1. Nhanganyaya: Chii chinonzi Alimony uye Nei Chakakosha
Kubhadhara mari yeAlimony zvisungo zvekubhadhara zviri pamutemo zvinomuka mushure mekurambana, kubviswa kwemubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa kana kuparara kwehukama. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuvimbisa kuchengetedza kwevana uye vaimbova shamwari. Ungave uri kubhadhara kuchengetedza kana kuigamuchira, zvakakosha kuti uzive kodzero dzako nezvisungo zvako. Gwaro iri rinopa mucherechedzo wakadzama wekuchengeta vana nekuchengeta murume kana mukadzi, nzira dzinoshandiswa kuvaverengera, maitirwo emutemo anoshanda paunorambana, uye zvinorehwa nemutero paunenge uchinyora gwaro remutero waunotambira.
Isu tinovhara tsananguro dzemhando mbiri dzekuchengetedza, nzira dzekuverenga dzazvino zvinoenderana neTrema zviyero, shanduko dzakakosha kubva 2020, uye matanho anoshanda ekuona kuchengetedza. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira vabereki vakarambana, vaimboshanda navo uye magweta kuti vaite zvibvumirano zvakajeka nezvekuchengetedza pamwe chete. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuita chibvumirano chakajeka pamusoro penguva uye chiyero chekuchengetedza vasati varambana kana kuti panguva yekurambana, kuitira kuti matambudziko emutemo adziviswa uye kugara zvakanaka kwevose vanobatanidzwa kunodzivirirwa.
2. Kunzwisisa Kuchengetedza: Mazano Anokosha uye Tsanangudzo
2.1 Tsanangudzo Dzakakosha
Rutsigiro rwevana mupiro unobhadharwa nemubereki pakuchengeta nekurerwa kwevana mushure mekurambana. Kazhinji kazhinji, mubereki anotarisira mwana kazhinji kazhinji anogamuchira tsigiro yomwana kubva kune mumwe mubereki. Chisungo ichi chinowanzoshanda kusvika mwana asvika makore makumi maviri nerimwe kana kuti azvimiririra, semuenzaniso nekushanda kana kudzidza nemari yake. Dare rinogona kuona kutsigirwa kwevana, asi vabereki vanogonawo kuita zvibvumirano.
Rutsigiro rwevakaroorana irutsigiro rwemari urwo waaimbova shamwarikadzi anogashira kana asina mari yakakwana yokuzviraramisa. Kubva 1 Ndira 2020, izvi zvakaganhurwa kusvika pamakore mashanu, kunze kwekunge paine zvisizvo, semuenzaniso mune michato yenguva refu kana mamiriro akakosha. Kana muchato kana mubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa wakatora makore asingasviki gumi, aimbova mukwanyina anogashira kuchengetwa kwehafu yenguva yemuchato kana kudyidzana.
Mamwe mazwi anokosha aunowanzosangana nawo ndeomupiro wekuchengetedza (rimwe izwi rinoreva alimony), chisungo che alimony (chisungo chepamutemo chekubhadhara alimony), uye kukwanisa kwemari (kukwanisa kwebato rinobhadhara kubhadhara alimony). Mubereki wese ane mutoro wezvemari kumwana wavo, kunyangwe mushure mekurambana.
2.2 Mitemo yeMutemo
Mitemo inodzora kuchengetedza inotarwa muCivil Code, kunyanya muBhuku 1. Izvi zvinoratidzira apo kuchengetedza kunotarisirwa uye pasi pemamiriro api anogona kutsanangurwa. Kana pasina zvibvumirano zvakaitwa pamusoro penguva yekuchengetedza, hapana nguva yakatarwa. Gweta rinogona kukubatsira kuita zvibvumirano kana kunyorera mari yekugadzirisa. Murevereri anogonawo kuita basa rinokosha pakuzadzisa zvibvumirano pakati pevaimbova vadyidzani.
Zviyero zveTrema igwara renyika rinoshandiswa kuverenga muripo wekugadzirisa. Aya mazinga anorongedzerwa gore negore uye anogadziriswa kumamiriro ehupfumi. Gweta rinowanzonyora zvibvumirano zvekuchengetedza muchibvumirano chekurambana, kuitira kuti vose vari vaviri vajekese nezvekodzero dzavo nezvisungo.
3. Sei Mari Yekuchengeta Yakakosha Mushure mekurambana
Alimony yakakosha kuchengetedza zvido zvevana uye kudzivirira urombo mushure mekurambana. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu chekurambana chinoguma netsigiro yevakaroorana, nepo mune dzinenge zviitiko zvese zvinosanganisira vana vadiki, kutsigirwa kwevana kunotsanangurwa. Zvakakosha kubhadhara alimony maererano nezvibvumirano zvakaitwa, sezvo ichi chiri chisungo chepamutemo.
Huwandu hwedata hunoratidza kuti avhareji yekutsigirwa kwevana inosiyana pakati pe£150 ne400 pamwedzi pamwana, ukuwo rubatsiro rwevakaroorana rwuri pakati pe£300 ne£800 pamwedzi. Inosvika 85% yemari yemendenenzi ndeyekuchengetedza vana. Nehurombo, mune ingangoita 15% yezviitiko, kubhadhara kwekuchengetedza kunononoka, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko emari kune anogamuchira uye dzimwe nguva zvinoda imwezve danho repamutemo.
Kubhadharwa kwekuchengetedza kwakanyatsogadziriswa kunovimbisa kuti vana vanogona kuenderera mberi nehupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ose uye kuti vaimbova vadiwa vane nguva yekuzvimiririra mune zvemari, izvo zvinobatsira kumamiriro ezvinhu akagadzikana mushure mekurambana.
4. Tafura yekuenzanisa: Rutsigiro rwevana vs. Rutsigiro rwevakaroorana
| Kuonekwa | Mwana anotsigira | Kutsigira murume / mukadzi |
|---|---|---|
| chinguva | Kusvika pazera re21 kana kuzvimirira | Maximum yemakore mashanu (kubvira 2020) |
| Conditions | Mwana mudiki, mubereki | Wanano, mari isingakwani |
| Kuverenga | Trema mazinga + kugona kwemari | Inoda + kugona kwemari |
| Kuguma | 21 makore ezera, kuzvimirira, kutorwa | 5 makore, kuroorazve, kugarisana |
| Mutero unobviswa | Muzviitiko zvakakosha chete | Hongu, yepamusoro 36.97% (2024) |
| Indexing | Gore negore maererano neCBS | Gore negore maererano neCBS |
Tafura iyi inopa muono wakajeka wemisiyano mikuru uye kufanana kuri pakati pekuchengeta mwana uye kuchengetwa kwevakaroorana. Semuyenzaniso, kuchengetwa kwemwana kunowanzogara kusvika mwana asvika makore makumi maviri nerimwe, ukuwo kuchengetwa kwevakaroorana kwakaganhurirwa kusvika pamakore mashanu kubva muna 2020, kunze kwekunge pane zvisizvo.
5. Nhanho-ne-Nhanho Yekuronga Kuronga Kubhadhara Mari
Danho 1: Sarudza Rudzi rweKuchengeta
Usati watanga kuronga kuchengetedza, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekugadzirisa runoshanda.
Kuti utsigire mwana, zvibvunze mibvunzo inotevera:
- Kune vana vari pasi pemakore 21 here?
- Ndiani ane kodzero yekuchengeta vana?
- Ndedzipi dziri gadziriro dzokutarisira, somuenzaniso, kangani vana vane mumwe mubereki (kupera kwevhiki, mazororo)?
- Ndeupi mubereki ane mari yakawanda?
Kuti uwane rubatsiro rwevakaroorana, zvakakosha kuziva:
- Muchato kana kuti muchato wakanyoreswa wakatora nguva yakareba sei?
- Ndeipi mihoro yevaviri ava?
- Aimbova mudiwa anogona kuzviriritira akazvimiririra here?
- Pane mamiriro api neapi anokosha here, akadai sechirwere kana kuti zera, ane basa?
- Kana mamiriro emari emugamuchiri wekugadzirisa akashata, dare rinogona kukumbirwa kuwedzera nguva yekuchengetedza.
- Muchato kana kuti muchato wakanyoreswa wakatora nguva yakareba sei?
- Ndeipi mihoro yevaviri ava?
- Aimbova mudiwa anogona kuzviriritira akazvimiririra here?
- Pane mamiriro api neapi anokosha here, akadai sechirwere kana kuti zera, ane basa?
Danho rechipiri: Verenga huwandu hwekugadzirisa
Kuverenga kwekuchengetedza kunoenderana nerudzi.
Kutsigira vana, shandisa maitiro eTrema. Sarudza mambure emari yevabereki vese uye uverenge huwandu hwemari maererano nematafura. Mari yacho inogovaniswa zvichienderana nemari inowanikwa uye nhamba yemazuva ekuchengeta. Kutsigira kwevana kunotarirwa zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana uye hazvigone kuverengwa nyore nyore. Mari ine chekuita nevana uye chero maallowances anotariswawo.
Pakuchengeta murume/mukadzi, zvinodiwa neaichimbova mudiwa, kureva mararamiro anodiwa, uye kukwanisa kwemari yeanobhadhara, kureva mari yaanowana kubvisa mari yaanoshandisa, zvinotariswa. Kusiyana pakati pezvinodiwa uye simba rezvemari rinotarisa huwandu hwekuchengetedza.
Pane maturusi akasiyana aunogona kushandisa pakuverenga, senge Nibud kugadzirisa calculation tool, Trema zviyero zvekuverenga module, uye software yepamutemo iyo magweta anowanzo shandisa.
Nhanho 3: Kurekodha uye kutarisa
Kana mari yacho yaverengwa, zvakakosha kunyora zvibvumirano zvakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nechibvumirano chekurambana kune gweta, mutongo wedare mushure mekukumbira, kana chirongwa chevabereki chekuchengeta mwana.
Mukuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kune zvinotevera gore negore:
- Kutarisa iyo indexation zvinoenderana neCBS mutengo index
- Kuchengeta nhoroondo yekuchinja kwemari
- Automating kubhadhara kuburikidza nebhangi
- Kubata gweta kana paine shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu
Nekutevera nhanho idzi, unogona kudzivirira kusanzwisisa uye kuona kuti kubhadhara kwekuchengetedza kunofamba zvakanaka.
6. Mutero uye Maintenance: Mutero Migumisiro kune Mubhadhari uye Mugamuchiri
Kana iwe uchibhadhara kana kugamuchira kugadzirisa, izvi zvine chekuita zvakananga pamutero wako wemari. Saka zvakakosha kuti uzive nzira yekuisa kuchengetedza mukudzoka kwako kwemutero uye izvo zvaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo, kuti usasangana chero zvinoshamisa.
6. Kudzivisa Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika muAlimony
Zvakakosha kudzivisa zvimwe zvikanganiso zvakajairika pakuronga alimony:
Kukanganisa 1: Kukanganwa indexation yegore
Mari yeAlimony inofanirwa kugadziridzwa gore rega rega inoenderana nenhamba dzeCBS. Pasina indexation, simba rekutenga remugamuchiri rinoderera, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko emari.
Mistake 2: Kumisa kuchengeta mwana pa18
Chisungo chepamutemo chekuchengeta mwana chinowanzoshanda kutozosvikira mwana asvika makore makumi maviri nerimwe, kunyanya kana mwana achiri kudzidza kana kuti asina mari yake. Kumira pazera re18 kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yepamutemo.
Mistake 3: Kusabvisa rubatsiro rwevakaroorana mukudzoka kwako kwemutero
Kubva 2024, unogona kubvisa rutsigiro rwevakaroorana kusvika pa36.97% yemari yacho, chero mari yaunowana iri pamusoro peimwe chikumbaridzo. Izvi zvinogona kuguma nemutero wakakura wemutero.
Pro Tip: Gadzirisa otomatiki kubhadhara uye tarisa indexation gore negore. Chengetedza humbowo hwese hwekubhadhara yemutero wako wemutero uye zivisa wawakambofambidzana naye munguva yakanaka nezve chero shanduko yemuhoro.
7. Muenzaniso unoshanda: Kurongeka kweAlimony kumhuri yekwaVan der Berg
Kuti tijekese dzidziso, ngatitarisei mamiriro emhuri yeVan der Berg.
Vabereki ava vave nemakore 12 vakaroorana uye vane vana vaviri vane makore 12 ne16. Baba vanotambira €70,000 gross pagore, amai €30,000 gross. Pane hurongwa hwekurera vana pamwe chete hwekuti vana vanopedza 60% yenguva yavo naamai vavo uye 40% nababa vavo. Amai vacho vanoshanda nguva shoma asi vanoda kuwedzera maawa avo.
Kugadziriswa kunoitwa sezvinotevera:
| mhando | Kuverenga | Mari pamwedzi |
|---|---|---|
| Mwana anotsigira | Zvinoenderana neTrema zviyero: €175 pamwana pasi pechirongwa che60/40 | £350 |
| Kutsigira murume / mukadzi | Kukwanisa €1,200, zvinodiwa €800 = €600 kwemakore matanhatu | £600 |
| muunganidzwa | €950 |
Kubva pamaonero emutero, izvi zvinoreva kubhadhara kwepagore kwekuchengetedza kwe11,400 yababa. Anogona kubvisa kuchengetedza kwevakaroorana kubva pakudzoka kwake kwemutero wemari, kunze kwekuti mamiriro acho akazadzikiswa (zvakadai sechibvumirano chakanyorwa uye kubhadhara chaiko). Nekuda kwekubviswa kwerutsigiro rwevakaroorana (yakanyanya 37.48% muna 2025), anogamuchira mutero wemutero weanenge £4,273. Mutengo kuna baba saka  £7,127 pagore.
Muuyo wacho ndewokuti vabereki vose vari vaviri vanochengeta mupimo une mufungo wokurarama, vana vanotapurwa zvishoma sezvinobvira nokurambana, uye amai vanozvimirira mune zvemari pashure pamakore matanhatu.
8. Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pemari yekuchengetedza
Q1: Ndinobhadhara mari yevana kwenguva yakareba sei?A1: Unobhadhara mari yekuchengeta mwana kusvikira mwana asvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe kana kuti azvimiririra. Izvi zvinoshandawo panguva yezvidzidzo, kunze kwekunge mwana ane mari yakakwana yega.
Q2: Kutsigira kwevakaroorana kunogona kugadziriswa here?A2: Hongu, kana pane kuchinja kukuru mumamiriro ezvinhu, zvakadai sekuchinja kwemari, matambudziko ehutano kana hukama hutsva, dare rinogona kuchinja kana kugumisa mari yacho. Gweta rinogona kukubatsira neizvi.
Q3: Chii chinoitika kana wandaimbofambidzana naye akapinda muukama hutsva?A3: Kugarisana kunogona kuva chikonzero chekugumisa rubatsiro rwevakaroorana, asi rubatsiro rwevana rucharamba ruchienderera mberi. Dare richaongorora izvi pane imwe nyaya-ne-nyaya.
Q4: Mutero wekugadzirisa unobviswa here?A4: Kuchengetedzwa kwevakaroorana kunobviswa kusvika pa36.97% muna 2024, zvichienderana nemari yaunowana. Kuchengeta mwana kunobviswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, akadai sevana vokurera kana kurerwa nevamwe.
Q5: Ko kana wandaimbofambidzana naye akasabhadhara?A5: Unogona kukumbira rubatsiro kubva kuLBIO (National Maintenance Collection Agency) kana kuita mubatsiri. Gweta rinogonawo kutora matanho emutemo kuti mari iyi itevedzwe.
Mushure mekuverenga iyi mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa, uchine mibvunzo nezve kugadzirisa kana kuti unoda rubatsiro rwemutemo? Ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu.
9. Mhedziso: Pfungwa Huru pamusoro peKubhadhara Kubhadhara
Alimony chikamu chakakosha chekugadziriswa kwekurambana kana kuparara kwemubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa. Kutsigira kwevana kunosungirwa kusvikira mwana asvika makore makumi maviri nerimwe uye anoverengwa maererano neTrema zviyero. Kubva 2020, rutsigiro rwevakaroora rwakaganhurirwa kusvika pamakore mashanu, zvichienderana nenguva yemuchato uye mamiriro emari evaimbova shamwari.
Usakanganwe kuratidza huwandu hwekugadzirisa gore negore zvichienderana neCBS price index. Kugadziriswa kwevakaroorana mutero unobviswa, izvo zvinogona kuva mukana wakakosha paunenge uchiisa mutero wako wemutero. Kana mamiriro ako ezvinhu akachinja, hungwaru kubvunza gweta, muyananisi kana gweta munguva yakanaka kuti uwane mazano.
Unoda kutanga iwe pachako? Dhawunirodha chishandiso chekuverenga alimony kuti uverenge mamiriro ako, kana kubata nyanzvi yemhuri mutemo gweta. Zvibvumirano zvakanaka nezve alimony zvinobatsira kudzivirira kukakavara uye kudzivirira kugara zvakanaka kwako, wako wekare uye, pamusoro pezvose, vana.
Negwaro iri rakazara rekuchengetedza muNetherlands, iwe uchave wakagadzirira kuronga kuchengetwa kwemwana uye kuchengetwa kwevakaroorana. Une mibvunzo here kana kuti unoda rubatsiro? Usazeze kubvunza gweta remhuri kubva Law & More ndiani anogona kukubatsira kuita zvibvumirano zvakanaka uye kuzvinyora. Izvi zvichava nechokwadi chokuti munhu wose awana zvaanofanira kuwana uye kuti upenyu pashure pokurambana hufambe zvakanaka sezvinobvira.