Chibvumirano chesangano pasi pemutemo weDutch: mitemo, zvikamu uye kuguma

Chibvumirano chemumiriri chibvumirano icho mumiriri webhizinesi anozvishandira (handelsagent) anobvuma, asingabhadhare, kuti agadzirise zvibvumirano zvemukuru wekambani uye, kana akabvumidzwa, kuti azvipedzise muzita remukuru wekambani, asingave pasi pemukuru wekambani iyeye. MuNetherlands hukama hwacho hunotongwa nezvinyorwa 7:428 kusvika 7:445 zveDutch Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, BW), zvinoshandisa EU Directive 86/653/EEC. Zvimwe zvezvibvumirano izvi zvinosungirwa: nguva yekuzivisa yepamutemo, muripo wekubatsira uye miganhu yekusakwikwidzana mushure mechibvumirano hazvigone kusainwa zvichikanganisa mumiriri panguva iyo chibvumirano chichiri kushanda.

Kusanganiswa ikoko ndiko kunoita kuti chibvumirano chesangano chive nyore. Kugadza mumiriri kunokurumidza, kwakachipa uye kunodzoserwa kumashure mukutengeserana, asi kana chibvumirano chacho chasvika pakuva mumiriri, mutemo unodzivirira unozvibatanidza wega, chero zvakanyorwa nemapoka. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvinodiwa nesangano iroro, kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvamunogona kutaurirana makasununguka, kuti komisheni neruzivo zvinoshanda sei pasi pemutemo weDutch, uye kuti mari inobhadharwa papi kana hukama hwapera.

Chii chinonzi chibvumirano chesangano pasi pemutemo weDutch

Chinyorwa 7:428 ndima 1 BW inotsanangura chibvumirano chesangano sechibvumirano icho mukuru wekambani anorayira mumiriri, kwenguva yakatarwa kana isingazivikanwi uye achipesana nemubhadharo, kuti agadzirise mukuumbwa kwezvibvumirano uye, pazvinenge zvichibvira, kupedzisa zvibvumirano izvozvo muzita remukuru wekambani uye nekuda kweakaundi yemukuru wekambani, pasina mumiriri ari pasi pemukuru wekambani. Saka zvinhu zvina zvinofanira kuvapo: kupindirana, basa rinoenderera mberi pane rimwe chete, muripo, uye kuzvimiririra.

Chinhu chekupedzisira ichocho ndicho chinoparadzanisa mumiriri nemushandi. Kuzviisa pasi, maawa ekushanda akatarwa, chisungo chekushanda wega uye kusava nenjodzi yebhizinesi zvese zvinosundidzira hukama kune chibvumirano chebasa, nemigumisiro inotevera kubva pakuchengetedzwa kwekudzingwa uye mitero yemihoro. Kuzvimiririra ndiko zvakare kunoparadzanisa mumiriri nemutengesi: mumiriri haambotengi kana kutengesazve, uye haambotakuri masheya.

Mutemo weDutch unosvika kure kupfuura murairo

Murairo 86/653/EEC unongobata chete vamiririri vanotaurirana nezvekutengesa kana kutenga zvinhu. Chinyorwa 7:428 BW chinotaura nezvezvibvumirano zvisina muganho, saka pasi pemutemo weDutch mumiririri anotengesa masevhisi - kunyoreswa kwesoftware, kugona kwekutakura, zvigadzirwa zviri pedyo neinishuwarenzi, nzvimbo yekushambadzira - anowira pasi pehutongi humwe chete hwekudzivirira. Vakuru vekunze vanowanzo taura zvisizvo izvi: vanofungidzira kuti nekuti mumiririri wavo anotengesa masevhisi, mitemo yekudzivirira neyekuzivisa haishande. MuNetherlands vanoita izvozvo. Imwe chete iri muchikamu 7:428 ndima 2 BW ine chekuita nehukama hwemasangano hunotongwa neFinancial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht).

Fomu: hapana chinofanira kusainwa, asi zvakawanda zvinofanira kunge zviripo

Hapana gwaro rakanyorwa rinodiwa. Chibvumirano chemumiriri chinogona kubuda nemuromo kana kubva munzira yakatarwa yekutaurirana, uye matare anochibvuma saizvozvo kana zvinhu zvina zvemutemo zvazadzikiswa. Chinyorwa 7:428 ndima 3 BW chinopa bato rega rega kodzero yekukumbira kubva kune rimwe gwaro rakasainwa rinotsanangura zviri muchibvumirano sezvazviri, izvo zvinobatsira kana mukuru wekambani anga asina kujeka kwemakore. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda akajeka: zvese zvakakosha mugakava remumiriri - nzvimbo, kusarudzika, huwandu hwekomisheni, zvinangwa, kuti ndiani akazivisa mutengi upi - inyaya yehumbowo, uye bato risina magwaro rinorasikirwa naro.

Ndiani akasungwa, uye nei

Kurevererana hakuna kufanana nekusaina. Mumiriri anongobatanidza mapato; mukuru anobva aita chibvumirano nemutengi zvakananga. Kana mukuru akapa simba remumiriri (volmacht) chete ndipo panogona kupedzisa chibvumirano muzita remukuru wekambani. Kana mumiriri akadarika simba iroro, mukuru wekambani haana kusungwa, asi mukuru wekambani anogona kuramba achibatirirwa pachibvumirano apo maitiro ake akaita kuti chiratidzike sekuti simba riripo, uye mutengi akavimba nechitarisiko ichocho. Chinyorwa 3:61 ndima 2 BW ndicho chikamu chinoita basa pano, uye ndicho chikonzero nei murairo uri muchibvumirano, mazwi ekadhi rebhizinesi remumiriri uye siginecha pamafomu eodha zvese zvichifanira kutaura chinhu chimwe chete.

Mutemo wepamutemo: Bhuku 7 BW neDirective 86/653/EEC

Mitemo yesangano iri iri muzvikamu 7:428 kusvika 7:445 BW, mumusoro mumwe chete weCivil Code sechibvumirano chebasa. Vanoshandisa Directive 86/653/EEC, iyo inoisa pasi pane denga: nyika dziri nhengo dzinogona kuchengetedza vamiririri zvakanyanya, uye Netherlands yakaita izvi panguva yekuzivisa. Chero ani zvake anonyora kubva mumuenzaniso weChirungu anofanira kufunga kuti murairo wepasi hausi mutemo weDutch.

Dziviriro iyi inoponawo kana munhu akasarudza mutemo wekunze. Mumutongo wayo weIngmar wegore ra2000, Dare reJustice reEuropean Union rakati mumiriri anoita mabasa ake munyika iri nhengo haafanirwe kunyimwa muripo nekusarudza mutemo wenyika isiri nhengo. Saka, chikamu chinopa chibvumirano kumutemo wenyika yechitatu hachibvisi chikumbiro chemumiriri weDutch; chinowanzo wedzera nharo yekupesana kwemitemo kune gakava rave kutodhura.

Chii chinosungirwa uye chii chisiri

Zvinhu zvisingagone kusiyiwa kuti mumiriri asashande zvakanaka panguva yechibvumirano, mukuita, ndizvo zvinosarudza hukuru hwebhiri. Zvinofukidza nguva dzezviziviso zvepamutemo, muripo wekubatsira, kodzero yekutaura nguva nenguva nezvekomisheni yakawanikwa, miganhu yekutengeserana mushure mechibvumirano, uye mutemo wekuti nguva yekuzivisa iyo mukuru wekambani anofanira kutevedzera haifanirwe kunge iri pfupi pane yemumiriri. Kuregererwa kwakasainwa pakutanga kwehukama hakubatsiri mukuru wekambani; mapato anogona kungosiya mitemo yemuripo kana chibvumirano chapera.

Chichiri kutaurwa zvechokwadi inyaya yehurongwa hwekutengeserana: kungave kugadzwa kwemunhu oga, wega kana kuti kwete wega; nzvimbo neboka revatengi; chikamu chekomisheni nechero chiyero chinotsvedza; zvinangwa, mafomu ekuzivisa uye kodzero dzekuongorora; kana mumiriri anogona kuchengetedza zvinhu pakutumira; uye forum yekukakavadzana. Nyora zvikamu izvozvo sekuwedzera kune mutemo pane kutsiva. Mashoko anoverengwa sekuyedza chibvumirano kubva muchikamu 7:437 kana 7:442 BW anokoka dare kuti ribvise chibvumirano, uye chikamu chakabviswa chinowanzobvisa chibvumirano chekutengeserana chakakomberedza nacho.

Komisheni: nguva yainowanikwa uye nguva yainofanira kubhadharwa

Chinyorwa 7:431 ndima 1 BW inopa mumiriri kodzero yekupa zvibvumirano zvakapedzwa panguva yesangano mumamiriro matatu: apo chibvumirano chakaitika kuburikidza nekupindira kwemumiriri; apo chakapedzwa nemutengi uyo mumiriri akambotanga kuita kutengeserana kwakafanana; uye apo chakapedzwa nemutengi ari munharaunda kana boka revatengi rakagoverwa kumumiriri, kunze kwekunge mapato acho abvumirana zvakasiyana. Chikamu chechitatu ichocho ndicho icho vakuru vakuru vasingatarise. Kana ukapa nzvimbo yakasarudzika wozotengesa mairi iwe pachako, komisheni inobhadharwa pakutengesa ikoko kunze kwekunge chibvumirano chichitaura kuti hachisi.

Pombi yacho yakachengetedzwawo. Pasi pechinyorwa 7:431 ndima 2 BW, mumiriri ane kodzero yekupa makondirakiti apera mushure mekunge sangano rapera, chero bedzi zvichinyanya kukonzerwa nebasa rakaitwa nemumiriri panguva iyoyo uye zvakapedzwa mukati menguva yakakodzera mushure mekugumiswa, kana kuti murairo wacho wasvika kumukuru wekambani kana mumiririri zuva rekupedzisira risati rasvika. Kana mumiriri anotsiva atora basa, komisheni yacho inobhadharwa kune chero wevaviri vakagadzirira chibvumirano, nekupatsanurwa kwakaringana kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumidza chimwe.

Pakubhadhara, Civil Code inomanikidza mukuru wemari kupa mumiriri gwaro rakanyorwa nguva nenguva rekomisheni inofanira kubhadharwa, richiratidza kuti yakaverengerwa sei, uye komisheni inotanga kubhadharwa panguva iyo mushumo wacho wakapihwa kana kuti waifanira kupihwa. Mumiriri anogona zvakare kuda kuti mukuru wemari abudise zvinyorwa zvinodiwa kuti asimbise mushumo wacho. Kunonoka kubhadhara kunotanga kufarira kwekutengeserana kwemutemo wechikamu 6:119a BW. Pane kudzokorora mutemo, shandisa chibvumirano kugadzirisa zvinoshanduka zvinosiyiwa nemutemo: zvinoonekwa semutengo we invoice, madzosero, manotsi echikwereti uye zvidzikiso zvinobatwa sei, uye zvinoitika ku komisheni kana mutengi asingambobhadhare.

Zvikamu zvinodiwa nechibvumirano chesangano reDutch

Nyaya zhinji dzemasangano dzinosvika kudare reDutch dzinotaura zvinhu zvitatu: zvaibvumirwa nemumiririri kuita, maverengerwo akaitwa komisheni, uye kana kugumisa kwacho kwaiitwa nguva dzose. Chibvumirano chakanyorwa zvakanaka chinopindura zvese zvitatu zvisati zvave nharo. Zvikamu zviri pazasi ndizvo zvatisingazosaine tisina.

Nzvimbo yesimba nenzvimbo

Taura kana mumiriri anogona kungokumbira nekutumira maodha chete, kana kuti anogonawo kuagamuchira muzita remukuru wekambani, uye kana zvakadaro kusvika pamutengo upi uye pamashoko api akajairwa. Tsanangura zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi akafukidzwa, zvikamu zvevatengi, nenzvimbo, kusanganisira chero maakaundi edzimba ane mazita anogara nemukuru wekambani. Kusanzwisisika pano kunodhura kaviri: kunoisa mukuru wekambani muzvibvumirano zvaasingade, uye kunopa simba kupfungwa yemumiriri yekuti mutengi wese ari munharaunda iyi aive wenharaunda yake nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekomisheni.

Maumbirwo ekomisheni uye mitemo yekubhadhara

Rondedzera chikamu kana chikero, hwaro hwacho hwakanyorwa, uye pamusoro pezvose chikonzero chekubhadhara. Komisheni yakabatana nekubhadhara kwemutengi yakajairika uye iri pamutemo, asi inofanira kunyorwa zvinoenderana nemutemo wekuti kodzero inobva pakupedzwa kwechibvumirano; chikamu chinoramba kuti komisheni ishandiswe pakutengeserana kwakaitwa uye kwakaitwa hachizoshandi. Gadzirisa denderedzwa remashoko, zuva rekubhadhara, mabatirwo ekutumira zvikamu, uye kodzero yemumiriri yekuongorora bhuku remari. Kana ukashandisa zvinangwa, taura zvakajeka kana kupotsa kuri nzvimbo yekugumisa, chikonzero chekomisheni, kana zvese zviri zviviri.

Kusarudzika, kuzvisarudzira wega kana kusasarura

Mamodheru matatu aya anowanzo vhiringidzwa, uye musiyano unosarudza kana mukuru wekambani angaramba achitengesa mudunhu racho.

Chero modhi yaunosarudza, taura zvakananga nezvekutengesa online. Webshop inotumira kune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa zvakananga, uye kana chibvumirano chisina kutaurwa, mumiriri ane nharo huru yekuti komisheni inofanira kubhadharwa pasi pechinyorwa 7:431 ndima 1 BW.

Nguva, kuvandudzwa uye zvinangwa

Sangano renguva yakatarwa rinopera nekufamba kwenguva pasina chiziviso, asi kana mapato acho akangoenderera mberi mushure mezvo rinoenderera mberi sechibvumirano kwenguva isingazivikanwi, uye mutemo wekuzivisa unoshanda kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi. Kuchinja ikoko kunobata vakuru vanofunga kuti chibvumirano chegore rimwe chakagadziridzwa nemaitiro chinogona kupera nekuzivisa kwemwedzi mumwe chete. Kana uchida kuti sarudzo irege kushanda nekukurumidza, ngatiti: chibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chinogona kugumiswa chete mukati menguva yacho kana chibvumirano chichibvumira, uye zvikasadaro bato rinobuda rinobhadhara mari yasara.

Kuvanzika, kudziviswa kwekutengeserana uye pfuma yepfungwa

Kuvanzika pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemitengo, mari yemubhadharo, uye data revatengi hakuna gakava uye kunofanira kuenderana. Munhu asina kukwikwidzana mushure mechibvumirano haakwikwidzani. Chinyorwa 7:443 BW chinoita kuti chikamu chakadaro chishande chete kana chakanyorwa uye chakaganhurirwa kune mhando yezvinhu kana masevhisi anomiririrwa nemumiriri uye kunzvimbo kana boka revatengi rakapihwa kumumiriri, uye ndima 2 inoivhara pamakore maviri mushure mekupera kwechibvumirano. Mimwe miganhu miviri inokosha mukushanda. Mukuru haagone kuvimba nechikamu zvachose kana chakagumiswa zvisiri pamutemo, kana kana mumiriri akagumiswa nechikonzero chekukurumidzira icho mukuru ndiye ane mhosva, kana kana dare rakaputsa chibvumirano nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nemukuru. Uye pasi pechikamu 4 dare rinogona kudzima chikamu chose kana muchikamu apo mumiriri akakanganiswa zvisina kururama maererano nerubatsiro rwuri kuchengetwa nemukuru. Pamwe chete, simbisa kuti zviratidzo zvekutengeserana, mifananidzo yezvigadzirwa uye chibatiso chekushambadzira zvinoramba zviri zvemukuru, uye kuti chero rezenisi yekuzvishandisa inopera nesangano.

Mishumo, zvinyorwa uye ruzivo rwemunhu

Zvinoda kuti munyorere ruzivo rwakarongwa nenzira yakabvumiranwa, uye mupe mukuru wekambani kodzero yekuongorora zvinyorwa zviri pasi pechiziviso chinonzwisisika. Nekuti mumiririri anobata ruzivo rwekuonana nevatengi vemukuru wekambani, anopa mabasa ekuchengetedza ruzivo zvakajeka: kusarudza kana mumiririri achibata ruzivo irworwo nemirairo yemukuru wekambani, uye kana chibvumirano chekugadzirisa pasi pechinyorwa 28 GDPR chinodiwa, kana kuti bato rega rega ringave rinodzora zvaro. Kusarudza izvi padanho rekunyora kwakachipa zvikuru pane kurivakazve mushure mekuputswa kwedata.

Mutemo wekutonga uye forum

Sarudza mutemo weDutch zvakananga, uye yeuka kuti mitemo yesangano inoshanda kumumiriri anoshanda muNetherlands chero zvodini. Paforamu, cherechedza chinyorwa 93 sub c cheDutch Code of Civil Procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvording): gakava pamusoro pechibvumirano chesangano rinonzwikwa nedare redunhu (kantonrechter) zvisinei nemari inokumbirwa, zvinoreva kuti hapana mumiriri wepamutemo anosungirwa uye, kazhinji, nzira inokurumidza uye yakachipa kupfuura dare rehurumende. Kutonga pasi pemitemo yeNetherlands Arbitration Institute inzira apo kuvanzika kunodarika mutengo. Chikamu chekuwedzera chakarongwa, chine hwindo rekutaurirana uye kupindirana pamberi penyaya, chinowanzo gadzira chibvumirano chevasttellingsovereenkomst (chibvumirano chekugadzirisa) uye chinochengetedza hukama hwevatengi hwakasimba.

Zvikwereti zvebato rimwe nerimwe kune rimwe

Mutemo weDutch unoisa hukama nemabasa kumativi ese, uye kutyorwa kwemutemo kune mativi ese kunochinja zvingaitwa nemumwe pakupedzisira. Mumiriri anofanira kutarisira zvido zvemukuru wekambani nekutarisira mumiriri webhizinesi akakodzera: kutevera mirairo, kuendesa mibvunzo, zvichemo uye yambiro yekubhadhara pasina kunonoka, kutevera mirairo ine musoro, uye kurega kumiririra zvigadzirwa zvinokwikwidzana zvakananga pasina mvumo. Kukundikana pane izvi ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekugumisa nyaya nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira uye kuramba chikumbiro chekuripa mari gare gare.

Mabasa emukuru wechikoro haana kunyatsonzwisisika asi anongoshanda nesimba. Anofanira kupa magwaro anodiwa nemumiriri - runyorwa rwemitengo, mienzaniso, hunyanzvi, mazwi akajairika - uye kuchengetedza mumiriri achiziviswa nezvechero chinhu chinokanganisa basa, kusanganisira sarudzo yekuderedza kupa zvakanyanya pasi peizvo mumiriri angatarisira. Anofanira kuudza mumiriri mukati menguva yakakodzera kana achibvuma kana kuramba kutengeserana kwakaitwa nemumiriri, uye anofanira kupa chirevo chekomisheni yenguva nenguva. Kunyarara hakusi sarudzo isina kwayakarerekera: mukuru wechikoro anorega maodha achipera pasina tsananguro anoderedza chinzvimbo chake pakuzivisa uye pakubhadhara.

Chirevo che del credere, icho mumiriri anotsigira mashandiro emutengi, chinotenderwa asi chakaganhurirwa zvakasimba. Chinofanira kunge chakanyorwa, chinogona chete kuenderana nekutengeserana kwakaratidzwa kana kutengeserana kwakaitwa nemumiriri pachake, uye kuburitswa kwemumiriri hakugone kudarika komisheni pakutengeserana kwacho kunze kwekunge mari yakawanda yabvumiranwa zvakajeka uye mumiriri aine chido chinoratidzwa machiri. Chitore sechinhu chisina kusarudzwa pane chikamu chakajairwa; mumiriri ane njodzi yechikwereti pamitemo yakajairika anenge ari pedyo nekuva mugovanisi asina mari.

Kugumisa chibvumirano chesangano nemazvo

Mari zhinji iri mumutemo wesangano iri iri pakupera. Chinyorwa 7:437 BW chinotonga kugumiswa kwechibvumirano kwenguva isingazivikanwi, kana chibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa chine kodzero yekugumiswa kwenguva pfupi. Kana mapato asina kubvumirana, nguva yekuzivisa yepamutemo imwedzi mina , yakawedzerwa nemwedzi mumwe chete mushure memakore matatu uye nemwedzi miviri mushure memakore matanhatu - saka kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu yehukama hunogara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvakareba zvakanyanya kupfuura chiyero chekuraira, uye kukopa chiyero ichocho muchibvumirano cheDutch ndechimwe chezvikanganiso zvakajairika pakunyora zvatinoona.

Mapato anogona kubvumirana nguva dzavo, asi kwete pasi pemwedzi mumwe mugore rekutanga, mwedzi miviri mugore rechipiri uye mwedzi mitatu mugore rinotevera, uye chero nguva yakareba yakabvumiranwa kumumiriri haifanirwe kudarika nguva inosunga mukuru wekambani. Chiziviso chinofanira kupihwa pakupera kwemwedzi wekarenda. Chiziviso chinopihwa pazuva regumi chine mwedzi mitatu chakataurwa saka chinopera pakupera kwemwedzi wechina unotevera, kwete mwedzi mitatu pazuva iroro.

Bato rinogumisa chibvumirano risina kutevedzera nguva chaiyo, uye pasina mvumo yemumwe, rine mhosva yekurasikirwa pasi pechinyorwa 7:439 BW kunze kwekunge chapera nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira chakapihwa kune rimwe bato nekukasika. Chiyero chepamutemo chechikwereti ichocho mubhadharo waizowanikwa nemumiriri munguva yekuzivisa yaifanira kunge yacherechedzwa, yakaverengerwa zvichienderana nenguva yapfuura; bato rakakuvara rinogona kukumbira kurasikirwa kwaro chaiko. Pamwe chete neizvi, chinyorwa 7:440 BW chinobvumira bato chero ripi zvaro kukumbira dare redunhu kuti riparadze chibvumirano nekuda kwechikonzero chekukurumidzira kana shanduko yemamiriro ezvinhu erudzi rwekuti hukama hunofanira kupera nekukasira kana munguva pfupi.

Chikonzero chakakosha hachina kunaka. Zvinoda mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti kuramba uchienderera mberi kusakosha, zvakaita sekubiridzira, kusabhadhara zvivakwa, kana kutyora mitemo zvakanyanya uye kudzokorora mushure mekunyevera; kuchinjana kwezvinhu, kwega, hakusi chimwe chezvinhu izvi. Nyora chikonzero chacho pasi pazuva raunovimba nacho uye tsanangura chokwadi nemazvo, nekuti dare richaedza chikonzero chataurwa uye harizobvumiri kuti chivandudzwe gare gare.

Chirango cherudo pasi pechinyorwa 7:442 BW

Rubatsiro rwechipo (klantenvergoeding) ndirwo rusingakosheswi nepfungwa huru. Chinyorwa 7:442 ndima 1 BW chinopa mumiriri kodzero yekubhadharwa kana mumiriri akaunza vatengi vatsva vakuru, kana kuwedzera hukama huripo nevatengi, apo mumiriri achiri kuwana rubatsiro rwakakura kubva muhukama ihwohwo, uye kana muripo wakaenzana mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, kunyanya komisheni iyo mumiriri anorasikirwa nayo. Zvese zvitatu zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa.

Ndima 2 inovhara muripo wegore rimwe chete, unoverengerwa paavhareji yemakore mashanu apfuura, kana paavhareji yenguva yese apo chibvumirano chakagara makore asingasviki mashanu. Hoge Raad yakatsanangura muna 2012 kuti ongororo inoitwa sei mukuita: kutanga verenga bhenefiti inochengetwa nemukuru wechikoro, wobva waongorora kana mubairo wacho wakaenzana uye kusvika papi tichitarisa mamiriro ese ezvinhu, uye wobva washandisa muganhu wepamutemo chete. Muganho hausi iwo wekutanga, uye hausi kodzero yekusaita basa.

Miganhu miviri inofanirwa kunyorwa yavo. Pasi pechikamu chechitatu chikumbiro chinopera kana mumiriri asina kuudza mukuru wekambani kuti anoda muripo mukati megore rimwe chete kubva pakupera kwechibvumirano , izvo zvinoita kuti tsamba pfupi ive danho rimwe chete rinokosha rinogona kutorwa nemumiriri ari kubuda. Pasi pechikamu chechina hapana muripo unodiwa kana mukuru wekambani akagumiswa nekuda kwechikonzero chinoita kuti mumiriri ave nemhosva yekukuvadzwa, apo mumiriri pachake akagumiswa pasina chikonzero chemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa nemukuru wekambani kana nezera remumiriri, kurwara kana kusashanda zvakanaka, kana apo mumiriri akatamisa kodzero dzake nezvisungo zvake kune mumwe munhu wechitatu nechibvumirano chemukuru wekambani.

Mari yekuripira yakasiyana nekomisheni mushure mekubviswa kwekambani uye nemari yekuripira nekuda kwechiziviso chisina kurongeka. Mukuru wekambani anogumisa kambani kwenguva refu nekuziviswa kwenguva pfupi anogona kutarisana nezvose zvitatu panguva imwe chete, ndosaka kubuda kwayo kuchikodzera kutariswa kwepamutemo sekupinda kwayo.

Sangano, sangano rekugovera kana rekomisheni: kusarudza modhi

Nzira nhatu dzekuenda kumusika dzinoita sedzakafanana uye dzinoita zvakasiyana zvikuru pamutemo. Sangano chete ndiro rine muripo wepamutemo uye hurongwa hwekuzivisa zvinosungirwa; dzimwe mbiri dzinotongwa zvakanyanya nezvinobvumiranwa nemapoka, zvichiwedzerwa nemitemo yemutemo wechibvumirano uye nekutenda kwakanaka.

Kusavapo kwemutemo wepamutemo hazvirevi kuti chibvumirano chekugovera chinogona kupedzwa chero nguva. Matare eDutch ane basa rekuchengeta nguva yekuzivisa yakakodzera, uye dzimwe nguva kubhadhara muripo, kubva pazvinodiwa zvekunzwisisa uye kururamisira, tichifunga nezvenguva yehukama, mari yakapihwa nemutengesi uye kuvimba kwayo nemutengesi. Chausingawane ipfungwa inoverengeka yechinyorwa 7:442 BW, iyo inopfupikisa mativi ese: mhedzisiro yacho haifungidzike kune wese anobatanidzwa.

Sarudza kambani kana mutengo nekutonga kwemhando zvichikosha uye uchida kugamuchira njodzi yekutsiva; sarudza kugoverwa kana uchida kubvisa njodzi yezvinhu zviri mukambani uye yechikwereti uye unogona kurarama usina simba rakawanda pamitengo. Dare rekambani (commissieovereenkomst), umo murevereri anoita chibvumirano muzita rake rekambani yekambani, anogara pakati pezviviri uye akakodzera kufunga nezvekwaanosarudza kuti kambani yekambani isamuonese mutengi. Kubatwa kwayo kweakaundi neVAT kwakasiyana zvikuru nekambani, saka batanidza mupi wezano wako wemitero panyaya iyoyo usati waita chibvumirano; sarudzo yemuenzaniso wepamutemo nemigumisiro yemari inofanira kusarudzwa pamwe chete, kwete zvakatevedzana. Kuti uwane kuenzanisa kwakakura kwemhando dzezvibvumirano zviripo, ona pfupiso yedu yemhando dzezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana.

Kushandisa template pasina kubatwa

Template inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga musangano wepamba pakati pemapato ane hukuru hwakafanana. Haisi nzvimbo yekupa mazano kana mutemo wacho uri wega, unosanganisira nyika dzakasiyana dzeEU, unosanganisira pfuma yepfungwa kana ruzivo rwemunhu, kana kuti komisheni inotarisirwa yakakura zvakakwana zvekuti chikumbiro chekuripa chingakuvadza.

Usati wanyora chero chinhu, unganidza chokwadi chinofanira kugadziriswa nechibvumirano: mazita chaiwo epamutemo, nhamba dzeChamber of Commerce uye vasaine vane mvumo vemapato ese ari maviri; zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi akafukidzwa, anotsanangurwa zvakakwana kuti atsanangure vasingakwikwidzi gare gare; nzvimbo uye chero maakaundi eimba akacherwa; hwaro hwekomisheni uye mutero; kutenderera kwemushumo; uye nguva yakatarwa. Ruzivo rwusipo padanho rino ndirwo runoburitsa mazwi asina kujeka anokundikana mudare.

Kana wapedza kunyora rugwaro, ruongorore zvichienderana nemutemo kwete maererano nepfungwa dzemutemplate wacho. Chiziviso ichi chinosangana nechikamu 7:437 BW here, uye nguva yemukuru wekambani yakareba seyemumiriri here? Munhu asingakwikwidzi anoramba ari mukati memuganho wemakore maviri uye miganhu yenyaya nenzvimbo yechikamu 7:443 BW here? Pane here chinoratidza kuti haabhadharise muripo pachine nguva? Ko commission trigger inoenderana nechikamu 7:431 BW here? Mutemo weDutch wakasarudzwa here, uye forum inoenderana nechikamu 93 sub c Rv here? Mukugadzwa kwemuganho, wedzera shanduro yemitauro miviri ine chirevo chakajeka chemutauro, taura mari uye kuti ndiani anotakura muripo webhangi, uye gadzirisa mazwi ekutumira neshanduro yeIncoterms yaunoshandisa chaizvo. Zvinyorwa zvedu pamusoro pekuti ungataurirana sei nezvemashoko ekutengeserana uye zvekutarisa usati wasaina chibvumirano zvinofukidza divi rinoshanda remaitiro iwayo, uye misimboti yakajairika yakanyorwa mugwara redu remutemo wezvibvumirano muNetherlands.

Chekupedzisira, ramba kuda kuwedzera gwaro racho nekuda kwaro. Chibvumirano chakasimba chemasangano chine mapeji gumi nemashanu chinoenderana nemazvo nezvinyorwa 7:428 kusvika 7:445 BW chinokosha kupfuura mapeji makumi mana eboilerplate akakopwa kubva kudunhu rine mitemo isingashande.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve zvibvumirano zvemasangano

Chinangwa chechibvumirano chesangano ndechei?

Inopa murevereri akazvimirira simba rakatsanangurwa rekumiririra mukuru mumusika, uye inogadzirisa mamiriro ekutengeserana anoitika: dunhu, kusarudzwa, komisheni, kuzivisa uye kugumiswa. Kune mukuru inotenga nzvimbo yemuno isina muripo wemuhoro; kune mumiriri inochengetedza kodzero yepamutemo yekutumira, kuzivisa uye, pakupedzisira, inogona kuva nerubatsiro rwechipo chakanaka.

Chibvumirano chesangano chinogona kuitwa nemuromo here?

Ehe. Mutemo weDutch hauisi chisungo chefomu, uye chibvumirano chemumiriri chinogona kubva pamaitiro chete kana zvinhu zviri muchikamu 7:428 BW zvavapo. Chero bato ripi zvaro rinogona kukumbira gwaro rakasainwa rinonyora mitemo iripo. Pasina rimwe, gakava pamusoro pekomisheni nenzvimbo rinobva pakunyorerana netsamba nemainvoice, izvo zvisina kusimba pakubvunza chero hukuru.

Ko muripo werubatsiro rwechipo unogona kubviswa here?

Kwete pachine nguva. Mitemo yekudzivirira haifanirwe kubviswa kubva pakukuvadza kwemumiriri chibvumirano chisati chapera, saka kuregererwa muchibvumirano chekutanga hakuna zvakunobatsira. Kutsauka kunogoneka kana hukama hwapera, ndosaka chibvumirano chakanyorwa zvakanaka pakubuda kwacho chakakodzera kutaurirana. Kudzivirira hakufanirwewo kubhadharwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyorwa muchikamu 7:442 ndima 4 BW, uye kunopera zvachose kana mumiriri akasazvitora mukati megore rimwe chete rekugumisa chibvumirano.

Mumiriri wangu wezvekutengeserana mushandi here?

Kazhinji hazviiti, nekuti mumiriri anoshanda asingateereri uye ane njodzi yake yebhizinesi. Ongororo inoitwa pamusoro pechinhu chehukama hwese pane pane chinyorwa chiri muchibvumirano: mirairo yemaawa ekushanda, kubatanidzwa musangano remukuru wekambani, chisungo chekuita basa iye pachake uye kusavapo kwevamwe vatengi zvese zvinoratidza chibvumirano chebasa. Mutemo weDutch unoisa fungidziro inorambwa yekushanda iri pasi pemutero weawa wepamutemo wagamuchirwa, uye kutanga kushanda kuchagadzwa nemutemo wehumambo; kusvika panguva iyoyo bvunzo yemhosva iripo inoshanda.

Chibvumirano chesangano chinofanira kunyoreswa here?

Kwete. Hakuna gwaro repamutemo rezvibvumirano zvemabhizinesi muNetherlands. Mumiriri anonyoresa bhizinesi rake neChamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel) sezvinoita chero muzvinabhizinesi, uye marezinesi echiratidzo chekutengeserana anopiwa pamwe chete nesangano anogona kunyorwa zvakasiyana mugwaro rechiratidzo chekutengeserana chakakodzera.

Dare ripi rinonzwa gakava resangano

Dare redunhu (kantonrechter), pasinei nekukosha kwechikumbiro, pasi pechikamu 93 sub c cheMutemo weMaitiro eVanhu. Mapato anogona kubvumirana kuti nyaya igadziriswe. Zvikumbiro zvekubhadharwa kwemari isina kubhadharwa, muripo wekugumisa nyaya zvisiri pamutemo uye muripo werubatsiro rwechipo zvinowanzobatanidzwa pamwe chete muchikamu chimwe chete chezviitiko.

Kuronga kwemumiriri kwakachipa kupinda uye kunodhura kubuda zvakaipa. Kana uri kugadza mumiriri, kugumisa musangano, kana kutarisana nechikumbiro chekomisheni kana chirango cherubatsiro rwechipo, magweta epa Law & More Unogona kuongorora chibvumirano, kuongorora mamiriro acho uye kupa mazano enzira yacho nemhedzisiro yakanaka yekutengeserana. Tibate kuti tikurukure mamiriro ako ezvinhu.