Mari yerubatsiro - rubatsiro rwemari muDutch - rubatsiro rwemari runowanikwa nenhengo yemhuri imwe chete kana hukama hwapera. MuNetherlands mitemo iyi yakanyorwa muBhuku 1 reDutch Civil Code ( Burgerlijk Wetboek ) uye inoshandiswa nematare emhuri pamibvunzo miviri chete: chii chinoda munhu ane kodzero yerubatsiro, uye chii chinogona kubhadharwa nemumwe munhu? Mhosva haina chekuita nayo. Ndiani akasiya ani, uye nei, mune dzimwe nyaya dzinenge dzisina basa nemugumisiro.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mashandiro anoita mari yerubatsiro muNetherlands muna 2026: mafomu maviri anoshandiswa, kuti mari imwe neimwe inoverengwa sei, kuti nguva yekuchengetedza inopera kwenguva yakareba sei pasi pemitemo yakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2020, apo gadziriro iripo inogona kuchinjwa, uye chii chingaitwe kana muripo wamira. Rakanyorwa kune chero munhu ari kutarisana nekurambana muNetherlands, kusanganisira nyika dzepasi rose dzine mamiriro emhuri asingawirirane.
Mhando mbiri dzeanrimu pasi pemutemo weDutch
Mutemo weDutch unosiyanisa mari yekuchengeta mwana kana kuti mari yekuchengeta mwana ( kinderalimentatie ) nemari yekuchengeta mwana, inonziwo mari yekuchengeta mumwe kana mari yekutsigira mumwe ( partneralalimentatie ). Zvese zviri pamatanho maviri akafanana - zvinodiwa uye kugona kwemari - asi zvine hwaro hwakasiyana hwemutemo, nzira dzakasiyana dzekuverenga uye nguva dzakasiyana kwazvo. Mukuita, dare rinowanzo sarudza zvese mumatanho akafanana ekurambana, ndosaka zvichiwanzo vhiringidzwa. Pamutemo, izvi zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, uye chimwe chinogona kuvapo pasina chimwe: mari yekuchengeta mwana wekare yakasiyana nemari yekuchengeta mwana, iyo yakagadzirirwa mari yevana.
| Kuchengeta mwana | Mari yekubatsira vakaroorana | |
|---|---|---|
| Chikwereti chakapihwa na | Vabereki vese, uye mune dzimwe nguva mubereki wekurera | Murume/mukadzi wekare kana kuti mukadzi akanyoreswa |
| Nheyo dzepamutemo | Zvinyorwa 1:392, 1:395, 1:395a uye 1:404 Mutemo weVanhu | Zvinyorwa 1:157 na 1:158 Mutemo weVanhu |
| Nguva yekugadzirisa | Kusvika mwana asvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe | Semutemo, makore mashanu chete |
| Zvinoenderana newanano here? | Kwete - zvinotevera kuva mubereki, kwete hukama | Ehe - chete mushure mekuroorana kana kunyoresa hukama hwepedyo |
| Mutero wemari | Hazvibvisirwe mari | Mari inobvisirwa munhu anobhadhara, inobvisirwa mutero kune anogamuchira |
Pane imwe pfungwa inoshamisa vanhu vasina kuroorana: hapana mari yekuchengeta vana mushure mekugarisana. Kana makagara pamwe chete musina kuroorana uye musina kupinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa, hapana mumwe wenyu anogona kukumbira rutsigiro rwenyu, zvisinei nekuti hukama hwacho hwakagara kwenguva yakareba sei, kunze kwekunge mabvumirana neimwe nzira muchibvumirano chekugarisana. Kusiyana neizvi, mari yekuchengeta mwana inobhadharwa zvisinei nekuti vabereki vakamboroorana here kana kuti kwete.
Kuchengetwa kwemwana: rutsigiro rwemwana muNetherlands
Ndiani ane chisungo chepamutemo chekubhadhara
Pasi peChikamu 1:404 cheMutemo weVanhu, vabereki vese vanofanira kupa, zvichienderana nezvavanowana, kumari yekuchengetwa nekurerwa kwevana vavo vadiki. Mutoro wepamutemo unobatanidzwa nekuva mubereki, kwete pahukama huripo pakati pevabereki, uye haudzimiswi nekuti mubereki mumwe chete haaoni mwana zvakanyanya. Kune vana vane makore 18 kusvika 21 mutero unoramba wakasiyana zvishoma pasi peChikamu 1:395a: vabereki vanofanira kubhadhara mari yekurarama nekudzidza nezvezvinhu izvi , uye pazera iroro jaya rinogona kutora mupiro uyu muzita raro. Mubereki wekurera akaroora kana kuti ari muhukama hwakanyoreswa nemubereki, uye ane mhuri yemwana, anogonawo kuva nemhosva pasi peChikamu 1:395 kwenguva yese yemuchato kana hukama ihwohwo.
Kuverenga mari yekuchengetedza mwana
Matare eDutch anoverenga mari yekuchengeta vana zvichienderana negwara reExpert Group on Maintenance Standards, rinoburitswa gore rega rega uye rinozivikanwa seTrema report. Kuverenga uku kunoitika mumatanho matatu.
- Kudiwa kwemwana. Pokutangira mari inowanikwa nemhuri isati yaparadzana, inoshandurwa kuita mari yemwedzi wega wega yemwana uchishandisa tafura dzebhajeti renyika yeNibud. Pfungwa huru ndeyekuti mwana haafanire kutakura migumisiro yemari yekuparadzana.
- Kugona kwemubereki wega wega kuwana mari. Mari inowanikwa nemubereki wega wega inoderedzwa nemari inobhadharwa nemutemo yekurarama nayo; chikamu chakatarwa chezvinosara chinoverengwa sekukwanisa kubhadhara. Mari yemwana inozogoverwa pakati pevabereki zvichienderana nekugona kwavo mari.
- Kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekuchengeta. Mubereki asingagari nemwana ndiye anowanzobhadhara mari panguva yekuonana nemwana. Izvi zvinoonekwa se zorgkorting, chikamu chimwe chete chinobviswa kubva pamupiro wakaverengerwa zvichienderana nekuti mwana ari kutarisirwa nemubereki iyeye mazuva mangani pasvondo.
Taratidza maverengero, kusanganisira matafura nemuenzaniso wakashanda, mugwaro redu rakadzama rekuverenga mari yekuchengetedza vana muNetherlands.
Kana mari yekuchengetedza mwana yapera
Mutoro uyu unopera kana mwana asvika makore makumi maviri nerimwe. Unogona kupera nekukurumidza kana mwana akasununguka mune zvemari asati asvika makore iwayo, uye unogona kuderedzwa kana kuwedzerwa panguva ino kana mari yemubereki mumwe chete ikachinja zvakanyanya. Hazviperi nekuti mubereki anobhadhara anenge arasikirwa nehukama nemwana, uye hazvikanganisike nehukama hutsva hwemubereki mumwe chete - kunyangwe mari yemumwe wevakaroorana naye itsva inogona kukanganisa kuverengwa kwesimba remwana.
Mari yemuroorano: kuchengetedza mudiwa
Kodzero yekuwana mari yekuchengeta vakaroorana inomuka rini?
Chinyorwa 1:157 cheMutemo weVanhu chinobvumira dare kupa mari yekuchengeta murume kana mukadzi aimbova mudzimai wake asina mari yakakwana yekuzviriritira uye asingatarisirwi kuti aiwane. Saka zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kuzadzikiswa panguva imwe chete: munyoreri anofanira kunge aine zvaanoda, uye mumwe munhu anofanira kunge aine mari yekubhadhara mari yekuchengeta. Kana chimwe chezviviri zvacho chisipo, hapana mari yekuchengeta mwana inobhadharwa. Mitemo imwecheteyo inoshanda pakuparadzwa kwemubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa; mapoka eAnglo-America emari yekuchengeta mwana kwenguva pfupi, yekudzorera kana yekugara haana chinhu chinoenderana nemutemo weDutch.
Kushaya kunotongwa nekutarisa mararamiro emuwanano, kwete nekutarisa mari shoma yekurarama nayo. Mumwe wevakaroorana angave akashanda kwenguva yakati rebei kwemakore kuitira kuti mumwe agone kuvaka basa; murume akadaro haatarisirwi kuzviriritira neusiku humwe chete. Saizvozvowo, dare rinotarisira kushanda nesimba: aimbova mudiwa wake anogona kushanda asi asingashande angaona kuti kuda kwake kunoongororwa pamari yaanokwanisa kuwana kwete mari yaanowana chaizvo.
Kuverenga alimony: zvinodiwa uye kugona kubhadhara
Muchokwadi, matare anotanga nemutemo wenyaya dzakagadzirwa mumatare edzimhosva dzekukwirira: kudiwa kwewaimbova mudiwa kunoiswa pamakumi matanhatu muzana yemari yemhuri panguva yemuchato, mushure mekubviswa kwemari yevana. Mari iyoyo inozoongororwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emari emunyoreri uye zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwemubhadhari, izvo zvinoverengerwa mushure mekunge mari yekuchengeta mwana yapihwa - mari yekuchengeta mwana inogara ichikosha kupfuura mari yekuchengeta murume/mukadzi.
Kuongorora kwekupedzisira, jusvergelijking , kunoenzanisa zvinosara nemumwe nemumwe wevakaroorana vekare. Mari yemubhadharo haifanirwe kuisa munhu ari kugamuchira mari panzvimbo iri nani pane ari kubhadhara. Kana kuverenga kwacho kuchizoburitsa mhedzisiro iyoyo, mari yacho inoderedzwa zvinoenderana.
Nguva yakareba sei yekudya kwevakaroorana: nguva yekuchengetedza
Mutemo wePartner Maintenance Reform Act ( Wet herziening partneralalimentatie ) wakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Ndira 2020 uye wakapfupisa nguva yekuchengetedza zvakanyanya. Kune vakarambana kubva pazuva iroro, mutemo mukuru ndewekuti mari yekuchengeta mwana inofanira kugara hafu yenguva yemuchato, nemakore mashanu chete.
Zvitatu zvisingabatanidzwi zvinowedzera nguva iyoyo, uye kana paine zvinopfuura chimwe chete, nguva yakareba ndiyo inotonga:
- Vana vadiki. Kana vaviri vacho vaine mwana asati asvika makore gumi nemaviri pamwe chete, mari yekuchengeta mwana inoramba iripo kusvika mwana mudiki asvitsa makore gumi nemaviri.
- Muchato wakareba wava pedyo nekurega basa. Kana muchato kana hukama hwakanyoreswa hwakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu uye munhu ane kodzero yekuchengeta mwana achizosvika zera remudyandigere weDutch state (AOW) mukati memakore gumi, muripo unoshanda kusvika zera remudyandigere rasvika.
- Muchato wakareba, mugamuchiri akazvarwa musi wa1 Ndira 1970 kana kuti usati wasvika. Kana muchato wacho wakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu uye mugamuchiri wacho achizosvika makore epenjeni yenyika anopfuura gumi kubva zvino, nguva yacho imakore gumi. Uyu mutemo wekuchinja uye unopera muna 2027, saka unongoshanda chete pakurambana kwakaendeswa pamberi penguva iyoyo.
Kuwedzera nguva yekugadzirisa
Nguva yepamutemo haisi yakakwana. Pasi peChikamu 1:157(5) cheMutemo weVanhu, dare rinogona kutara nguva yakareba apo kugumisa kurima pazuva renguva dzose, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, kungave kwakakura zvekuti hakugone kukumbirwa zvakanaka kumunhu ane kodzero yekuriwana. Kutambudzika kukuru kwemari, hutano husina kunaka kana zera rinoita kuti kudzokera kubasa kusashande ndizvo zvinoitika apo kuwedzerwa kwenguva kwakadaro kunobvumidzwa. Chikumbiro chinofanira kuendeswa nguva isati yapera; kana yapera, kodzero yacho inobva yapera.
Kurambana kusati kwasvika 1 Ndira 2020
Mitemo mitsva haina simba rekudzokera shure. Kana mari yemendenenzi yakatemerwa kana kubvumwa musi wa1 Ndira 2020 usati wasvika, mutemo wekare unoramba uchishanda: makore gumi nemaviri, kana, wekuroorana kwemakore mashanu asina vana, nguva yakaenzana nehurefu hwemuchato. Marongero kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 1994 asati asvika anotongwa nemitemo yekare. Munhu wese akarambana pasi pemutemo wemakore gumi nemaviri ari kusvika pakupera kwenguva iyoyo anofanira kubvunzana nenguva, nekuti nguva yekuwedzera inofanira kukumbirwa nguva isati yapera.
Ko mari yemende inogona kubatanidzwa muchibvumirano chepamberi pemuchato here?
Kwete. Pasi peChinyorwa 1:158 cheMutemo weVanhu, vakaroorana vanogona chete kuita zvibvumirano zvinosunga nezvekuchengeta vakaroorana maererano nekurambana pachakwo. Chirevo chiri muchibvumirano chepamberi pewanano ( huwelijkse voorwaarden ) chinotaura kuti havazokwanisi kuchengetedza vakaroorana pachine nguva hachishandiswe. Zvibvumirano zvepamberi pewanano zvinosarudza kuti midziyo inogovaniswa sei, uye kugovaniswa ikoko kunokanganisa kuverenga, asi hazvigone kubvisa chisungo chekuchengetedza.
Indexation: kuwedzera kwegore negore kwealimony
Mari yerubatsiro inogadziriswa nemutemo gore rega rega musi wa1 Ndira. Chinyorwa 1:402a cheCivil Code chinopa kuverengerwa kwemari yemutero pachikamu chakatarwa gore rega rega neGurukota rezvemitemo nekuchengetedzwa kwemari zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kwemihoro. Kuwedzera kwacho kunoitika otomatiki: kunoshanda kunyangwe gwaro rekuchengetedza richizvitaura kana kuti kwete uye kana bato rimwe nerimwe rikaita chimwe chinhu. Nzira chete yekupukunyuka kwacho ndeyekubvisa kuverengerwa kwemari muchibvumirano chekuchengetedza. Muchokwadi, chikamu chikuru chemari yechikwereti hachina chimwe chinhu chinopfuura makore ekurererwa kwemari isina kukumbirwa.
Mari yemubhadharo uye mutero wemari
Mari yemuroorano inobvisirwa kune anobhadhara sechisungo chekuchengetedza mubhokisi 1 remutero wemari, kunyangwe mwero wekubvisirwa mari wakadzikwa mumakore achangopfuura uye ikozvino wava pedyo nemutengo wekutanga. Kune anogamuchira mari inobvisirwa mutero mubhokisi 1, zvinoreva kuti mari yese inogamuchirwa yakaderera zvakanyanya pane huwandu hwese huri mumurairo wedare. Mari yese inobhadharwa inotenga rutsigiro rwemuroorano inobatwa nenzira imwecheteyo mugore rainobhadharwa, uye mari yese inogona kusundidzira anogamuchira muchikamu chepamusoro.
Mari yekuchengetedza mwana haibviswi. Mari yekubhadhara vana yakabviswa kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2015, uye hapana rubatsiro rwemari rwakatsiva mari iyi.
Kuchinja kana kugumisa alimony
Chibvumirano chemari yekuchengeta mwana hachina kurongwa. Pasi peChinyorwa 1:401 cheMutemo weVanhu, gwaro rekuchengetedza mwana kana chibvumirano chinogona kuchinjwa kana kubviswa kana chisisasvike pazvinodiwa nemutemo nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu - kudzingwa basa, basa idzva, kurwara, mwana kutamira kumba, kuberekwa kwemumwe mwana. Chinogonawo kuchinjwa kana chakavakirwa paruzivo rusina kururama kana rusina kukwana. Kuchinja hakusi kwega: kunoda chikumbiro kudare, kana zvibvumirano zvitsva pakati pemapato zvakanyorwa pasi.
Chitsauko chisina kuchinja
Mapato anogona kubvumirana mukurambana kuti mari yacho haizochinjiki, pasi peChikamu 1:159 cheMutemo weVanhu. Chikamu chakadaro chinosunga, uye ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzokonzera kuzvidemba gare gare. Chinogona kungosiyiwa parutivi chete pasi peChikamu 1:159(3), uko kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu kwakanyanya zvekuti kubata mumwe munhu kuchikamu kwaizopesana nezvinodiwa zvine musoro uye zvakarurama. Muganho iwoyo wakakwira, uye kudzikira kwemari inowanikwa hakukwani. Zvakakosha, chikamu chisina kuchinja hachigone kubvumidzwa zvakanaka chekuchengeta mwana.
Kugumisa otomatiki
Mari yekurerwa kwevakaroorana inopera nekushanda kwemutemo pasi peChikamu 1:160 cheMutemo weVanhu kana munhu ane kodzero yekurerwa akaroorazve, akapinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa, kana kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge vakaroora. Chekupedzisira pane izvi chinotongwa zvakanyanya: mutemo wenyaya unoda hukama hwerudo hwechigarire, imba yakagovaniswa, kutarisirwa kwese uye kugara pamwe chete. Kana mutemo uyu washanda, kodzero yacho inobviswa zvachose - haimutsiridzike kana hukama hutsva hwapera. Mari yekurerwa inogumawo kana bato rifa, zvichienderana nechero chikamu chinoitwa mukubvumirana kurambana.
Kana mari yemubhadharo isingabhadharwe
Chikumbiro chekuchengetedza imba chinoshanda. Kana muripo ukamira, muchengeti wemba anogona kubatanidza mihoro, account yebhangi kana zvimwe zvinhu pasina mamwe matanho ekutevera. Kunewo nzira yeruzhinji: National Maintenance Collection Agency ( Landelijk Bureau Inning Onderhoudsbijdragen , LBIO) ichatora mari yekuchengeta mwana neyemukadzi pasina muripo, chero bedzi paine mari yemwedzi mumwe chete isingapfuure mwedzi mitanhatu. LBIO inobhadharisa mari yayo kumunhu ari kubhadhara, izvo zvinoita kuti kusabhadhara kudhure zvakanyanya kupfuura kubhadhara.
Kana kushomeka kuri iko kunokonzerwa nekuderera kwemari inowanikwa, mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekukumbira shanduko pasi peChinyorwa 1:401 pane kungobhadhara mari shoma. Kuderedza muripo nerutivi rumwe chete hakuderedzi chikwereti; kunounganidza zvikwereti zvisingaperi, pamwe nemubereko.
mari yerubatsiro rwemari inobhadharwa nevanoyambuka miganhu
Mari yerubatsiro inowanzo yambuka muganhu: rimwe bato rinotamira kunze kwenyika, kana kuti mhuri yacho yaive yepasi rose kubva pakutanga. MuEuropean Union, kutonga, kuzivikanwa uye kusimbiswa kwesarudzo dzekuchengetedza zvinotongwa neMaintenance Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 4/2009), iyo inowanzo bvumidza mukweretesi kuunza nyaya munyika yaanogara uye inoita kuti sarudzo yakapihwa mune imwe Nhengo yeNyika ishandiswe mune imwe pasina nzira yepakati. Mutemo unoshanda unotemerwa ne2007 Hague Protocol, iyo inonongedzerawo mutemo wenyika inogara munhu ane kodzero yekuwana mari.
Mugumisiro unoshanda ndewekuti kutamira kunze kwenyika hakugumisi chisungo chemari yekuchengeta mwana, uye kuti mumhuri yepasi rose zvakakosha kutanga waziva kuti dare ripi rine simba uye mutemo upi unoshanda. Mibvunzo miviri iyoyo inowanzo sarudza huwandu kupfuura chero kuverenga. Gwaro redu rekurambana muNetherlands rinotsanangura maitiro akafara ayo sarudzo yemari yekuchengeta mwana inoumba chikamu.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve alimony
Kubhadhara mari yemende kunoshanda sei muNetherlands?
Mari yekuchengeta mwana inopihwa zvichienderana nekudiwa uye kugona kwake kubhadhara, kwete semutongo. Dare rinogadza zvinodiwa nemwana kana wekare waaive naye, zvinogona kutengwa neanobhadhara, uye rinogadza mari yemwedzi wega wega. Mari yekuchengeta mwana inoenderera kusvika mwana ava nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe; mari yekuchengeta murume/mukadzi inowanzoitwa kwehafu yenguva yemuchato, nemakore mashanu chete.
Ndine kodzero yekuwana mari yekuchengeta murume/mukadzi here?
Chete kana makaroora kana kuti muri muhukama hwakanyoreswa, uye chete kana musingakwanise kuzviriritira nemari yenyu uye musingatarisirwi kuita izvozvo. Hapana kodzero yekuwana mari yekuchengeta murume kana mukadzi mushure mekugara pamwe chete musina kuroorana, kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chekugara pamwe chete chichibvumidza izvozvo.
Ko mari yemende inogona kutengwa nemari yakawanda here?
Mari yekuchengeta mwana inogona kubhadharwa nemari yakawanda kana mapato ese akabvumirana. Izvi zvinogumisa chisungo chemwedzi wega wega, asi zvine mhedzisiro yakakura yemutero wemari mugore rekubhadhara kwemativi ese uye hazvifanirwe kubvumirana pasina kuverenga mhedzisiro yacho. Mari yekuchengeta mwana haigone kutengwa.
Ko mari yemende inomira here kana waimbova mudiwa wangu ava neukama hutsva?
Mari yekuchengeta mwana wemurume/mukadzi inopera nemutemo kana waimbova mudiwa wako akaroorazve, akapinda muhukama hwakanyoreswa, kana kugara nemumwe munhu sekunge akaroora. Hukama hutsva husingasvike pazvinodiwa izvozvo hahugumisi chisungo, kunyangwe chingave chakakosha kune chikumbiro chekusiyana kwemari. Mari yekuchengeta mwana haikanganisike.
Marii yekurapa anemony?
Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti mari yacho yabvumiranwa here kana kuti yakwikwidzana. Kana mapato asvika pakubvumirana, kuverenga uye kugadzirisa nyaya yekurambana zvinogona kugadziriswa mumaawa mashoma. Nyaya dzinokwikwidzana pamberi pedare remhuri, uye chero nyaya inokwidzwa, inodhura zvakanyanya. Tinopa fungidziro yemari pamusangano wekutanga, kana taziva kuti ndeipi yemamiriro maviri aya inoshanda.
Mazano kubva kumagweta edu ekurambana
Zvisarudzo zvemari yemubhadharo zvinotora makore akawanda uye zvakaoma kuzvishandura, kunyanya kana paine mutemo wekuti hapana shanduko. Kuverenga mari inosvika mazana mashoma emaeuro pamwedzi kunova mari yakawanda mukati menguva yekuchengeta mhuri kwemakore mashanu. Magweta emhuri emhuri Law & More kupa mazano nekutonga nyaya dzekuchengeta vana nedzekuchengeta vakaroorana, kusanganisira nyaya dzepasi rose, uye kushanda kubva kumahofisi edu mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam.
Ungada here kuti mamiriro ako ezvinhu aongororerwe uye aongororwe negweta remhuri? Ronga musangano wekugamuchira vanhu kuhofisi yedu mu Eindhoven or Amsterdam, kana kuverenga zvakawanda nezvedu tsika yemutemo wemhuri.
