevera zviratidzo zvakatumirwa uye gwara renzvimbo. Mukati menzvimbo, rangarira kuti fodya yakarambidzwa, saka fodya-musanganiswa wecannabis haugone kuputirwa mumba. Chengetedza pfuma yako kune diki, mari-yekushandisa-yemunhu (kusvika ku5 magiramu) uye tenga iwe pachako-kutengesa online uye kuendesa hazvibvumidzwe.
- Kusvuta paruzhinji: Remekedza mitemo yemanisiparati uye kudzivirira kunetsa; maguta anogona kuisa zvimwe zvirambidzo uye kuzvisimbisa munharaunda.
- Kutyaira: Usatyaira pasi pesimba rezvinodhaka-isa kuchengeteka pakutanga.
- Housing: Kukura cannabis hazvisi pamutemo; kunyangwe zvinosvika zvishanu zvinomera zvichabatwa, uye maroja anokura nekudzingwa munjodzi.
- Kufamba: Kushivirira kunoshanda mukati meNetherlands; usafunge kuti cannabis inotenderwa kunze kwenyika kana pasi pemitemo yekunze.
Mazano anoshanda kune vashanyi uye vagari
Kuti ugare mukati memitemo yekofi muNetherlands, ronga kushanya kwako uye uchengetedze zviri nyore: unza chitupa chakakodzera, tarisa mitemo yenzvimbo, tenga zvidiki, uye shandisa zvine hungwaru. Izvo zvakakosha pazasi zvinobatsira vashanyi uye vagari kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika zvinokonzeresa kuteedzera kana kunyunyuta.
- ID uye pekugara: Takura ID inoshanda; vagari vangangoda BRP inotorwa.
- 5-giramu muganho: Namatira kune 5 gramu max pazuva uye kuva nazvo.
- Rezenisi chete: Tenga chete kubva kuzvitoro zvine rezinesi; kwete vatengesi vemumigwagwa.
- Shandisa mitemo: Hapana fodya inosanganiswa mumba; usatyaire; hapana online maodha / kuendesa.
Nguva yekuwana rubatsiro rwemutemo
Bvunza a Gweta rechiDutch kutanga kana ukatarisana nekutevedzwa pasi pemitemo yekofi muNetherlands kana kuronga kuvhura kana kutenga kofi shopu. Zano rekutanga rinojekesa mitemo yeOpium Act, mvumo yemunisiparati, uye mazuva ekupedzisira ekufambisa.
- Chiito chemapurisa chekutora zvakanyanya, kurima, kana DUI.
- Kuvhara hurongwa, kubatwa, kana faindi yeAHOJGI/i-criterium issues.
- Kuramba kwemvumo, matambudziko ekuvandudza, kana njodzi yeBibob yekuongorora.
- Landlord kudzingwa kana kukakavara inishuwarenzi pamusoro pekufungidzirwa kukura.
- Mibvunzo yekuenderana mune yakavharwa coffeeshop cheni kuyedza.
mhedziso
Muchidimbu, mirau yechitoro chekofi muNetherlands inodzikamisa hutano hweveruzhinji nekuchengetedzeka nekupinda kwakanyatso kudzorwa: 18+ chete, ID (uye kazhinji kugara) macheki, magiramu mashanu emuganho, hapana doro kana zvinodhaka, uye mabasa akasimba emufambisi ari pasi pekutariswa nemasipala. Kusimbisa uye kuita kwezuva nezuva kunogona kusiyana neguta, nepo yakavharwa ketani yekuyedza bvunzo yakadzora kugovera pasina kushandura mitemo yekutengesa.
Iva nemubvunzo wekuteerera, kutarisana nenjodzi yekuongorora kana yekuvhara, kana kuronga kuvhura kana kutenga kofi shopu? Wana gwara remutemo rakajeka, rinoshanda kubva kuchikwata chedu chemitauro yakawanda pa Law & More.