MuNetherlands, vabereki vese vanofanira kubhadhara mari yekuchengeta mwana kusvika mwana asvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe, uye aimbova mukadzi kana murume/mukadzi akanyoreswa asingakwanise kuzviriritira anogona kukumbira mari yekuchengeta murume/mukadzi, kazhinji kwemakore mashanu chete. Mari yacho inongoenderana nezvinodiwa nemunhu ane kodzero uye kugona kwemumwe munhu kubhadhara; ndiani akakonzera kuparadzana haana basa nazvo.
Mitemo iyi iri muBhuku 1 reDutch Civil Code (BW) uye inoshandiswa nematare emhuri. Pazasi tinotsanangura marudzi maviri emari yekuchengeta mwana ( alimentatie ), kuti mari yacho inoverengwa sei, kuti mari yekuchengeta mwana wekuroorana naye inotora nguva yakareba sei pasi pemitemo iri kushanda kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020, kana chibvumirano chingachinjwa, uye zvaunogona kuita kana muripo ukamiswa. Tinobatawo nemamiriro ezvinhu anoyambuka muganhu.
Ndeapi marudzi maviri ealmony aripo?
Mutemo weDutch unosiyanisa mari yekuchengeta mwana ( kinderalimentatie ) nemari yekuchengeta wekuroorana naye ( partneralalimentatie ). Zvese zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye kugona kubhadhara, asi zvine hwaro hwepamutemo hwakasiyana, maverengero uye nguva.
Dare rinowanzo sarudza zvese zviri zviviri mumatare ekurambana akafanana, ndosaka zvichiwanzo vhiringika. Pamutemo, izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye chimwe chinogona kuvapo pasina chimwe. Mari yekuchengeta muwanano inotsigira waimbova mudiwa; mari yekuchengeta mwana inobhadhara mari yevana.
| Kuchengeta mwana | Kuchengetwa kwevakaroorana | |
|---|---|---|
| Chikwereti chakapihwa na | Vabereki vese, uye mune dzimwe nguva mubereki wekurera | Murume/mukadzi wekare kana kuti mukadzi akanyoreswa |
| Nheyo dzepamutemo | Zvinyorwa 1:392, 1:395, 1:395a uye 1:404 BW | Zvinyorwa 1:157 na1:158 BW |
| chinguva | Kusvika mwana asvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe | Kazhinji, makore mashanu chete |
| Zvinoenderana newanano here? | Kwete, zvinotevera kubva pakuva mubereki | Ehe, chete mushure mekuroorana kana kunyoreswa kwehukama hwepedyo |
| Mutero wemari | Hazvibvisirwe mari | Mari inobvisirwa munhu anobhadhara, inobvisirwa mutero kune anogamuchira |
Pane chinhu chimwe chinoshamisa vanhu vazhinji vasina kuroorana: hapana mari yekuchengeta vakaroorana mushure mekugarisana. Kana makagara pamwe chete musina kuroorana kana kunyoresa hukama hwepedyo, hapana mumwe wenyu anogona kukumbira mari yekuchengeta imi, zvisinei nekuti hukama hwacho hwakagara kwenguva yakareba sei, kunze kwekunge makabvumirana neimwe nzira muchibvumirano chekugarisana. Kusiyana neizvi, mari yekuchengeta mwana inobhadharwa pasinei nekuti vabereki vakamboroorana here kana kuti kwete.
Ndiani anofanira kubhadhara mari yekuchengeta mwana?
Vabereki vese vanofanira kupa mari yekuchengeta nekurera vana vavo vadiki, zvichienderana nekwavanowana (Chinyorwa 1:404 BW). Mutoro uyu unobva pakuva mubereki, kwete paukama huripo pakati pevabereki.
Mutoro uyu hauperi nekuti mubereki mumwe chete haawanzoona mwana. Kune vechidiki vane makore 18 kusvika 21, zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi pasi peChinyorwa 1:395a BW semupiro wemari yekugara nekudzidza. Pazera iroro, wechidiki anogona kutora mupiro uyu muzita rake.
Mubereki wekurera akaroora kana kuti akanyoreswa pamwe chete nemubereki anogonawo kuva nemhosva pasi peChinyorwa 1:395 BW, kana mwana ari wemhuri yavo yavanogovana. Chisungo ichocho chinongogara kwenguva yakareba semuchato kana hukama.
Mari yekuchengetedza mwana inoverengwa sei?
Matare anoshandisa gwara reExpert Group on Maintenance Standards (Expertgroep Alimentatienormen), rinoburitswa gore rega rega uye rinozivikanwa seTrema standards. Kuverenga uku kune matanho matatu.
- Zvinodiwa nemwana. Pokutangira mari yemhuri isati yaparadzana, inoshandurwa kuita mari yemwedzi wega wega yemwana uchishandisa matafura akavakirwa panhamba kubva kuNational Budget Institute Nibud. Nheyo yacho ndeyekuti mwana haafanire kutakura migumisiro yemari yekuparadzana.
- Kukwanisa kwemubereki wega wega kubhadhara. Mari inowanikwa nemubereki wega wega inoderedzwa nemari yaanobhadhara pakurarama, uye chikamu chakasarudzwa chemari yasara chinoverengwa sekukwanisa kwake kubhadhara. Mari yemwana inozogoverwa pakati pevabereki zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwake kubhadhara.
- Kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekuchengeta. Mubereki asingagari nemwana zvakanyanya ndiye anozvibhadharisa mari pamazuva ekuonana. Izvi zvinotariswa kuburikidza nekudzikiswa kwemari yekuchengeta mwana (zorgkorting): chikamu chinobviswa kubva pamupiro wemubereki iyeye, zvichienderana nenhamba yemazuva pavhiki ayo mwana anopedza navo.
Tinotsanangura kuverenga kwacho zvakadzama, nemuenzaniso, mugwara redu rekuverenga mari yekuchengetedza vana muNetherlands.
Kuchengetwa kwemwana kunopera rini?
Pazera remakore makumi maviri nerimwe. Zvinogona kupera nekukurumidza kana mwana akasununguka mune zvemari, uye zvinogona kuwedzerwa kana kuderedzwa panguva ino kana mari yemubereki ikachinja zvakanyanya.
Hazviperi nekuti mubereki anobhadhara anenge arasikirwa nehukama nemwana, uye hukama hutsva hwemumwe wevabereki hahuperiwo. Zvisinei, mari yemumwe wevakaroorana naye itsva inogona kukanganisa zvisina kunanga kuverengwa kwekukwanisa kubhadhara.
Une kodzero yekuchengeta mudzimai/murume riini?
Kana usina mari yakakwana yekuzviriritira uye usingatarisirwi kuiwana, uye wawaimbova naye achikwanisa kubhadhara (Chinyorwa 1:157 BW). Kana chimwe chezviviri zvacho chisipo, hapana mari yekuchengeta mumwe wako inofanira kubhadharwa.
Mitemo imwecheteyo inoshanda kana kubatana kwakanyoreswa kwapera. Mapoka eAnglo-America akadai semari yekubatsira kwenguva pfupi, yekuvandudza kana yekugara asina kuwanikwa mumutemo weDutch.
Kushaya kunoongororwa zvichienderana nemararamiro emuwanano, kwete zvichienderana nemari shoma yekurarama nayo. Murume kana mukadzi akashanda kwenguva yakati rebei kwemakore kuitira kuti mumwe wake akwanise kuvaka basa haatarisirwi kuti azvibatsire neusiku humwe chete. Zvisinei, dare rinotarisira kushanda nesimba. Munhu aimboshanda naye anogona kushanda asi asingashande anogona kuongororwa zvichienderana nemari yaanogona kuwana kwete mari yaanowana chaizvo.
Mari yekuchengetedza murume/mukadzi inoverengwa sei?
Matare anowanzo tanga nemutemo wekuti: zvinodiwa newaimbova mudiwa zvinoiswa pa60 muzana yemari inowanikwa nemhuri panguva yekuroorana, mushure mekubvisa mari yevana. Mari iyoyo inozoongororwa zvichienderana nemari yemunyoreri uye kugona kwemubhadhari kubhadhara.
Kukwanisa kwemubhadhari kubhadhara kunoverengwa mushure mekunge mari yekuchengeta mwana yaongororwa, nekuti mari yekuchengeta mwana inogara ichikosha kupfuura mari yekuchengeta wekuroorana naye. Kuongorora kwekupedzisira, kuenzanisa mari inowanikwa ( jusvergelijking ), kunoenzanisa zvakasara nemumwe nemumwe wevaimbova mudzimai wake. Mari yekuchengeta wekuroorana naye haifanirwe kusiya mugamuchiri ari nani pane anobhadhara. Kana kuverenga kwacho kukaunza mhedzisiro iyoyo, mari yacho inoderedzwa.
Kuchengetwa kwemurume nemukadzi kunogara kwenguva yakareba sei?
Pakurambana kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020, mutemo mukuru ndewehafu yenguva yemuchato, nemakore mashanu chete. Izvi zvinotevera kubva kuMutemo wePartner Maintenance Reform (Wet herziening partneralalimentatie).
Pane zvimwe zvisingabatanidzwi zvinowedzera nguva yacho. Kana zvichishandiswa zvinopfuura chimwe chete, nguva yakareba ndiyo inoshanda.
- Vana vadiki. Kana muine mwana pamwe chete ari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri, kuchengetedza murume nemukadzi kunoenderera mberi kusvika mwana mudiki asvitsa makore gumi nemaviri.
- Muchato wakareba wava pedyo nekurega basa. Kana muchato kana hukama hwakanyoreswa hwakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu uye mugamuchiri achizosvika zera repensheni yenyika (AOW) mukati memakore gumi, kuchengetedza kunoramba kuripo kusvika pazera iroro.
- Muchato wakareba, mugamuchiri akazvarwa musi wa1 Ndira 1970 kana kuti usati wasvika. Kana muchato wacho wakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu uye mugamuchiri wacho achizosvika makore emudyandigere ehurumende anopfuura makore gumi mushure mekunge Mutemo watanga kushanda, nguva yacho imakore gumi. Mutemo uyu wekuchinja unopera makore manomwe mushure mekunge Mutemo watanga kushanda, musi wa1 Ndira 2027. Kana nyaya yako ingangove pasi payo, ongorora chinzvimbo chako usati wasvika ipapo.
Izwi iri rinogona kuwedzerwa here?
Ehe, asi chete munyaya dzinoshamisa. Dare rinogona kutara nguva yakareba kana kugumisa mari yekuchengeta pazuva rakajairika kwaizova kwakanyanya zvekuti muripo wekuramba uchienderera mberi haugone kurambidzwa kumunhu anogamuchira (Chinyorwa 1:157 BW).
Mamiriro ezvinhu apo kuwedzerwa kwenguva kunogona kupihwa anosanganisira matambudziko makuru emari, hutano husina kunaka, kana zera rekuti kudzokera kubasa hakugoneki. Chikumbiro chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memwedzi mitatu mushure mekunge nguva yepamutemo yapera. Mushure meizvozvo, kodzero yacho inorasika.
Ko kana wakarambana usati wasvika 1 Ndira 2020?
Mitemo mitsva haishande kare. Kana mari yekuchengeta muwanano yakagadzwa kana kubvumwa musi wa1 Ndira 2020 usati wasvika, mitemo yekare inoramba ichishanda.
Pasi pemitemo yekare, nguva yepamusoro imakore gumi nemaviri. Pamuchato wemakore asingapfuuri mashanu usina vana, nguva yacho yakaenzana nehurefu hwemuchato. Marongero akaitwa pamberi pa1 Chikunguru 1994 anowira pasi pemitemo yekare. Kana wava kusvika pakupera kwenguva yemakore gumi nemaviri, tsvaga mazano nekukurumidza, nekuti chikumbiro chekuwedzera nguva yemuchato chinoenderana nenguva yakatarwa.
Munogona here kusabvisa mari yekuchengeta mumwe kana murume muchibvumirano chepamberi pewanano?
Kazhinji, hapana. Pasi peChinyorwa 1:158 BW, vakaroorana vanogona kuita zvibvumirano zvinosunga nezvekuchengetwa kwemurume nemukadzi vasati varambana kana kuti pakurambana, uye matare haagamuchire kusunungurwa kwakaitwa muchibvumirano chepamberi pewanano ( huwelijkse voorwaarden ) chisina kuitwa nepfungwa yekurambana.
Chibvumirano chepamberi pewanano chinoona kuti midziyo inogovaniswa sei, uye kugovaniswa ikoko kunokanganisa kuverenga zvinodiwa uye kugona kubhadhara. Zvisinei, hachigone kungodzima chisungo chekuchengetedza pachine nguva.
Mari yekudya inowedzera gore rega rega here?
Ehe. Mari yerubatsiro inogadziriswa nemutemo musi wa1 Ndira gore rega rega (Chinyorwa 1:402a BW), nechikamu chinotarwa gore rega rega neGurukota rezvemitemo nekuchengetedzwa zvichibva pakukura kwemihoro. Chikamu chazvino chinoburitswa pawebhusaiti yehurumende.
Kuwedzera kwacho kunoitika otomatiki: kunoshanda kunyangwe murayiro wedare wataura nezvazvo kana kwete uye kana bato rimwe nerimwe rikaita chimwe chinhu. Nzira chete yekudzivisa izvi ndeyekubvisa indexing zvakananga muchibvumirano chekuchengetedza. Muchokwadi, chikamu chikuru chemari yechikwereti chinosanganisira indexing isina kumbobhadharwa.
Mari yealimony inobhadhariswa sei mutero?
Mari yekubhadhara yemuwanano inobvisirwa kune anobhadhara uye inobvisirwa mutero semari inowanikwa kune anogamuchira, zvese zviri mubhokisi 1 refomu remutero wemari. Mari yekuchengetedza mwana haibvisirwe.
Mari inobviswa nemunhu anobhadhara inongogumira pamutengo wemutero wekutanga, saka kune vanowana mari yakawanda, muripo wemutero wakaderera pane mwero wavo wepamusoro. Kune vanowana mari, mari yekuchengetedza murume/mukadzi imutero unobhadharwa, zvinoreva kuti mari yese inobhadharwa yakaderera pane mari yese iri mudare. Mari yese inotenga mari yekuchengetedza murume/mukadzi inobatwa nenzira imwecheteyo mugore rainobhadharwa, uye inogona kusundidzira mugamuchiri muchikamu chepamusoro. Mari inobviswa yevana yakabviswa musi wa1 Ndira 2015. Kuti uwane chinzvimbo chako chemutero, bvunza mupi wezano wemitero.
Unogona kuchinja kana kugumisa mari yealimony here?
Ehe, kana mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvekuti mari yacho haichasviki pamitemo yepamutemo, kana kuti kana urongwa hwacho hwakavakirwa paruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana (Chinyorwa 1:401 BW). Mienzaniso ndeyekudzoserwa kwemari, basa idzva, kurwara, mwana anotamira kune mumwe mubereki kana kuberekwa kwemumwe mwana.
Kuchinja hakungoitiki otomatiki. Unoda sarudzo yedare kana zvibvumirano zvitsva zvakanyorwa nemumwe munhu. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, mari iripo inoramba ichibhadharwa.
Chii chinonzi non-variation clause?
Vakaroorana vekare vanogona kubvumirana mukurambana kuti huwandu hwemari yekuchengeta muwanano hahugone kuchinjwa (Chinyorwa 1:159 BW). Chirevo chakadaro chinosunga, uye chinowanzo konzera kuzvidemba gare gare.
Dare rinogona kudzima chikamu ichi chete kana mamiriro ezvinhu achinja zvakanyanya zvekuti kubata mumwe munhu aripo kwaizopesana nekunzwisisa uye kururamisira (Chinyorwa 1:159(3) BW). Muganho iwoyo wakakwira, uye kudzikira kwemari yakajairika hakukwani. Chikamu chisina shanduko hachigone kubvumirana chekuchengeta mwana.
Kuchengetwa kwemurume nemukadzi kunopera otomatiki riini?
Kana mugamuchiri akaroorazve, akapinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa, kana kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge vakaroora kana kuti vari muhukama hwakanyoreswa (Chinyorwa 1:160 BW). Kodzero yacho inobva yapera zvachose uye haimutsiridzizve kana hukama hutsva hwapera.
Kugara pamwe chete ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya kukakavadzana. Mutemo wenyaya iyi unoda hukama hunogara kwenguva refu, mhuri imwe chete uye kutarisirwa kwese kwese. Mari yekuchengeta mumwe nemumwe inoperawo kana mumwe wevaimbova murume/mukadzi afa, kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chekurambana chichipa zvimwe zvakasiyana.
Ungaitei kana mari yerubatsiro isina kubhadharwa?
Murairo wedare wemari yerubatsiro unogona kusimbiswa zvakananga. Kana muripo ukamira, muchengeti wemari anogona kutora mihoro, account yebhangi kana zvimwe zvinhu pasina matanho matsva edare.
Unogona zvakare kukumbira National Maintenance Collection Agency ( Landelijk Bureau Inning Onderhoudsbijdragen , LBIO) kuti itore mari yekuchengeta mwana kana murume/mukadzi panzvimbo yako. Izvi hazvibhadharwi kune anogamuchira, zvichienderana nemamiriro eLBIO ekutora nyaya, senge kuti chikwereti chingave chemakore mangani. Tarisa mamiriro iwayo nekukurumidza, nekuti kumirira kwenguva yakareba kunogona kuderedza izvo LBIO inogona kukutorera.
Kana ukabhadhara uye mari yako yaderera zvechokwadi, kumbira dare kuti richinje mari iri pasi peChinyorwa 1:401 BW pane kungobhadhara mari shoma. Kuderedza mari yaunobhadhara wega hakuderedzi chikwereti; zvinongowedzera chikwereti chisina kubhadharwa, pamwe nemubereko.
Ko kana mari yemende ikayambuka muganhu?
Kutamira kunze kwenyika hakugumisi chisungo chemari yerubatsiro. MuEU, Mutemo wekuchengetedza (Regulation (EC) Nhamba 4/2009) unodzora dare ripi rine simba uye kuti zvisarudzo zvinocherechedzwa sei uye zvinotevedzerwa sei.
Semutemo, Mutemo unobvumidza munhu ane kodzero yekuwana mari yekuchengeta kuti atange nyaya munyika yaanogara. Sarudzo inobva kune imwe nyika iri nhengo inogona kusimbiswa mune imwe pasina nzira yepakati. Mutemo unoshanda unotevera kubva ku2007 Hague Protocol, iyo inonyanya kutaura nezvemutemo wenyika iyo munhu ane kodzero yekuwana mari yekuchengeta anogara.
Mumhuri yepasi rose, tanga waona kuti dare ripi rine simba uye mutemo upi unoshanda. Mibvunzo miviri iyoyo inowanzo kanganisa huwandu hwemari kupfuura chero kuverenga kupi zvako. Gwaro redu rekurambana muNetherlands rinotsanangura maitiro akafara ayo chisarudzo chemari yekuchengeta mwana chinoumba chikamu.
Muchidimbu
- Zvekuchengeta mwana zvinofanirwa kuitwa nevabereki vese kusvika mwana asvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe, zvisinei nekuti vakaroora here kana kuti kwete.
- Mari yekuchengeta muwanano inongowanikwa chete mushure mekuroorana kana kubatana kwakanyoreswa uye zvinoenderana nekuda uye kugona kubhadhara.
- Kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2020, kuchengetedza kwemurume nemukadzi kunowanzo tora hafu yenguva yemuchato, nemakore mashanu chete, zvichienderana nezvisizvo.
- Mari dzinonyorwa gore rega rega, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kururamisa mari itsva nekubvumirana kana dare redzimhosva.
- Kana mari ikamiswa, muchengeti wemari kana LBIO vanogona kutora mari yasara.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve alimony
Kubhadhara mari yemende kunoshanda sei muNetherlands?
Mari yekuchengeta mwana inobva pakushaiwa uye kugona kwake kubhadhara, kwete pakukanganisa. Dare rinoona zvinodiwa nemwana kana waaimbove mudiwa wake uye zvinogona kutengwa neanobhadhara, uye rinoona mari yaanobhadhara pamwedzi. Mari yekuchengeta mwana inoenderera kusvika mwana asvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe; mari yekuchengeta murume/mukadzi inowanzo gara hafu yenguva yemuchato, uye inosvika makore mashanu.
Ndine kodzero yekuwana mari yekuchengeta murume/mukadzi here?
Chete kana makaroora kana kuti muri muhukama hwakanyoreswa, uye chete kana musingakwanise kuzviriritira nemari yenyu uye musingatarisirwi kuita izvozvo. Hapana kodzero yekuve nemurume kana mukadzi mushure mekugara musina kuroorana, kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chekugara musina kuroorana chichibvumidza izvozvo.
Ko mari yemende inogona kutengwa nemari yakawanda here?
Mari yekuchengeta mwana inogona kubhadharwa nemari yese kana vaviri vachibvumirana. Izvi zvinogumisa mari inobhadharwa pamwedzi, asi zvine mutero wemari kune vese vari vaviri mugore rekubhadhara, saka tanga waverenga mhedzisiro yacho. Mari yekuchengeta mwana haigone kubviswa nenzira iyi.
Ko mari yemende inomira here kana wandaimbodanana naye ava neukama hutsva?
Mari yekuchengeta muwanano inopera nemutemo kana wawaimbove mudiwa wako akaroorazve, akapinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa kana kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge akaroora. Hukama husingasvike pazvinodiwa izvozvo hahugumisi chisungo, kunyangwe chingave chakakosha muchikumbiro chekuchinja mari yacho. Mari yekuchengeta mwana haikanganisike.
Dare rinogona kuchinja mari yatakabvumirana pachedu here?
Ehe. Chibvumirano pamusoro pemari yekuchengeta mwana chinogona kuchinjwa pasi pemitemo yakafanana nemutemo wedare, kunze kwekunge mabvumirana zviri pamutemo chikamu chisingachinji chemari yekuchengeta murume nemukadzi. Pamari yekuchengeta mwana, chikamu chakadaro hachigoneki.
Mazano kubva kumagweta edu emhuri
Zvisarudzo zvemari yemubhadharo zvinogara kwemakore uye zvakaoma kuzvishandura, kunyanya kana paine mutemo wekuti mari yemubhadharo isashande. Magweta emhuri emhuri ye Law & More kupa mazano nekutonga nyaya dzemari yekuchengeta mwana nemurume/mukadzi, kusanganisira nyaya dzepasi rose, kubva kumahofisi edu mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam. Unogona ronga musangano wekugamuchira vaenzi kana kuverenga zvakawanda nezvedu tsika yemutemo wemhuri.
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