Pasi pemutemo weDutch neEuropean, algorithm haigone kuve nemhosva. Mhosva inoda munhu anopara mhosva uyo mutemo unomuziva semunhu, uye art. 51 Sr inowedzera chinzvimbo ichocho kuvanhu vepanyama nevanhu vepamutemo chete. Sisitimu yeAI chinhu, kwete munhu anofungidzirwa. Mubvunzo unokosha mukushanda hausi wekuti algorithm ine mhosva here, asi kuti ndeupi munhu kana kuti ndeipi kambani ine mhosva yezvayakaita.
Mubvunzo iwoyo watova nemhinduro yakanyatsogadzirwa mumutemo wemhosva wekuDutch. Dzidziso dzekushanda (functioneel daderschap) uye mhosva yemhosva yemakambani zvakavakirwa mamiriro ezvinhu aya chaiwo: kukuvara kunokonzerwa nechishandiso, sangano kana maitiro kwete nemaoko emupomerwi. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti dzidziso idzodzo dzinoshanda sei kuAI, kuti EU AI Act iri kuchinja sei mwero wekutarisira, kuti algorithmic output inotorwa sei sehumbowo, uye kuti chirongwa chekudzivirira nekutevera chinofanira kutaridzika sei. Kuti uwane mubvunzo wakakura wekugovera mutoro muketani yekupa yevagadziri, vanopa uye vashandisi, ona chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekuti ndiani ane mhosva kana muchina waita mhosva.
Nei algorithm isingagoni kuva yekufungira
Mhosva pasi pemutemo weDutch inoda chiito chemunhu kana kusaita zvinoenderana netsananguro yemutemo yemhosva, iyo isiri pamutemo, uye inogona kupomerwa mhosva kune muiti wemhosva. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvozvo chinotora mutambi ane chido. Algorithm inogadzira zvinobuda nekushandisa kodhi padata; haina chido chekuumba, hapana chekupomerwa mhosva, uye hapana chinogona kusvika kurangwa kwemhosva. Art. 51 Sr yakagadzira nzvimbo yekambani pamwe chete nemunhu nekuti kambani inoshanda kuburikidza nevanhu; hapana gadziriro yakafanana yesoftware, uye kugadzira imwe kwaizoda kuti dare reparamende rigadzire rudzi rutsva rwemunhu wepamutemo.
Uye hazvizoshandi chero chinangwa chinoonekwa nemutemo wemhosva. Mutongo uripo wekuranga, kudzivirira uye, pazvinogoneka, kugadzirisa. Hapana kana rimwe remabasa iwayo rinogona kuitwa pamuenzaniso. Kubvisa huremu hwenetwork yetsinga kunoranga muridzi wayo, kwete network. Zvese zvinoda kuitwa nemutemo wemhosva kana system yeAI ichikonzera kukuvara zvinofanirwa kuitwa kuburikidza nevanhu nemasangano ari shure kwayo, ndosaka tsika yeDutch isingatore izvi semusiyano mumutemo.
Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kusawirirana pakati pezvinhu zviri mumhosva uye kuti chii chinonzi AI system.
| eremendi | Zvinodiwa nemutemo wemhosva | Nzvimbo yeAI system |
|---|---|---|
| Munhu anokonzera mhirizhonga | Munhu chaiye, kana munhu wepamutemo pasi pemutemo. 51 Sr. | Hapana kana chimwe. Sisitimu iyi chinhu chiri chemumwe munhu uye chinoshandiswa nemumwe munhu. |
| Maitiro | Chiito kana kusaita chimwe chinhu chakakonzerwa nemhosva iyoyo. | Chinhu chinobuda kuburikidza nekodhi. Maitiro anokonzerwa nesarudzo yekuvaka, kuisa kana kuisiya ichishanda. |
| Chinangwa kana kushaya hanya | Opzet, kusanganisira chinangwa chine conditional, kana culpa mupfungwa yekusangwarira kukuru. | Hapana pfungwa zvachose. Chinangwa nekusateerera zviripo, kana zviripo, muvanhu vakazvironga nekutarisira. |
| Chirango | Kusungwa, faindi, mutongo wevanhu vose, kana mutongo wekuti munhu apihwe mhosva. | Hapana chinogona kuiswa pasoftware. Zvirango zvinowira pamushandisi. |
Ndiani ane mhosva pane izvi: kushanda kwemabasa uye hunyanzvi. 51 Sr
Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch une nzira mbiri dzekuti munhu ave nemhosva yezviito zvaasina kuita nemuviri. Dzese dzakagadzirwa kare kare muchina usati wavapo, uye dzese dzinoenderana nenyaya dzeAI pasina shanduko.
Kushanda kwemabasa
Functioneel daderschap inobvumira munhu kuonekwa semuiti wemhosva yakaitwa nemunhu kana chimwe chinhu. Maitiro akarongwa naHoge Raad mumutongo weIJzerdraad anoramba ari muedzo: mupomerwi anofanira kunge aive nesimba rekuona kana mufambiro wacho wakaitika (beschikken), uye anofanira kunge akaugamuchira, kana kuti tsika iyoyo yaigarogamuchirwa (aanvaarden).
Kana ikashandiswa paAI system, chiyero chekutanga chinowanzova chakajeka uye chechipiri ndicho chinosarudza nyaya yacho. Simba rekurasa zvinhu rinoratidzwa nekukwanisa kugadzirisa system, kuisa miganhu yayo yekushanda, kuivandudza kana kuidzidzisazve, uye kupfuura zvese kuidzima. Vashomanana vanogona kutaura kuti havana simba iroro. Kubvuma ndiwo mubvunzo wakaoma, uye ndipo panoenda humbowo: mushandi aiziva chii nezvenzira dzekukundikana kwesystem, zvakashumwa nekuyedza kana nezviitiko zvekare, chii chakataurwa nekuongorora njodzi, uye chii chakaitwa nezvazvo. Kubvuma hakudi chishuwo chemhedzisiro. Zvakakwana kuti mushandi azive kuti ane njodzi yakakura, inova ndiyo standard yechiDutch yechinangwa chemamiriro ezvinhu (voorwaardelijk opzet).
Mutoro wekambani uye hutungamiriri chaihwo
Kana mushandi ari kambani, art. 51 Sr inoshanda. Mhosva iyi inogona kunzi ndeyemunhu wepamutemo apo mufambiro wacho wakaitika munzvimbo yawo, izvo Hoge Raad yakatsanangura kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakataurwa mukutonga kwaDrijfmest: mufambiro wacho wakaitwa nemumwe munhu aishandira kambani, unokodzera mubhizinesi rayo remazuva ese, waibatsira kambani, uye kambani yakakwanisa kuona kana wakaitika uye waigamuchira, kana kuti waigarogamuchira, maitiro akadaro. Sisitimu yeAI inoshandiswa nekambani kuita basa rayo inozadzisa runyorwa rwacho netsananguro.
Art. 51 Sr inobvumirawo kupomerwa mhosva kwevaya vakaraira mhosva iyi neavo vakaipa hutungamiriri chaihwo (feitelijk leidinggeven). Uyu ndiwo mutemo unosvika kuvatungamiriri nevatungamiriri vakuru pachavo. Unoda zvinopfuura nzvimbo pachati yesangano: munhu wacho anofanira kunge aiziva nezvemaitiro akarambidzwa, zvirinani mupfungwa yekugamuchira mukana wakakura wekuti zvaiitika, uye anofanira kunge akakundikana kutora matanho aaikwanisa uye aifanira kutora zvine musoro. Munyaya yeAI, izvozvo zvinoshandura zvakananga kuva humbowo hwekuti ndiani akagamuchira mushumo wekusimbisa modhi, ndiani akasaina kutumirwa, uye ndiani akasarudza kuti rusaruro kana chiyero chekukanganisa chinogamuchirwa.
Mhosva dzekuregeredza dzinoita basa rakawanda
Muchokwadi, kupomerwa mhosva kunosanganisira masisitimu emagetsi kunogona kuvakirwa pakuregeredza pane pachinangwa. Kana mota inotyairwa neAI, muchina kana mudziyo wekurapa zvichikonzera rufu, mhosva yacho iri kukonzera rufu nekuregeredza pasi pechinyorwa. 307 Sr; apo inokonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya, chinyorwa. 308 Sr. Culpa mumutemo wemhosva wechiDutch zvinoreva kushaya hanya kukuru, zvichitongwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandi ane njere ari munzvimbo iyoyo. Ndiyo chaiyo nzvimbo iyo nyaya yeAI icharwirwa, nekuti mwero wekutarisira wekuisa sisitimu yemagetsi uri kunyorwa pasi zvakanyanya: muMutemo weAI, mumutemo wechikamu, mumitemo yehunyanzvi uye mumitemo yemushandi. Kusiya kwakanyorwa kubva pamwero wakagamuchirwa nemushandi pachake humbowo hwakasimba hwekuregeredza kuripo.
Rusarura ndicho chikamu chechipiri chinodzokororwa. Rusarura mubhizinesi kana basa imhosva pasi peWetboek van Strafrecht, uye kune mhando dzese dzemaune nedzekusangwarira. Muenzaniso unorambidza boka rakachengetedzwa nenzira yakarongwa saka hausi dambudziko rekutonga pasi pemutemo wekuchengetedzwa kwedata uye kubatwa zvakaenzana; munyaya yakakomba imhosva. Gwaro redu remitemo yemhosva muNetherlands rinotsanangura kuti nyaya yakadaro ingatanga sei kubva pakuferefetwa kusvika pakutongwa.
Mutemo weAI unogadza mwero wekutarisira, kwete chirango
Mutemo weEU Artificial Intelligence Act ndiwo mutemo wekutonga. Haugadziri mhosva dzemhosva uye hauiti kuti munhu afungirwe. Kukosha kwawo pamhosva dzemhosva hakuna kunanga uye kwakakura: unonyora pasi, mumashoko anosunga, zvinotarisirwa kuitwa nemupi webasa kana mupi weAI system. Kana mwero wekutarisira wanyorwa, kusiyana nawo chiratidzo chekuregeredza, uye kutevedzera iwo chiratidzo chekutarisira.
Mutemo uyu unoronga masisitimu nenjodzi. Mabasa mashoma anorambidzwa zvachose, kusanganisira kuongorora vanhu neveruzhinji, kubvisa mifananidzo yechiso pasina chinangwa kuti pave nedatabase rekuziva, kuziva manzwiro munzvimbo yebasa nemudzidzo, uye, zvichienderana nekusaririra kwakamanikana, kuziva vanhu vari kure munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kuti vatevedzere mutemo. Boka guru rinoiswa muchikamu chenjodzi huru, icho chinofukidza zvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvezvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa uye mashandisirwo akanyorwa muchikamu cheMutemo, pakati pazvo kunyoresa vanhu, kuongorora zvikwereti, uye kunyorera mukuchengetedza mutemo, kutama kwevanhu uye kutonga kweruramisiro. Masisitimu anoshanda nevanhu kana kugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa ane mabasa ekujekesa. Zvimwe zvacho hazvina kudzorwa.
Mupi kana mupi webasa: mabasa ndiwo anosarudza mabasa
Mutemo unogovera mabasa zvichienderana nebasa, uye kukanganisa basa racho ndeimwe yezvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika pakutevedzera mitemo. Mupi webasa anogadzira sisitimu kana kuti anoigadzira oiisa pamusika pasi pezita rayo; mupi webasa anoshandisa sisitimu iri pasi pesimba rake mukuita mabasa ake. Vapi vebasa vanotakura mabasa anorema ekugadzira, vapi vebasa vanotakura mabasa ekushandisa nemazvo, kutarisirwa kwevanhu uye kutarisa. Musungo ndewekuti mupi webasa anova mupi webasa, nemabasa ese anotevera, kana akaisa zita rake pasisitimu, akaichinja zvakanyanya, kana kuchinja chinangwa chayo nenzira inoiisa mukati mezvikamu zvine njodzi huru. Kugadzirisa modhi yakatengwa padata rako pachako, wozoishandisa nechinangwa chisina kumbofungwa nemutengesi, kunogona kufambisa sangano chinyararire. Mukuferefeta kwemhosva musiyano mumwe chete unoonekwazve semubvunzo wekuti ndiani aive nesimba rekubvisa, ndosaka mabasa acho achifanira kunyorwa pasi uye kuratidzwa muchibvumirano.
Chii chinoshanda izvozvi
Nguva yekushanda yachinja, uye zvakakodzera kutaura chokwadi nezvekwairi. Zvinorambidzwa pamaitiro asina kunaka ane njodzi uye chisungo chekuona kuti ruzivo rweAI rwatovepo. Mitemo yemamodeli eAI anoshanda kare. Mabasa ekujekesa zviri pachena eArt. 50, kusanganisira basa rekuratidza pachena kuti zvirimo zvakagadzirwa kana kuti zvinoshandurwa, zvatovepo. Chakamiswa nedhijitari omnibus package ndiyo nzira ine njodzi huru: mabasa emasisitimu akanyorwa muAnnex III zvino anotanga musi wa2 Zvita 2027, uye ayo emasisitimu akafukidzwa neAnnex I musi wa2 Nyamavhuvhu 2028. Pamwe chete, AI Liability Directive yakarongwa yakabviswa, saka mhosva yepamutemo yekukuvadzwa kweAI inoramba iri nyaya yemutemo wenyika, iyo muNetherlands inoreva mitemo yakajairika yemhosva yemhosva uye mutoro wechigadzirwa.
Zvirango zviri pasi peMutemo ndezvekutonga uye zvakatarwa kusvika kumamiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu eeuros kana kuti 7 muzana yehuwandu hwese hwemari inotengeswa pasi rose pagore, chero chipi zvacho chakakwira, kana munhu akaita tsika inorambidzwa, nemitengo yakaderera kune dzimwe mhosva. Kutarisirwa muNetherlands kuri kurongwa kunoenderana nevatongi varipo, neAutoriteit Persoonsgegevens neRijksinspectie Digitale Infrastructuur vari mubasa rekubatanidza. Zvinyorwa zvedu pamusoro petsika dzeAI dzakarambidzwa uye pamusoro pemasisitimu eAI ane njodzi huru pasi peMutemo weAI zvinotsanangura zvisungo zvakadzama, uye ongororo yedu yeMutemo weEU AI inofukidza hurongwa hwacho hwese.
Muchuchisi achaishandisa sei
Funga nezvemunhu anoshandisa chishandiso chekuongorora asingatarise ruzivo rwekudzidziswa kuti rwakarurama here, asina hurongwa hwekutarisira vanhu hunodiwa neMutemo, uye asina magwaro aanoda. Kana chishandiso ichocho chikabatsira mumhedzisiro yemhosva, muchuchisi haafanire kutaura kubva pamisimboti yekutanga nezvekutarisirwa kwaifanira kuitwa. Mabasa ari papeji, kutyorwa kwemutemo kwakanyorwa, uye chinhu chekugamuchirwa kwekuita basa kunobva pachisarudzo chekuisa chero zvakadaro. Zvakapesana ndizvozvowo, uye iyi ndiyo pfungwa inowanzo shaikwa nemabhodhi: kambani inogona kugadzira kuongororwa kwayo kwengozi, mhedzisiro yayo yekusimbisa, protocol yayo yekutarisira uye log yayo yezviitiko yakavaka musimboti wekudzivirira kwayo zvisati zvaitika chero chinhu.
Kuburitswa kweAlgorithmic seuchapupu
Nzira yechipiri iyo AI inopinda nayo mudare redzimhosva haisi yekukuvadza asi senzvimbo yehumbowo. Match ekuzivikanwa kwechiso, automatic number plate recognition, network analysis ye communications data, fraud risk models, voice comparison uye automatic automated triage yedata rakatorwa zvese zvinoburitsa zvinhu izvo mapurisa anoda kuvimba nazvo. Maitiro emhosva ekuDutch anoshanda ne closed system yemhando dzeuchapupu, uye algorithmic output haiumbi chikamu chayo chega. Inosvika kudare sechikamu chemushumo wepamutemo kana kuburikidza nepfungwa yenyanzvi, uye inoongororwa zvakafanana nehumwe humbowo.
Kuongorora ikoko ndiko kunonangidzira basa rekudzivirira. Mibvunzo mitatu inosarudza huremu hunogona kutakura zvinhu. Nzira yacho inosimbiswa here, uye ndiani? Inokundikana mumamiriro api ezvinhu, uye mamiriro iwayo aivepo here? Uye dziviriro inogona kuiedza here, zvinoreva kuti kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana nezvehurongwa, ruzivo rwayo rwekudzidziswa, mwero wekukanganisa kwayo uye magadzirirwo ayo kuti iite dambudziko rine musoro. Kufananidza kunoratidzwa sechokwadi, pasina mwero wekukanganisa uye pasina mukana wekusimbisa, hachisi humbowo hwekuti dare rinofanira kupa mhosva, uye kutaura kudaro kudzivirira kuri pamutemo uye kunowanzo shanda.
Humbowo hwenyanzvi hune hurongwa hwahwo. Dare rinogona kugadza nyanzvi, dziviriro dzinogona kukumbira imwe, uye rejista yenyanzvi dzedare iripo kuti ipe mwero wemhando yepamusoro weminda yainofukidza. Kana nzira yeAI ikasawanikwa kunze kwenzvimbo inozivikanwa, izvozvo pachazvo inyaya yekuvimbika kwemhedzisiro. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti Wetboek van Strafvordering itsva, yakagamuchirwa neEerste Kamer musi wa24 Kukadzi 2026 uye yakaburitswa muStaatsblad munaKurume 2026, ichatanga kushanda bhuku nebhuku nemutemo wehumambo; kusvika yasvika, zvirevo zviripo uye nhamba dzenyaya dzazvo zvinoramba zvichishanda.
Kona yekudzivirira data
Kana sarudzo inobata munhu ikatorwa nenzira dzinongoitika dzoga, GDPR inopa munhu iyeye kodzero yekusabatwa nayo, pamwe chete nekodzero yekuwana ruzivo rwakakosha nezvepfungwa dzinobatanidzwa. Mukushandiswa kwemhosva, mitemo yakafanana yemutemo inoshandisa murairo wedata remapurisa inoshanda. Izvi zvinokosha munzira mbiri. Kune munhu anofungidzirwa, inzira yekuwana ruzivo nezvehurongwa husingade kutsanangurwa nevakuru. Kune kambani, kuisa sarudzo dzinongoitika dzoga pasina hwaro hwepamutemo uye pasina dziviriro kutyora mitemo kuchaverengwa pamwe chete nechero mhosva yekupomerwa.
Kudzivirira nyaya iyo AI inobatanidzwa
Kuzvidzivirira kwepfungwa, kwekuti hurongwa hwacho hwaive bhokisi dema uye hapana aigona kuziva kuti hwaizoitei, hakuna kusimba kupfuura zvahunotaridzika. Hunopindura mubvunzo usiri iwo. Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch haubvunzi kana mupomerwi akafanoona here zvabuda; unobvunza kana mupomerwi aive nesimba rekuona kana mufambiro wacho wakaitika uye akabvuma njodzi yawaizoitika. Kusava neruzivo kunogona kudzikamisa mupomerwi: kushandisa hurongwa husina maitiro anotsanangurwa, munzvimbo yahunogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru, chisarudzo icho dare rinogona kuona sekugamuchira njodzi.
Dziviriro inoshanda yakamanikana uye ine humbowo. Chekutanga kusavapo kwekutonga chaiko: sisitimu yacho yakatengwa sechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, yakagadzirirwa uye yakachengetedzwa nemupi wemhosva, uye mupomerwi akanga asina ruzivo kana kugona kwehunyanzvi hwekupindira. Nharo iyoyo inosimudzira pfungwa dzemupomerwi kuenda kumupi wemhosva, uye inomira kana kuwira pachibvumirano uye pane zvakatotaurwa kumupi wemhosva. Chechipiri ndechekuti mushandi wemhosva akaita zvinoitwa nemushandi wemhosva akanyatsongwarira: zvakanyorwa kuongororwa kwenjodzi, kusimbiswa kwemhosva isati yaendeswa, kutsanangurwa kwekutarisira kwevanhu nemunhu ane simba uye kugona kudzoreredza, kutarisa mushure mekuendeswa kwemhosva, uye kukurumidza kutora matanho pazviitiko. Chechitatu inyaya yekukonzera, iyo inowanzo shandiswa zvisina kukwana. Muketani inotangira paruzivo rwekudzidzisa kuburikidza nemuenzaniso kusvika kusarudzo yemunhu kusvika kumhedzisiro, muchuchisi anofanira kuratidza kuti maitiro emupomerwi uyu ndiwo akakonzera mhedzisiro, uye ketani dzakaoma dzinotyoka.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinoshanda zvinotevera. Chengetedza zvese nekukurumidza: magwaro, shanduro dzemuenzaniso, magadzirirwo, mishumo yezviitiko uye tsamba dzinoenderana nesarudzo dzekupa mhosva ndizvo humbowo hwemativi ese, uye zvinogara zvichinyorwazve. Uye yeuka kuti dziviriro dzakajairika dzemaitirwo emhosva dzinoshanda zvizere kunyaya dzakaoma, kusanganisira kodzero yemunhu ari kupomerwa kusataura chinhu; chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekodzero yekunyarara munyaya dzemhosva chinotsanangura mashandiro azvo mukuferefeta kweDutch. Kana mhosva yacho iri yekubiridzira kwakaitwa nemidziyo inongoerekana yaitwa, gwara redu rekubiridzira nemhosva dzemari muNetherlands rinofukidza mhosva dzinobatanidzwa.
Zvinonyatsoratidzwa nenyaya yekubatsira vana
Nyaya ye toeslagenaffaire, nyaya yekubatsira vana yekuNetherlands, ndiyo nyaya inodzokororwa muhurukuro yega yega yekuzvidavirira kwealgorithmic muNetherlands, uye inowanzotaurwa nezvayo nechikonzero chisina kunaka. Chidzidzo chayo hachisi chekuti algorithm yakaita chimwe chinhu chemhosva. Asi kuti hurongwa hwekusarudza njodzi otomatiki, pamwe chete nekusada kwemasangano kusava nechokwadi nezvemhedzisiro yayo, hwakakonzera makore ekukuvadza kwakakomba kumhuri makumi ezviuru pasina munhu anopomerwa mhosva.
Hurumende yeMitero yakashandisa kupatsanura njodzi kusarudza zvikumbiro zverubatsiro kuti zviongororwe. Zviratidzo zvaisafanira kushandiswa, kusanganisira rudzi, zvakawana nzira yekusarudzwa, uye kusarongeka kudiki kwehutungamiriri kwaigona kukonzera kuwanikwa kwekubiridzira nemaune nechisungo chekubhadhara mari yese. Mhuri dzakatadza kuona kuti sei vakanga vasarudzwa, vakuru vakuru vakatora kupatsanura semhedziso kwete sechiratidzo, uye mutoro wekuramba mhosva yaisazotsanangurwa nemunhu wakawira pamupomerwi. Dare rekudzivirira data reDutch rakaona kugadziriswa kwedata rerudzi zvisiri pamutemo uye rakaisa faindi, uye hurumende yakasiya basa muna Ndira 2021.
Zvakasaitika zvinodzidzisa. Hapana munhu akapomerwa mhosva. Mutoro wakaparadzirwa musangano, mutemo, software uye hurongwa hwepamutemo hwaiona kudzoserwa kwemari senyaya yekutonga. Kuparadzirwa ikoko ndiyo njodzi chaiyo iyo zviito zvebasa uye hunyanzvi. 51 Sr zvakagadzirirwa kurwisa, uye zvinotsanangura kuti sei Mutemo weAI uchisimbirira pakutarisirwa kwevanhu kunozivikanwa uye pane magwaro. Kuzvidavirira kunoda munhu aigona kunge akamisa uye rekodhi yezvaaiziva.
Kukundikana kutatu kwakakodzera kutaurwa nekuti kunoshandura zvakananga kuburitswa pachena kwemutemo kune chero sangano. Sarudzo dzakanga dzisingatsananguriki, saka hadzina kupikiswa. Kutarisirwa kwevanhu kwaivepo papepa asi kwete mukuita, nekuti vanhu vaibatanidzwa vakanga vasina simba kana ruzivo rwekudzora hurongwa. Uye mhedzisiro yemureza yaive yekudzosera mutoro weuchapupu muchokwadi kana zvisiri pamutemo. Chero kuiswa kweAI kunoburitsa zvinhu izvi zvitatu idambudziko repamutemo rakamirira kukura, zvisinei netekinoroji iri shure kwayo. Mhinduro yehurumende, kusanganisira nhungamiro yekusasarura nekugadzira uye pamarejista ealgorithm emasangano eruzhinji, yakanangana zvakananga nepfungwa idzodzo nhatu.
Chirongwa chekutevedzera mitemo chinoshandawo sekudzivirira
Zvese zvinoitwa nekambani kuti itevedzere Mutemo weAI zvinoburitsawo humbowo hwaingada kana chimwe chinhu chikafamba zvisina kunaka. Chinangwa ichocho chine mbiri ndicho chikonzero chekuzviita nemazvo kwete zvishoma, uye zvinoita kuti matanho anotevera ave akakodzera kushanda nesimba.
Tanga nehurongwa hwezvinhu. Haugone kuisa muzvikamu zvausina kunyora, uye masangano mazhinji anoona kuti AI yakapinda muzvikamu kuburikidza nekutenga kwete kuburikidza neprojekiti: chinhu chekuongorora mupuratifomu yekutsvagira vanhu basa, module yekukora mufomu yechikwereti, basa rekutarisa musoftware yekuchengetedza. Ronga system yega yega pasi peMutemo, nyora chikonzero, uye ongororazve kana system yachinjwa zvakanyanya, nekuti shanduko yechinangwa inogona kufambisa system kuenda kune imwe chikamu.
Wobva wapa vanhu vakanyorwa basa pane kupa madhipatimendi. Kushanda nesimba uye hutungamiriri chaihwo zvese zvinotendeukira kune angadai akaziva kana mufambiro wacho wakaitika. Sangano risina munhu anogona kuzivikanwa seane mhosva haritize mhosva; rinongoburitsa pachena chero ani zvake ari pamusoro pechati. Taura kuti ndiani muridzi wehurongwa hwega hwega, ndiani anogona kupa mvumo yekuendesa basa, ndiani anoita basa rekutarisira uye ndiani anogona kuhudzima, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti munhu akanyorwa ane simba nehunyanzvi hwekuzviita.
Ita kuti kutarisirwa kwevanhu kuve kwechokwadi. Chinodiwa hachisi munhu ari muchimiro cheruzivo asi munhu anogona kunzwisisa zvinobuda, ane chinzvimbo chekuzviramba, uye haayerwi nekubudirira nenzira inoita kuti kurambwa kusashande. Zvinyorwa zvinodarika, nekuti log inoratidza kuti basa rekutarisira rinoshandiswa zvechokwadi rinokosha kupfuura chero gwaro remutemo.
Nyora nzvimbo yehunyanzvi: kwakabva ruzivo rwekudzidziswa uye kuti rwakaongororwa sei, bvunzo dzakaitwa uye zvakaratidzwa, kuti zvikanganiso zvinozivikanwa uye mamiriro ekukundikana ndeapi, uye zvakasarudzwa nezvazvo. Kana zvichidikanwa kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro pakuchengetedzwa kweruzivo kana kodzero dzakakosha, ita izvi usati waisa ruzivo uye ramba uchizviongorora. Tarisa mushure mekuisa ruzivo, nyora zviitiko, uye ita chimwe chinhu nezvazvo nenzira inoonekwa muchinyorwa.
Chekupedzisira, gadzirisa zvibvumirano nemazvo. Kana sisitimu ikatengwa pane kuvakwa, kugoverwa kwemutoro pakati pemupi neanoisa zvinhu kunosarudza kuti ndiani ane njodzi. Kumbira magwaro ehunyanzvi anodiwa neMutemo, mirairo yekushandisa, ruzivo nezvemiganhu inozivikanwa, uye kodzero yekuudzwa nezvezviitiko uye shanduko huru. Chikwata chedu chemutemo weIT chinobata nehurongwa ihwohwo.
Kana AI iri chishandiso chemunhu anenge atadza kwete kukundikana kwebhizinesi
Kusvika pari zvino chinyorwa chino chataura nezvekukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nehurongwa hweAI hwakashandiswa nekambani nechinangwa chepamutemo. Chimwe chikamu chemufananidzo ndecheAI inoshandiswa nemaune kuita mhosva, uye pano mhinduro iri nyore: mhosva yacho imhosva, uye tekinoroji iyi inyaya inotowedzera kuipa kwete dambudziko repamutemo. Mutemo wemhosva wekuDutch wakanyorwa maererano nemhedzisiro nemaitiro, kwete maererano nezviridzwa, ndosaka paine zvinhu zvitsva zvishoma zvaidiwa.
Kubiridzira kwakaitwa nezwi rakafanana kana vhidhiyo yekugadzira yemutungamiriri achiraira muripo kunyengera pasi pechinyorwa. 326 Sr, sezvazvingave netsamba yekunyepedzera. Gwaro rakagadzirwa nemuenzaniso kutsigira chikumbiro chenhema manyepo pasi pechinyorwa. 225 Sr. Kushandisa mumwe munhu achizivisa ruzivo rwake kuti apfuure semhosva yake pasi pechinyorwa. 231b Sr. Kuparadzira mifananidzo yepabonde yemunhu pasina mvumo yake kunorangwa, uye Wet seksuele misdrijven, yakashanda kubvira 1 Chikunguru 2024, yakavandudza chikamu ichocho cheCriminal Code; mufananidzo wekugadzira haubvi kunze kwayo nekuti wakagadzirwa pane kurekodhwa. Kushungurudzwa nguva dzose kuburikidza nemaakaundi ega kunogona kuita sekunge kwakaderera pasi pechinyorwa. 285b Sr, iyo inopomerwa mhosva chete kana munhu akanyunyuta.
Chinochinja AI ihukuru, kuvimbika uye kuoma kweuchapupu. Izwi rekugadzira rinogutsa rinobvisa kusawirirana kwaishandiswa kudzivirira kubiridzira pakubhadhara, uye humbowo hwekuti kurekodha ndekwechokwadi hahuchagoni kufungidzirwa. Migumisiro miviri inoshanda inotevera. Kune vakakuvadzwa uye kumakambani, nzira dzekusimbisa dzisingatsamiri pakuziva inzwi kana chiso dzava kutonga kwakakosha pane kunatsiridza. Panyaya yemhosva, chokwadi chezvinhu zvemaaudio nemavhidhiyo chave mubvunzo unofanirwa kuratidzwa pane kufungidzira, uye varwiri vane kodzero yekuuedza.
Mutemo wava kutanga kubatsira. Mitemo yekujekesa zviri muchikamu 50 cheMutemo weAI, icho chatoshanda, inoda kuti vanopa mabasa vanyore zviri mukugadzirwa nenzira inoverengwa nemuchina uye vanoda kuti vanoisa zvinhu vaburitse pachena kuti mufananidzo, odhiyo kana vhidhiyo zvakagadzirwa kana kushandiswa pazvinoratidza vanhu chaivo kana zviitiko. Kutevedzera mitemo hakumisi munhu anenge akanganisa, asi kunosimbisa chinzvimbo chevamwe vese: kunoita kuti zviri mukugadzirwa zvisina kutaurwa zvive kutyora mitemo, uye zvinopa vaongorori nematare edzimhosva chiratidzo chekutsvaga. Nyaya yedu pamusoro pekuratidza hunyengeri hwedhijitari muNetherlands inobata nerutivi rweuchapupu hwenyaya idzi.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve AI uye mhosva yemhosva
Kambani inogona kupomerwa mhosva here kana AI yayo ichisarura?
Ehe, zvinogona kuitika. Kunyange zvazvo usingazooni sisitimu yeAI pachayo iri mumatare, kambani yakaishandisa inogona kupomerwa mhosva dzemhosva nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekusarura pasi pemitemo yemhosva dzemakambani ekuDutch. Dai vatungamiriri vekambani vaiziva nezvekugona kweAI kwerusarura uye vasina kuita chero chinhu, kana kuti kana vakaregeredza zvakanyanya mukutarisira kwavo, mhosva dzemhosva dzinogona kuitika. EU AI Act inoisawo mitemo yakasimba yekudzivirira rusarura kune masisitimu ane njodzi huru. Kukundikana kuzadzisa zviyero izvozvo kwaizova humbowo hwakasimba hwekusateerera mune chero nyaya yemhosva. Kutariswa kwemutemo kuchagara kuchipenya zvakanyanya pane zvisarudzo zvevanhu zvinoitwa maererano nekugadzirwa, kudzidziswa, uye kutumirwa kweAI.
Dambudziko rebhokisi dema muAI nderei?
Dambudziko re "black box" izwi rekuti ma AI models akaomarara apo kunyangwe vanhu vakaavaka havagone kunyatso tevera kuti mhedzisiro chaiyo yakasvika sei. Iri idambudziko guru kana AI nemutemo wemhosva zvikapesana. Kudare, izvi zvinogona kuva musimboti wekudzivirira. Gweta rinogona kutaura kuti mhedzisiro inokuvadza yaisagona kufanotaurwa zvachose, zvichireva kuti mupomerwi akanga asina chinangwa chemhosva chinodiwa (opzet). Nhaurirano iri nyore: vangadai vakaronga sei mhedzisiro yavaisagona kufanotaura? Asi vachuchisi vane kudzoka kwakasimba. Vanogona kutaura kuti kuisa sisitimu ine simba, isingafungidzike isina dziviriro dzakakodzera, pachayo, chiito chekusangwarira kana kushaya hanya kukuru. Uye izvozvo zvinogona kukwana kugutsa pfungwa dzinodiwa kuti pave nemhosva yemhosva. Izvi zvinogadzira nzira yekurwira pamutemo kwakasimba pamusoro pekufanoona uye basa rekutarisira.
Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekuti vagadziri vemapurogiramu vadzivise Njodzi dzepamutemo?
Chinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda zvikuru chingaitwa nevagadziri kuti vazvidzivirire kubva panjodzi dzemutemo ndechekuchengeta magwaro akajeka uye akajeka mukati mechikamu chega chega chehupenyu hweAI. Funga nezvazvo sekugadzira "nzira yekuongorora" yakadzama inogona kuva humbowo hwako hwakakosha. Magwaro aya anofanirwa kufukidza zvese kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo: Magwaro eData: Magwaro ekudzidzisa aibva kupi, uye akaongororwa sei kuti ane mhando uye rusaruro here?; Kuderedza Rusaruro: Ndeapi matanho chaiwo akatorwa kuti awane uye abvise rusaruro kubva mudatasets?; Chikonzero Chekugadzira: Chii chaive chikonzero chesarudzo huru dzekuvaka uye maalgorithms?; Mhedzisiro Yekuyedza: Rekodhi yakazara yebvunzo yega yega, kusanganisira kukundikana uye kuti wakazvigadzirisa sei.. Kuisa hurongwa hwakajeka hwekutarisira kwevanhu kwakakoshawo. Kana kuferefeta kukaitika, gwaro iri rinoshanda sehumbowo husingarambiki hwekuongorora kwakakodzera. Rinobatsira kuratidza kuti chero kukuvara kwakakonzerwa kwaive tsaona isingatarisirwi, kwete mhedzisiro yekuregeredza - uye izvo zvinoumba hwaro hwekudzivirira kwakasimba kwemutemo.
Ko algorithm inogona kuwanikwa ine mhosva yemhosva pasi pemutemo weDutch neEU uripo here?
Kwete. Pasi pemutemo uripo, algorithm haigone kuwanikwa ine mhosva. Pfungwa huru dzemutemo dzakadai sechinangwa chemhosva (opzet) uye hunhu hwepamutemo zvakachengeterwa vanhu uye, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, makambani.
Sei sisitimu yeAI isingangoiswe pamuedzo semunhu?
Nzira yekutonga haina hunhu hwakakosha hunodiwa kuti munhu amire pamberi pedare: haina ruzivo, haina pfuma yemunhu yekutora, uye haina rusununguko runogona kubviswa, kusiyana nemunhu chaiye kana kambani inozivikanwa semunhu wepamutemo.
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti AI haina chekuita nenyaya dzemhosva?
Kwete, zvakapesana zvachose. Kunyangwe hazvo algorithm pachayo isingakwanise kuva nemhosva, zviito zvayo zviri kuva chinhu chikuru pakuratidza mhosva kana kusava nemhosva kwevanhu vanoigadzira, vanoishandisa, uye vanoitarisira.
Ndeipi pfungwa yepamutemo yakanyanya kuoma kushandisa kune masisitimu eAI?
Chinangwa chemhosva (opzet) chakanyanya kuoma, sezvo vachuchisi vachiwanzofanira kuratidza kuti vane pfungwa dzine mhosva dzakadai sechinangwa, kushaya hanya kana ruzivo rwekuita zvakaipa, nepo algorithm inoshanda chete zvichibva pane zvayakaita papurogiramu nedata uye isina ruzivo, zvitendero kana zvishuwo.
sei Law and More anogona kubatsira
Law and More inopa mazano kumakambani, vatungamiriri nevanhu pamusoro pemhosva dzinobva mumasisitimu emagetsi. Tinoongorora kuratidzwa kwemhosva pasi pechinyorwa che51 Sr nedzidziso yekushanda kwemabasa, kuvaka nekuongorora kutonga kweAI kuchamira sehumbowo hwekutarisira, kupikisa humbowo hwealgorithmic mumatare emhosva, uye kudzivirira makambani nevakuru vavo mukuferefeta nePublic Prosecution Service uye nevatongi. Kana sangano renyu rikashandisa AI munzvimbo iyo zvikanganiso zvine mhedzisiro, taurai nehofisi yedu chiitiko chisati chamanikidza mubvunzo.
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