Kubhuroka: Yakazara Gwaro reVazvinabhizinesi uye Vanokwereta

1. Nhanganyaya: Chii chinonzi Bankruptcy uye Nei Zvichikosha

Kubhuroka inzira yepamutemo apo dare rinozivisa munhu kana kambani kuti yabhuroka kana vasisakwanise kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo zvemari. Kubhuroka kunowanzo ziviswa kana pasina mari yakakwana yekuzadzisa zvikwereti izvi; sangano rinobhuroka kana risingachakwanise kubhadhara zvikwereti zvaro. Mugwaro iri, muchadzidza kuti kubhuroka kunosanganisirei, mashandiro anoita maitiro acho, uye kuti kodzero dzako nezvisungo zvako ndezvipi semuzvinabhizinesi, mukweretesi, kana munhu ane hanya nazvo.

Iri gwara rakazara rinobata ese maficha ekubhuroka muNetherlands: kubva papfungwa pfungwa uye tsananguro kusvika kumatanho anoshanda anosanganisirwa mukunyora kubhuroka. Isu tinokurukura matanho ekudzivirira, mamwe maitiro akadai seAct on the Confirmation of Private Agreements (WHOA), uye tinopa chaiyo inoshanda mienzaniso.

Ungave uri muzvinabhizinesi ari kusangana nematambudziko emari, mukweretesi ari kuda kuchengetedza kodzero dzako, kana kungoda kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita mutemo wekuDutch wekusabhadhara zvikwereti , gwaro iri rinopa mhinduro dzakananga kumibvunzo yako.

2. Kunzwisisa Kubhuroka: Mafungiro Akakosha uye Tsanangudzo

2.1 Tsanangudzo Dzakakosha

Kubhuroka (bankruptcy) zvinoreva kuti munhu ane chikwereti anoziviswa zviri pamutemo kana arega kubhadhara uye asisakwanise kubhadhara zvikwereti zvake. Muchidimbu, inzira yekudzima pfuma yakabhuroka kana munhu kana sangano rabhuroka.

Mazwi akafanana akakosha uye mazwi ane hukama:

• Insolvency: Kusakwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti
• Kumiswa kwekubhadhara: Kuregedzerwa kwenguva pfupi kwekubhadhara pasi pekutonga kwedare
• Kugadzirisa zvikwereti (WSNP): Maitiro kune vanhu venyama vane zvikwereti zvinonetsa
• Trustee: Munhu anogadzwa nedare kuti atarisire nzvimbo yakabhuroka
• Bankrupt estate: Zvinhu zvemunhu akabhuroka zvinotungamirirwa nemugamuchiri

Musiyano uripo pakati pekubhuroka kwevanhu venyama nemasangano emutemo wakakosha. A proprietorship ega inowira pasi pehutongi hwevanhu vakasikwa, nepo kambani yakazvimiririra inoganhurwa kana kambani yeruzhinji yakaganhurwa inobatwa sesangano repamutemo. Panyaya yemasangano ari pamutemo, bhizinesi rinomira kuvapo zvachose, nepo vanhu venyama vanogona kutangazve bhizinesi mushure mekunge maitiro apera.

2.2 Conceptual Hukama

Kubhuroka chikamu cheboka rakawanda rekutadza kubhadhara. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kusarudzwa ndezvi:

• Kumiswa kwekubhadhara: Yakanangana nekuchengetedza kambani kuburikidza nekuregedzerwa kwenguva pfupi
• WHOA (Private Agreement Confirmation Act): Maitiro emazuva ano ekuronga patsva kunze kwekubhuroka
• Kugadzirisazve chikwereti: Zvakanyanya kune vanhu venyama vane zvikwereti zvinonetsa

Mapato makuru ane chekuita nekubhuroka ndeaya:

• dare: Inozivisa kubhuroka uye inogadza anogamuchira
• Trustee: Inotarisira iyo bankrupt estate uye inomiririra vanokwereta. Basa retrasti ndere kuunganidza zvichemo zvakawanda zvakasara sezvinobvira uye kuona midziyo, kuitira kuti vagogovera mari yacho pakati pevakweretesi.
• Vatengi: Mapato ane chikwereti chemari nebato rakabhuroka
• vashandi: Iva nekuchengetedzwa kwakakosha kuburikidza neUWV
• Gweta: Inomiririra mapato panguva yekutongwa

3. Sei Kuziva Kwekubhuroka Kwakakosha kune Dutch Entrepreneurs

Muna 2024, kubhuroka kunosvika zviuru zvitatu kusvika zviuru zvina zvichaziviswa muNetherlands gore rega rega, zvinova zvingangoita gumi pazuva rekushanda. Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza kuti kubhuroka injodzi chaiyo kune wese muzvinabhizimusi.

Kutarisira zvakanaka nyaya dzemari kwakakosha kudzivirira matambudziko emari uye pakupedzisira kubhuroka. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kugadzirisa matambudziko emari nenguva kuitira kuti zvikwereti zvirege kuwedzera uye kubhuroka kunogona kudziviswa.

Kukanganisa kwemari kwakakura:

• Vatengi gamuchira paavhareji chete 5-15% yezvavanoda kudzoserwa
• vashandi vanorasikirwa nemabasa, asi vane kodzero yekubatsirwa kuburikidza neUWV
• Shareholders yekambani yakazvimiririra inowanzorasikirwa nekudyara kwayo kwese

Kukosha kwekuzivikanwa kwekutanga kwematambudziko emari hakugone kurerutswa. Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanoita panguva yakakodzera vane zvimwe zvingasarudzwa:

• WHOA maitiro ekuronga patsva
• Kumiswa kwekubhadhara mari yekuregedzerwa kwenguva pfupi
• Hurongwa husina kurongwa nevakweretesi
• Tangazve pasi pesangano remutemo idzva

Kudzivirirwa kwemutemo kunopawo mikana. Kutangazve mushure mekubhuroka kunowanzoitika, zvichibvumira kambani kuti ienderere mberi pasi pemuridzi mutsva uye kuchengetedza mabasa.

4. Tafura yekuenzanisa Insolvency proceedings

Mitemo yakakosha pamaitiro:

• Kushungurudza: Vanenge 2 vakweretesi, vanokodzera uye vanobhadhara zvikwereti
• Kumiswa kwekubhadhara: Tarisiro yekudzoreredza mashandiro ebhizinesi
• WHOA: Vazhinji vevakweretesi vanofanira kubvumirana
• WSNP: Mari inowanikwa pasi pechikamu chekubatsira kwevanhu

5. Nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara: Iyo yekubhuroka maitiro

Danho 1: Kuziva Matambudziko Emari

Kuziva zviratidzo zveyambiro:

• Kusarirwa kwekubhadhara kwemazuva anopfuura makumi matatu
• Matambudziko ekuyerera kwemari anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura mwedzi mitatu
• Kusakwanisa kubhadhara mihoro kana mutero
• Vanokweretesa vanotumira zviyeuchidzo kana kuita bailiffs
• Mabhangi ari kudzima zvikwereti

Rondedzero yekuongorora mamiriro ako emari:

• [ ] Ita mhedziso yezvikwereti zvese nezvikwereti
• [ ] Verenga mafambiro ako epamwedzi emwedzi mitanhatu inotevera
• [ ] Ita nhevedzano yezvinhu zvinogona kutengeswa nekukurumidza
• [ ] Tarisa uone kana paine mhosva yako
• [ ] Bvunza accountant yako nezve chinzvimbo chako chemari

Nguva yekutora matanho: Kana usingakwanise kuzadzisa zvaunosungirwa mukati memwedzi mitatu, rubatsiro rwenyanzvi runodiwa. Usamirira kuti vanokweretesa vatore matanho ivo pachavo.

Danho 2: Kunyorera Kubhuroka

Mamiriro ekuisa chikumbiro chako: Munhu ane chikwereti anogona kuendesa chikumbiro chekubhuroka kana zvikazadzikiswa: Kambani inogonawo kuendesa chikumbiro chekubhuroka kana ichifungidzira kuti haizokwanisi kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokwanisikawo kunyorera rubatsiro rwechikwereti kuitira kudzivirira kubhuroka.

• Kune vanokwana 2 vanokwereta
• Zvikwereti zvinofanirwa uye zvinobhadharwa (zvichapfuura uye zvinounganidzwa)
• Mukwereti akarega kubhadhara
• Hapana tarisiro yechokwadi yokupora

Zvinyorwa zvinodikanwa uye mafomu:

• Chikumbiro chakapedzwa chekubhuroka
• Maakaundi epagore achangoburwa kana chirevo chemari nekushandiswa
• Maonero evakweretesi vese vane mari
• Rondedzero yemidziyo uye kukosha kwayo kunofungidzirwa
• Zvinyorwa zvebhangi zvemwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura
• Zvibvumirano zvebasa revashandi

Nzira yedare:

1. Tumira chikumbiro kudare uko kambani iripo
2. Bhadhara mari yedare (€154 yemasangano ari pamutemo, €63 yevanhu chaivo)
3. Gweta rinosungirwa kumasangano ari pamutemo uye rinokurudzirwa kuvanhu venyama
4. Dare richaronga kunzwa mukati memavhiki e2-4. Mushure mekunge chikumbiro chekubhuroka chaiswa, kunzwa kunorongwa. Mushure mekunge kubhuroka kwaziviswa, vakweretesi vanofanirwa kuisa zvirevo zvavo kune trustee.

Chikumbiro chevanokweretesa: Vanokweretesa vanogonawo kuendesa chikumbiro chekubhuroka kana:

• Mhosva yavo inofanira kunge iine £500
• Mukwereti akarega kubhadhara
• Pane nyaya ye insolvency

Danho rechitatu: Kutongwa nedare uye mutongo

Nzira yekutongwa kwedare:

• Mutongi anoongorora kana zvisungo zvese zvazadzikiswa
• Avo vanobatanidzwa vanogona kutsanangura chimiro chavo
• Zvinokwanisika kutumira tsamba kudare risati ranzwa kuti upikisane nechikumbiro chekubhuroka
• Mutongi anogona kubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pemamiriro emari
• Mutongo unopiwa pakarepo mushure mekunzwa

Kuongororwa nemutongi: Mutongi achafunga nezve:

• Kuti mukwereti atomira kubhadhara here
• Kana paine fungidziro yekutadza kuita mari
• Kunyangwe kubhuroka ndiyo yakanakisa mhinduro (dzimwe nguva mutongi anozopa kumisa)

Kugadzwa kweanotambira:

• Dare rinokurumidza kugadza trustee kubva kune rondedzero yenyanzvi
• MuGroningen nemamwe maguta makuru, kune akati wandei ane ruzivo matirasti anowanikwa
• Anogamuchira anopihwa simba rakazara pamusoro peiyo bankrupt estate
• Vatungamiri vanorasikirwa nekutonga kwese pamusoro pekambani. Dare rinosarudza mugamuchiri anotora sarudzo dzese dzekambani yakabhuroka.

Kuburitswa nemhedzisiro:

• Iko kubhuroka kunoburitswa muInsolvency Rejista mukati meawa makumi maviri nemana
• Vanokwereta vane mwedzi miviri yekuisa zvichemo zvavo
• Kutongwa kwese kwemutemo kune bato rakabhuroka kunomiswa. Ruzivo rwekubhuroka rwakanyorwa muCentral Insolvency Register, kusanganisira zita reanogamuchira uye zuva rekubhuroka.

6. Kutungamira kweiyo bankrupt estate

6.1 Basa remutirastii

Mutariri ndiye anotungamira mukutonga kweiyo bankrupt estate kana kambani yanzi nedare haina mari. Zvichienderana neBankruptcy Act uye Private Agreement Confirmation Act (WHOA), mutirastii ane basa rekutora zviwanikwa zvekambani zvese, kuzvigadzirisa uye pakupedzisira kuzvishandura kuita mari. Iyi nzira yakanangana nekushandira zvido zvevakweretesi zvakare sezvinobvira. The trustee inoongorora kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zviripo, inounganidza zvichemo uye inotengesa zvinhu, nguva dzose mukati memamiriro akaiswa nemutemo. Uye zvakare, mutirastii anofunga chero homologation yechibvumirano chakavanzika, apo vanokwereta vanogona pamwe chete kusvika pakugadziriswa. Munguva yese iyi, trustee inoshuma kudare uye inovimbisa kugadziriswa kwakajeka kweiyo bankrupt estate, kuitira kuti vanokwereta vazive pavamire.

6.2 Inventory uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu

Mushure mekugadzwa, trustee anobva atanga kuona zvinhu zvese zvekambani yakabhuroka. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvese midziyo inobatika, semichina, masheya nezvivakwa, uye midziyo isingabatike senge kodzero yezvivakwa zveuchenjeri. Mutirastii anodhirowa mucherechedzo wezvese zvinhu zvakakosha uye, pamwe chete nedare uye nekubvunzana nevakwereta, inoona kuti izvi zvingaite sei kutengeswa kana kutamiswa. Mari inowanikwa kubva mukutengesa uku inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvikwereti zvekambani kusvika pazvinobvira. Hurongwa hwese hunotungamirwa nedare kuona kuti zvido zvemapato ese ane chekuita zvachengetedzwa uye kuti kuvharirwa kunoitwa nenzira yakanaka uye yakajeka.

6.3 Kugoverwa pakati pevakweretesi

Kana zvinhu zvese zvatengeswa uye mari yacho yave kuzivikanwa, kugoverwa pakati pevakweretesi kunoitika. Iye anogamuchira anoshandisa iyo yemutemo kurongeka kwekutanga sezvakarongwa muBankruptcy Act. Vanoda zvikwereti, sevashandi vane zvikwereti zvemihoro, vanotanga vabhadharwa. Zvino chijana chevamwe vakweretesi, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo. Mutariri anovimbisa kuti mukweretesi mumwe nomumwe anogamuchira mugove waanofanirwa nawo, mukati memiganhu yemari iripo. Iyi nzira inoitwa nemazvo, kuitira kuti vese vanokwereta vanobatanidzwa vajekese nezve muripo wavo wekupedzisira.

7. Mhosva uye Njodzi dzeVazvinabhizinesi uye Vatungamiriri

7.1 Mhosva yako pachako

Vanamuzvinabhizinesi nevatungamiriri vanopinda munjodzi yekuva nemhosva yezvikwereti zvekambani yavo, kunyanya kana paine kusafambisa zvakanaka kana kutadza kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, dare rinogona kutonga kuti mutungamiriri anofanira kubhadhara (chikamu che) chikwereti kubva kune pfuma yavo, semuenzaniso kana zvichiita sekuti vakaita zvisizvo kana kuti vakakundikana kuisa kubhuroka panguva yakakodzera. Saka zvakakosha zvikuru kuti vatungamiri vanyatsotevedzera mutemo uye kutsvaga mazano epamutemo pakarepo kubva kune gweta renyanzvi kana pakaitika matambudziko emari. Nekuita nenguva uye nekubuda pachena kudare uye kune anogashira, mabhizinesi nevatungamiriri vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekuva nemhosva.

6. Kukanganisa kwakajairika mukubhuroka

Chikanganiso 1: Kuita zvinhu zvanonoka kana paine matambudziko emari. Varidzi vemabhizinesi vazhinji vanomirira kwenguva yakareba vasati vatsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvikwereti zvinoramba zvichiwedzera uye dzimwe nzira dzakadai seWHOA kana kumiswa kwekubhadhara kunonyangarika.

Chikanganiso chechipiri: Kusakwana kwemagwaro nekugadzirira Chikumbiro chekubhuroka chisina ruzivo rwakakwana rwemari chinowanzorambwa kana kunonotswa. Izvi zvinotora nguva nemari.

Chikanganiso 3: Kusateerera dzimwe nzira dzakadai seWHOA kana kumiswa kwekubhadhara Maitiro aya anowanzova nemigumisiro iri nani pane kubhuroka, asi anoda matanho nenguva uye kazhinji mamiriro emari ari nani.

Chikanganiso chechina: Kuongororwa zvisirizvo kwemhosva yemunhu Vatungamiriri vanowanzo funga kuti vanodzivirirwa nehurongwa hwekambani yakaganhurirwa yega, asi kana paine kusashanda zvakanaka kana vimbiso yemunhu, mhosva inogona kuramba ichishanda.

Zano Renyanzvi: Paunotanga kuona matambudziko emari, tsvaga gweta rine hunyanzvi. Kutsvaga mazano emutemo pakutanga kunogona kudzivirira matambudziko akawanda uye kazhinji kunogona kuderedza mari.

7. Muenzaniso unoshanda: Kubhuroka kweSME

Nyaya Yenyaya: "Maitiro akaita Restaurant De Goudse Leeuw kutanga patsva mushure mekubhuroka"

Mamiriro ekutanga: Resitorendi De Goudse Leeuw akange aunganidza €180,000 muchikwereti, zvakanyanya nekuda kwe:

• € 65,000 muzvikwereti zverendi
• € 45,000 muzvikwereti zvemitero (VAT uye mutero wekubhadhara)
• € 40,000 muzvikwereti kune vatengesi
• € 30,000 mukubhadhara muhoro wevashandi 6

Nekuda kwedenda rekoronavirus, mutengo wakaderera ne70%, nepo mitengo yakatarwa ichiramba ichikwira.

Matanho akatorwa:

1. Mwedzi 1: Muridzi/director mafaira ekubhuroka
2. Mwedzi 2: Receiver anotora hesita ye bankrupt estate (€45,000 mune inventory)
3. Mwedzi 3: Kutengeswa kwezvinyorwa uye kufarirwa kune mutsva muzvinabhizimusi
4. Mwedzi 4: WHOA maitiro akatanga pasi pemuridzi mutsva
5. Mwedzi 6: Tangazve pasi pezita rekuti 'Brasserie De Goudse Leeuw'

Mhedzisiro

• 4 pavashandi 6 vakachengeta mabasa avo
• Muridzi mutsva akatora cafe chikamu che35,000 €
• Vakweretesi vakagamuchira avhareji ye12% yezvavakakumbira
• Aimbove muridzi akakwanisa kutanga bhizinesi idzva mushure memakore maviri

Pamberi / Mushure mekuenzanisa:

8. Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve kubhuroka

Mubvunzo 1: Ndingatanga bhizinesi idzva here mushure mekubhuroka? Mubvunzo 1: Ehe, kubhuroka hazvirevi kuguma kwebasa rako rekuzvitanga. Mushure mezvo, unogona kutanga bhizinesi idzva, kunze kwekunge watove nemhosva yezvimwe zvikwereti.

Mubvunzo wechipiri: Nyaya dzekubhuroka dzinotora nguva yakareba sei paavhareji? Mubvunzo wechipiri: Kubhuroka kwakawanda kunotora pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu nemakore maviri, zvichienderana nekuoma kwenyaya yekubhuroka. Nyaya dziri nyore dzinogona kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.

Mubvunzo wechitatu: Ini pachangu ndine mhosva here pazvikwereti zvekambani yangu yega? Mubvunzo wechitatu: Kazhinji handizvo, kunze kwekunge wapa vimbiso yako pachako kana kuti pave nekusashanda zvakanaka kwemari. Kana zvakadaro, dare rinogona kukutora semhosva.

Mubvunzo wechina: Chii chinoitika kuvashandi vangu kana vakabhuroka? A4: Zvibvumirano zvebasa zvinopera zvoga pazuva rekubhuroka. Vashandi vane kodzero yekubhadhara mihoro yavo isina kubhadharwa kuburikidza neUWV uye vanogona kushanda pamwe chete mukutangazve kwebhizinesi.

Mubvunzo 5: Ndingakwanisa here kubvisa chikumbiro changu chekubhuroka? A5: Ehe, unogona kubvisa chikumbiro chako kusvika dare rapa mutongo waro. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kana ukawana imwe mhinduro.

Mubvunzo 6: Marii inotorwa kubva pakubhuroka? A6: Mari yacho inosanganisira mari yedare (€154), mari yegweta (€3,000-€10,000) uye mari yemutariri (inobhadharwa kubva kunhaka yakabhuroka). Mari yese inosvika €4,000-€15,000.

9. Mhedziso: Pfungwa Dzakakosha Nezvekubhuroka

Kubhuroka kazhinji inzira yekupedzisira - matanho ekudzivirira akadai semaitiro eWHOA kana kumiswa kwekubhadhara kunowanzo kupa mhedzisiro iri nani kune vese vanobatanidzwa. Zvakakosha kutsvaga mazano enyanzvi pakutanga kwezviratidzo zvematambudziko emari.

Kukurumidza kutora matanho uye mazano ehunyanzvi zvinogona kudzivirira matambudziko mazhinji. Varidzi vemabhizinesi vanoita zvinhu nenguva vane sarudzo dzakawanda uye vanowanzo kwanisa kutangazve basa izvo zvinochengetedza mabasa uye kukosha kwebhizinesi.

Kubhuroka hazvirevi kuti basa rako rekuzvitanga mabhizinesi rapera. Nekutungamirirwa kwakanaka uye nzira chaiyo, vazhinji vemabhizinesi vanogona kubudirira zvakare mushure mekubhuroka. Mutemo weDutch une chinangwa chekupa mabhizinesi mukana wechipiri.

Vakweretesi vane kodzero dzakatarwa uye vanogona kukumbira kubhuroka kana munhu ane chikwereti asingachakwanisi kuita zvavanofanira kuita. Zvakakosha kuziva kodzero idzi uye kutora matanho nenguva.

Kuziva kodzero dzako nezvaunotarisirwa kuita kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzakakodzera munguva dzakaoma dzemari. Ungave uri muzvinabhizinesi, mukweretesi kana mushandi, nzwisisa zvinoreva kubhuroka mumamiriro ako ezvinhu.

Danho rinotevera: Bata gweta rine hunyanzvi kana mupi wezano wekushaya mari kuti akupe mazano ehupenyu hwako. Kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza kunopa sarudzo dzakawanda pane kumirira kusvika matambudziko asagadzirisika.