Kupikisa kwehutungamiriri uye kukwidza nyaya muNetherlands: gwara rinotevedzana nhanho nhanho

Unopikisa chisarudzo chedare reDutch nenzira yakatarwa neGeneral Administrative Law Act (Algemene wet bestuursrecht, Awb): kutanga kupikisa dare rakatora chisarudzo, wozokwidza nyaya kudare rekutonga, wozokwidza nyaya kune rimwe rematare epamusoro ekutonga. Danho rega rega rine muganho wenguva yemavhiki matanhatu pasi pechinyorwa 6:7 Awb, uye kupikisa kana kukwidza nyaya kunonoka kunowanzo nzi hakugamuchirwi.

Chinhu chikuru chaunofanira kurangarira: kuisa chikumbiro chekupikisa hakumisi sarudzo. Pasi pechinyorwa 6:16, chisarudzo chinoramba chiripo panguva iyo chikumbiro chako chichiripo. Kana mvumo iri kuda kuparadza, kuvhara, kudzosa mari kana kudzinga, unoda chikumbiro chakasiyana chekubatsira kwenguva pfupi.

Ndeipi hurongwa hwemutemo hunoshanda kune zvinopesana nehutungamiriri?

Mutemo weAwb unoshanda kune masimba ese ekutonga, chero nyaya yacho iri kupi. Mitemo yezvikamu inowedzera mitemo mairi, asi haiwanzoitsiva.

Mutemo wekutonga weDutch wakanyorwa muAwb kubvira muna 1994. Mutemo uyu unosanganisira maguta, mapurovhinzi, mabhodhi emvura nemasangano enyika zvakafanana. Ongororo yedu yeGeneral Administrative Law Act inoratidza chimiro chayo.

Chii chinoonekwa sechisarudzo chaunogona kuramba?

Unogona kungoramba chisarudzo (besluit). Chinyorwa 1:3 Awb chinotsanangura ichi sechisarudzo chakanyorwa chehurumende ine mutemo wepamutemo weveruzhinji.

Magwaro akati wandei anoita semasarudzo asi haasi. Tsamba inongopa ruzivo chete haisi sarudzo. Uye kuziviswa kwechinangwa, chiito chechokwadi chakadai sekuputsa imba, kana mutemo wakajairika wakadai semutemo wekanzuru. Kuramba chero chipi zvacho cheizvi kuchanzi hakugamuchirwi.

Ndiani angaramba?

Munhu ane hanya chete (belanghebbende) ndiye anogona kuramba. Chinyorwa 1:2 Awb chinotsanangura izvi semunhu ane hanya zvakananga nechisarudzo chacho.

Zvaunofarira zvinofanira kunge zviri zvemunhu oga, zvinonzwisisika, zvemazuva ano uye zvako wega. Apa ndipo panowanzorasika zvirambidzo kubva kuvavakidzani, makwikwi nemapoka anofarira. Zvakakosha kuongorora pfungwa iyi usati wapedza nguva uchitaura nezvenyaya iyi.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanira kuteverwa nechiremera?

Vane masimba vanofanira kuremekedza misimboti yekutonga kwakakodzera, iyo AWB inoronga. Muchokwadi, misimboti iyi ndiyo inokonzeresa kuti urwise sarudzo.

• Kutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Chinyorwa 3:2 Awb inoda kuti simba riunganidze ruzivo rwakakosha rwechokwadi nezvaunofarira risati rasarudza.
• Zvikonzero. Zvinyorwa 3:46 na3:47 zvinoda kuti sarudzo ienderane nezvikonzero zvakakodzera, zvakataurwa kana sarudzo yaziviswa.
• Kuyera zvido. Chinyorwa 3:4 Awb inoda kuti pave nechiremera chekuyera zvido zvakananga zvine chekuita nazvo. Migumisiro yako inogona kunge isina kuenzana nechinangwa chesarudzo yacho.
• Hapana kushandisa simba zvisina kunaka. Chinyorwa 3:3 Awb inorambidza kushandisa simba kune chimwe chinangwa chisiri icho rakapihwa.
• Kunzwiwa pachine nguva. Chinyorwa 4:8 Awb inomanikidza vane masimba, mumamiriro ezvinhu akatsanangurwa, kuti vakubvumire kupa maonero ako vasati vatora sarudzo yausina kukumbira uye yaunotarisirwa kuramba.

Kuenzana kwave kwakakosha zvikuru. Matare ekutonga akawedzera ongororo yawo yezvese. Vabva padanho rekuremekedza zvakanyanya vakananga kuongororo yechokwadi yekukodzera, kudiwa uye kuenzana. Tinokurukura shanduko iyoyo munyaya yedu pamusoro peongororo itsva yekuenzanisa mumutemo wekutonga.

Ndezvipi zvisarudzo zvaunogona kupikisa, uye nenzira ipi?

Zvisarudzo zvizhinji zvinotevera nzira yakajairika: kuramba nyaya kutanga, wozokwidza nyaya kudare. Zvimwe zvisarudzo zvinodarika danho rekuramba nyaya, uye zvimwe kusawirirana hazviteveri nzira yekutonga zvachose.

Nzira yakajairika inosanganisira sarudzo dzakawanda dzinoitwa nemakanzuru, mapurovhinzi, mabhodhi emvura nemasangano enyika. Mienzaniso yakajairika ndeiyi:

• Zvibvumirano. Kuramba, kupa, kugadzirisa kana kubvisa chivako, mvumo yezvakatipoteredza kana yezviitiko. Vavakidzani nevamwe vanhu vechitatu vanogona kuramba, kwete munyoreri chete. Ona gwara redu rekuti mvumo yezvakatipoteredza.
• Mitero yekutonga. Zvirango zvinopihwa nevatariri vakaita seNetherlands Labour Authority (Nederlandse Arbeidsinspectie), Dutch Data Protection Authority (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens) kana NVWA. Zvirango izvi zvinorangwa, saka dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira dzinoshanda. Ona faindi yekutonga.
• Mirairo yekumanikidza. Murairo uri pasi pekutyisidzirwa kuti uchabhadharwa chirango kana kumanikidzwa nehutungamiriri, zvichikumanikidza kuti umise chiitiko kana kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Tinokurukura izvi munyaya yedu pamusoro pe gwaro rekubhadhara chirango.
• Mabhenefiti nemari inobhadharwa. Kuramba, kuderedza mari uye sarudzo dzekudzoserwa kwemari kubva kuUWV, SVB, kanzuru kana DUO.
• Rubatsiro. Kurambwa, kugadzwa kana kudzoserwa kwemari yerubatsiro, zvataurwa munyaya yedu pamusoro pe mutemo werubatsiro.
• Mitero nemitero. Mari dzinobhadharwa kubva kuTax Administration (Belastingdienst), kanzuru kana bhodhi remvura.
• Immigration. Sarudzo dzeIND pamusoro pemvumo yekugara uye kugadzwa kwenzvimbo, dzinotevera nzira yadzo.

Unoenda kudare riini zvakananga?

Unodarika danho rekupikisa apo chiremera chakashandisa nzira yakareba yekugadzirira veruzhinji yechikamu 3.4 Awb. Kana zvakadaro unokwidza nyaya yacho zvakananga kudare rekutonga.

Maitiro aya anowanzo shandiswa pakusarudza zvinhu zvikuru zvakatipoteredza nenzvimbo. Chisarudzo chekutanga chinoburitswa, uye chero ani zvake anogona kupa pfungwa dzake pamusoro pacho. Chisarudzo chacho pachacho chinotaura kuti ndeipi nzira inoshanda. Verenga chirevo ichocho usati waverenga chimwe chinhu.

Ndeapi makakatanwa asiri ekutonga zvachose?

Mari dzemitero yemumugwagwa, mirairo yemhosva dzemhosva uye gakava rerendi zvinowanzo fungidzirwa sesarudzo dzehutungamiri. Chimwe nechimwe chine nzira yacho.

Mari dzemumugwagwa dziri pasi pemutemo weWet administratiefrechtelijke handhaving verkeersvoorschriften, unozivikanwa seMulder fains, dzine maitiro adzo. Unotanga wakwidza nyaya yako kumuchuchisi wehurumende kuCVOM, wozoenda kudare redunhu (kantonrechter), wozoenda kuDare Repamusorosoro Arnhem-Leeuwarden. Murairo wechirango wakapihwa nemuchuchisi wehurumende (strafbeschikking) imhosva, kwete yekutonga. Unopikisa nekupa chirambidzo chepamutemo kubazi rezvekupomerwa mhosva, kwete nechiziviso chekupikisa pasi pemutemo weAwb.

Makakatanwa erendi anoenda kuDare reRent Tribunal (Huurcommissie). Rinosarudza pakati pemuridzi wemba nemurendi; hariongorore kushandiswa kwesimba rehurumende. Saka zvisarudzo zvaro hazvikwikwidzwe kudare rekutonga. Bato risingabvumirane rinogona kuunza nyaya yacho pamberi pekantonrechter mukati memavhiki masere. Mushure meizvozvo, sarudzo yacho inosunga pakati pemapato. Mitemo mikuru yakachinja zvakanyanya musi wa1 Chikunguru 2024 neWet betaalbare huur uye Wet vaste huurcontracten. Ona zvinyorwa zvedu pamusoro peHuurcommissie procedure neAffordable Rent Act.

CBR, iyo Dutch driver license authority, iri pakati. Sarudzo yekuti munhu haakodzeri kutyaira kana kuisa kosi yedzidzo inosungirwa isarudzo yehutungamiriri pasi peAwb. Inotevera nzira yakajairika yekupikisa, sezvatinotsanangura munyaya yedu pamusoro pemaitiro eCBR mushure mekuongororwa doro.

Unoita sei kuti upikise?

Unotumira chikumbiro chakasainwa kune vane masimba vakatora chisarudzo, mukati memavhiki matanhatu. Chikumbiro chinofanira kudoma chisarudzo chausingabvumirani nacho uye kutsanangura chikonzero chacho.

Chirambidzo (bezwaarschrift) chinoenda kune vane masimba pachavo, kwete kudare. Chinyorwa 6:5 Awb chinonyora zvinofanira kunge zvirimo: zita rako nekero, zuva, tsananguro yesarudzo yaunoramba, uye zvikonzero zvako. Chinofanira kusainwa.

Unogona kuitumira nemagetsi, asi chete kuburikidza nenzira yakatarwa nedare (chinyorwa 2:13 Awb). Fomu kana portal iri pawebhusaiti yedare ndiyo sarudzo yakachengeteka. Email yakajairika haigamuchirwi nguva dzose.

Nguva yemavhiki matanhatu inotanga uye inopera rini?

Mavhiki matanhatu ari pasi pechinyorwa 6:7 Awb anotanga pazuva rakatevera kuziviswa kwechisarudzo. Pachisarudzo chakatumirwa netsamba, ndiro zuva rakatevera kutumirwa kwacho, kwete zuva rawakachiverenga.

Chinyorwa 6:8 Awb chinotanga panotangira. Chinyorwa 6:9 Awb inochengetedza chirambidzo chakatumirwa nguva isati yapera iyo inosvika vhiki imwe chete mushure mayo. Gwaro redu renzira yekupikisa uye peji redu rekubatsira nechirambidzo rinotsanangura matanho anoshanda.

Ko kana nguva yako yekugadzirira nzvimbo yako yapera?

Isa chipikiso chepro forma. Iyi itsamba pfupi inoratidza chisarudzo, inotaura kuti unoramba uye inokumbira nguva yekuwedzera zvikonzero zvako.

Chinyorwa 6:6 Awb inoda kuti mvumo ikupe mukana wekugadzirisa dambudziko risati razivisa kuti nyaya yacho haigamuchirwi. Chiremera chinogadza nguva yeizvi, kazhinji mavhiki mashoma. Chausingakwanise kugadzirisa kunonoka kuendesa nyaya. Kunze kwechikamu 6:11 Awb, apo kunonoka kwaive kwakasununguka. Matare anoshandisa izvi zvakasimba: chirwere chakakomba chinogona kukodzera, zororo hariwanzoiti.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinonyanya kushanda?

Zvikonzero zvakasimba zvine chekuita nemaitiro, chokwadi kana mutemo. Danho rekupikisa nderekufungazve zvizere, saka unogona zvakare kuunza chokwadi chitsva.

Chiremera chinoongororazve sarudzo yacho maererano nezviripo uye mutemo sezvazviri kana chasarudza chirambidzo. Saka zvinhu zvitsva nemamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvinokosha. Izvozvo zvinobatsira zvikuru kupfuura danho rekukwidza nyaya. Ndosaka chirambidzo chako chichifanirwa kushanda nesimba uye chisingafanirwe kutorwa sechinyakare.

Gadzira nzvimbo yako seizvi:

• Zvikonzero zvemaitiro kurwisa kuti sarudzo yakaitwa sei: kuferefeta kusina kukwana pasi pechinyorwa 3:2 Awb, zvikonzero zvisipo pasi pechinyorwa 3:46 Awb, kana kutadza kukunzwa pachine nguva pasi pechinyorwa 4:8 Awb.
• Zvikonzero zvechokwadi kurwisa zvaitendwa nechiremera: chiyero chisina kururama, mari isiriyo, mushumo wakaverengwa zvisizvo, zuva risingaenderane nefaira.
• Zvikonzero zvepamutemo kurwisa mutemo wakashandiswa: chikamu chisina kururama, bvunzo isiriyo, kana kuverenga zvisiri izvo mitemo yemutemo yechiremera. Pasi pechinyorwa 4:84 Awb, chiremera chinofanira kutevedzera mitemo yacho yemutemo, kunze kwekunge mhedzisiro yacho isingaenzaniswi.

Kutaura nezvenyaya yakafanana iyo chiremera chimwe chete chakafunga zvakasiyana kazhinji kunoshanda. Nheyo yekuenzana inonyanya kurwadza kana chiremera chikasakwanisa kutsanangura musiyano.

Unogona kuona faira racho here, uye pachava nekutongwa here?

Ehe. Chinyorwa 7:4 Awb chinokupa mukana wekuwana faira, uye chikamu 7:2 Awb chinokupa kodzero yekunzwikwa usati wasarudza pane zvaunopikisa.

Magwaro ane chekuita nenyaya yacho anofanira kunge aripo kuti aongororwe kweinenge vhiki imwe chete nyaya isati yatanga. Unogona kutumira mamwe magwaro kusvika mazuva gumi nyaya isati yatanga. Kukumbira faira kunowanzo batsira. Zvinyorwa zvemukati, mishumo yekuongorora uye mazano evamwe vanhu zvinowanzo ratidza mufananidzo wakasiyana netsamba yesarudzo.

Kunzwa kwenyaya iyi kunogona kutungamirwa nevakuru vehurumende kana nekomiti yemazano yakazvimirira, iyo inoshandiswa nemakanzuru mazhinji. Matauriro acho haana kurongeka, asi mhedzisiro yacho haisiyo. Ndiyo nguva iyo kusanzwisisana kwechokwadi kunogona kugadziriswa mumaminitsi mashoma.

Kumbira faira riri pasi pechinyorwa 7:4 Awb kana wangoisa chipikiso. Tsamba yesarudzo ipfupiso yakanyorwa nechiremera; faira ndiro rainyatsovimba naro.

Chiremera chine nguva yakareba sei yekusarudza?

Chiremera chinofanira kusarudza mukati memavhiki matanhatu mushure mekupera kwenguva yekupikisa, kana mavhiki gumi nemaviri apo komiti yekupa mazano inobatanidzwa. Izvi zvinotevera kubva muchinyorwa 7:10 Awb.

Chiremera chinogona kuwedzera nguva iyoyo kamwe chete nemavhiki matanhatu. Kuwedzera kumwe kunogoneka chete kana iwe uchibvumira.

Ungadzivisa sei chisarudzo kuti chisashande?

Munonyorera kumutongi wedare rekutonga kuti muwane danho rekukurumidza pasi pechinyorwa 8:81 Awb. Munogona kuita izvi kana mangopedza kupokana kana kukwidza nyaya.

Nekuti chinyorwa 6:16 Awb chinoramba kuti nyaya yacho yamiswa, sarudzo yacho inoramba ichishanda panguva iyo ichiongororwa. Mutemo wekuvharwa kwenzvimbo yacho unovhara, sarudzo yekudzoserwa kwenzvimbo inounganidzwa, uye kuputswa kwenzvimbo kunoenderera mberi. Rubatsiro rwechinguvana ndiyo nzira yekudzivirira izvozvo.

Mutongi wepanguva pfupi anoongorora chii?

Mutongi anoshandisa bvunzo mbiri: nyaya yacho ndeyekukurumidzira here, uye zvido zvinoenzana sei? Kukurumidzira ndiko kunokundikana kukumbira zvakawanda.

Nyaya yacho inokurumidza kana kumirira sarudzo yekuramba nyaya yacho kuchizokonzera migumisiro isingakwanise kutarisirwa kana kugadziriswa. Mutongi anobva aongorora zvido zvechinguvana, achifunga nezvezvingangoitika zvekuramba kwako nyaya yacho. Kushaya mari kunogona kubhadharwa gare gare hakuwanzoitiki nekukurumidza.

Maitiro acho anokurumidza, anowanzo sarudzwa mukati memavhiki, uye ane muripo wawo wedare. Chinyorwa 8:86 Awb chinobvumira mutongi, kana nyaya yacho yakajeka, kutonga nyaya yacho panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kumanikidza maitiro marefu kuti ave kunzwa kumwe chete.

Chikumbiro chekuregererwa kwenguva pfupi chinowanzoita kuti chiremera chitariswe. Chiremera chinofanira kuburitsa faira nekukurumidza uye kudzivirira mutongo wacho pamberi pemutongi panguva pfupi. Dzimwe nyaya dzinogadziriswa nyaya isati yatanga kunzwiwa.

Ungaitei kana vane masimba vakasasarudza nenguva?

Unotumira chiziviso chakanyorwa chekusaita basa (ingebrekestelling). Kana dare risingasarudze mukati memavhiki maviri, unogona kukwidza nyaya yacho zvakananga kudare uchipikisa kukundikana kusarudza.

Chiziviso chekusabhadhara chikwereti chinotaura kuti nguva yakatarwa kana kuti ine musoro yapera uye chinoda sarudzo. Pasi pechinyorwa 4:17, simba rine mavhiki maviri. Kana richiramba risingasarudze, rinokubhadhara chirango chezuva rega rega rekunonoka. Mutemo unovhara huwandu hwezuva nezuva nenhamba yemazuva.

Chinyorwa 6:12 Awb inokubvumira kukwidza nyaya yako zvakananga kudare rekutonga kana ukatadza kusarudza, pasina danho rekupikisa. Dare rinogona kuraira vane masimba kuti vasarudze mukati menguva yakatarwa, vachityisidzirwa kuti vachabhadharwa imwe mari yechirango.

Izvi zvinoshandawo here kuIND?

Chikamu. Mari yekubhadharwa kwezvisarudzo zvinononoka haichashandi kune zvisarudzo zveIND, saka munhu anenge achimirira sarudzo yekugara haafanire kuvimba nayo.

Nyaya yekukwidza nyaya yekukundikana kusarudza pasi pechinyorwa 6:12 Awb ichiripo. Munyaya dzekutama kwevanhu, ndiyo nzira inoshanda yekudzivisa kunonoka. Nyaya dzedu pamusoro pekuramba kana kukwidza nyaya yekukwidza nyaya yekusarurwa kwemutongo weIND uye pakurasikirwa nemvumo yekugara dzinoenderana nemaitiro iwayo.

Unokwidza sei nyaya yako kudare rekutonga?

Kana kuramba kwenyu kukarambwa, kana kubvumidzwa chikamu chimwe chete, munogona kukwidza nyaya yenyu kudare redunhu (rechtbank). Nguva yakatarwa ndeye mavhiki matanhatu zvakare kubva pazuva rakatorwa sarudzo yekuramba.

Chiziviso chako chekukwidza nyaya chinofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemukati zvakafanana nepfungwa yekupikisa. Dare redunhu raunogara kana rawakagadzwa rinowanzova nesimba. Unogona kuendesa nyaya yacho papepa kana, kune dzimwe nyaya dzakawanda, uchishandisa dhijitari.

Kukwidza nyaya kunodhura marii?

Unobhadhara mari yedare (griffierecht). Mari yacho inosiyana kune vanhu nemasangano epamutemo, inotarwa nemutemo uye inonyorwa gore rega rega; rechtspraak.nl inoburitsa mari dziripo.

Pasi pechinyorwa 8:74 Awb dare rinorayira mvumo yekudzosera mari yacho kana nyaya yako yekukwidza nyaya ikabudirira. Kupihwa kwemari yematare pasi pechinyorwa 8:75 Awb kunotevera hurongwa hwemapoinzi akatarwa, kwete mari chaiyo yawakashandisa.

Unoda gweta here?

Kwete, kumiririrwa kwemutemo hakusi kwemutemo mukutonga. Chinyorwa 8:24 Awb inobvumira chero munhu kukubatsira kana kukumiririra.

Rubatsiro rwezvemitemo runowanikwa kana mari yako nezvinhu zvako zvikawira pasi pezvinodiwa neLegal Aid Board (Raad voor Rechtsbijstand). Peji redu rinotaura zvinorehwa nekumiririrwa kwemutemo rinotsanangura sarudzo. Magweta edu ekukwirira nyaya anogona kutora faira chero nguva, uye peji redu regweta rezvemitemo rinotsanangura kuti tinobatsira sei nekupikisa nekukwidza nyaya.

Dare rinobata sei nyaya yacho?

Chiremera chinoendesa faira renyaya yacho pamwe neshoko rekudzivirira, uye kunzwa kwenyaya kunotevera. Mutongi anoongorora kana mutongo wacho uri pamutemo.

Unogona kupindura nekunyora. Pasi pechinyorwa 8:58 Awb unogona kutumira mamwe magwaro kusvika mazuva gumi nyaya isati yasvika; chero chinhu chipi zvacho chingazoregeredzwa gare gare. Chinyorwa 8:57 Awb inobvumira dare kusarudza pasina kunzwa nyaya kana mapato ese achibvumirana.

Pakutongwa kwenyaya, mutongi mumwe chete anogara munyaya zhinji uye kamuri rine vatongi vatatu rinogara munyaya dzakaoma. Mutongi anobvunza mativi ese ari maviri. Maitiro acho ndeekubvunzurudza kwete ekurwisana: dare rinoongorora kuti chisarudzo chacho chakarurama here; haritongi makwikwi.

Chinyorwa 8:66 Awb inoda mutongo mukati memavhiki matanhatu kubva pakupera kwenyaya, uye inogona kuwedzerwa kamwe chete nemavhiki matanhatu. Kana nyaya yacho yakwidzwa, dare rinodzima mutongo wacho. Rinowanzo raira vane masimba kuti vatore mutongo mutsva kana, kana mhedzisiro yacho yakajeka, vosarudza nyaya yacho pachavo pasi peChinyorwa 8:72 Awb. Dare rinogona zvakare kushandisa nzira yekutonga (bestuurlijke lus), ichipa vane masimba mukana wekugadzirisa dambudziko iri nyaya ichiripo.

Dare ripi rinonzwa imwe nyaya yekukwidzwa kwenyaya?

Izvi zvinoenderana nemusoro wenyaya. Netherlands haina dare repamusoro-soro, uye kusarudza risiri iro kunogona kukutorera mavhiki ako matanhatu.

• Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State. Dare reHurumende reHurumende ndiro dare repamusoro-soro repamusoro: kuronga nzvimbo, mvumo dzezvakatipoteredza, kusimbiswa kwemutemo, kutamira kune dzimwe nyika, kurongeka kwevanhu uye zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvemakanzuru nemapazi.
• Centrale Raad van Beroep. Dare Repamusorosoro reDare Repamusorosoro ndiro dare repamusoro-soro rinoona nezvekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu nemabasa ehurumende: UWV, SVB, mabhenefiti ekutora chikamu, mari yevadzidzi uye mabasa ehurumende. Kazhinji mitongo yaro ndiyo yekupedzisira.
• College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven. Dare Repamusoro reTrade and Industry Appeals rinonzwa mutemo wezvehupfumi: zvisarudzo zveACM, AFM neDNB, mitemo yezvekurima nemusika, uye nyaya dzekuranga maakaunzi.
• Gerechtshof naHoge Raad. Nyaya dzemitero dzinotevera nzira yepamutemo padanho rekukwirira: kukwidza nyaya kudare repamusoro (gerechtshof) uye kudzoserwa kuDare Repamusorosoro (Hoge Raad). Dare Repamusorosoro rinoongorora mashandisirwo emutemo, kwete chokwadi.

Musiyano uripo pakati pematare makuru nematare akasarudzika ndewekutonga, kwete hutungamiriri. Centrale Raad van Beroep neCollege van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven havasi mitumbi yepakati; imwe neimwe iri pamusoro pebazi rayo. Ongororo yedu yematare eDutch uye maitiro ekukwidza nyaya pachisarudzo inoisa nzira idzi mumamiriro ezvinhu, uye mutemo weDutch wakatsanangurwa unopa chimiro chakakura.

Dare repamusoro rinoongorora chii?

Kukwidza nyaya zvakare (hoger beroep) hakusi kutanga patsva. Dare repamusoro rinoongorora mutongo wedare redunhu richipikisa zvikonzero zvauri kutaura.

Zvikonzero zvausina kuisa kudare rekutanga hazviwanzo tariswa. Zvakawanikwa hazvitariswe zvakanyanya kupfuura mibvunzo yemutemo. Kududzirwa kwemutemo kunogona kuongororwa zvizere; kuongororwa kweuchapupu hwehunyanzvi kushoma.

Mugumisiro unoshanda: kuvaka nyaya yako nemazvo pakutanga. Nyaya isina kutaurwa pakukwirira nyaya kudare redunhu inowanzo shaikwa zvachose. Ndiyo chikamu chikuru chechikonzero chekutora mazano emutemo usati wasvika padanho iroro pane kuti mushure maro.

Unogona kuvimba nemutemo weEurope here?

Ehe. Kana nyaya yako iri pasi pemutemo weEU, unogona kushandisa zviri mukati mayo zvakananga, uye zvinotora nzvimbo yekutanga pane mitemo yenyika inopikisana.

Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika mumutemo wezvakatipoteredza, kutenga kweveruzhinji, rubatsiro rwehurumende, kurima, kuchengetedzwa kwedata uye kufamba kwakasununguka. Chibvumirano cheKodzero Dzekutanga chinoshanda pese panoshandiswa mutemo weEU nenyika.

Dare renyika rinogona, uye dare rekupedzisira, kutumira mubvunzo wekududzira kuDare reJustice reEuropean Union. Nyaya dzenyika dzinobva dzamiswa kusvika mhinduro yasvika. Chibvumirano cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights chinoshanda pamwe chete nemutemo weEU. Chinyorwa 6 (kunzwa kwakanaka) nechikamu 1 cheFirst Protocol (kuchengetedzwa kwepfuma) zvinogara zvichishandiswa pamusoro pemari dzekutonga uye zvisarudzo zvekudzoserwa kwemhosva.

Kubudirana pachena uye kuvanzika zvinobatwa sei mukuita izvi?

Nyaya dzehutungamiriri dzinowanzoitwa pachena, uye mapato anoona faira racho. Nyaya dzemitero ndidzo dzisingawanzoitiki: nyaya dzavo hadzisi dzeveruzhinji.

Nyaya dziri kumatare edzimhosva dzinoitwa pachena, uye mitongo inoburitswa pachena. Kodzero yekuwana faira, pasi pechinyorwa 7:4 Awb mukupikisa uye chinyorwa 8:42 Awb mukukwidza nyaya, haisi yakakwana. Chinyorwa 8:29 Awb chinobvumira munhu ane simba, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinomanikidza, kutumira magwaro anogona kuonwa nedare chete. Dare rinozosarudza kana muganho iwoyo wakakodzera. Mumwe munhu anofanira kubvuma dare risati ravimba nezvinhu zvisina kuonekwa nebato.

Ruzivo rwemunhu muhurongwa uhwu rwunodzivirirwa neGDPR (AVG) neUitvoeringswet AVG. Chiremera chinogona kugadzirisa chete zvachinoda pakusarudza uye maitiro acho. Mapoka akakosha akadai sedata rehutano anowana dziviriro yakawedzerwa. Unogona kukumbira magwaro anonyanya kukuvadza kuti adzivirirwe kubva kune vamwe mapato. Dare rinoyera izvozvo richipesana nepfungwa yekuti munhu wese anogona kupindura kune zvinoshandiswa pakurwisa ivo. Chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pemutemo wekuchengetedzwa kwedata weDutch chinotsanangura hurongwa hwacho.

Kupindirana inzira yekusarudza here?

Kazhinji, hongu. Kana gakava riri pamusoro pehukama hwakaputsika kwete mubvunzo wepamutemo, kuyananisa kunogona kuva nzira inokurumidza.

Vakuru vazhinji vanopa hurukuro isina kurongeka kana kuti kutaurirana zvisina kurongeka nguva isati yasvika kana panguva yekupikisa. Mapeji edu pamusoro pekugadzirisa gakava uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana anotsanangura mashandiro azvo.

Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvinoita kuti zvipikiso nezvikumbiro zvikundikane?

Zvikanganiso zvishanu zvinoita kuti zvipikiso zvakawanda uye zvikumbiro zvikundikane zvisati zvatombofungwa nezvazvo. Chimwe nechimwe chinogona kudzivirirwa.

• Kuverenga kubva pazuva risiri iro. Mavhiki matanhatu anotangira pazuva rakatevera kutumirwa kwechisarudzo, kwete kubva pazuva rawakachigamuchira. Chengeta humbowo hwekuti wakatumira riini kana kuti wakatumira kupikisa kwako.
• Kuramba chimwe chinhu chisiri chisarudzo. Kuziviswa kwechinangwa, chikumbiro cheruzivo kana chiito chechokwadi hazvigone kurambwa. Mirira chisarudzo chacho pachacho; panguva ino, pindura nepfungwa yakanyorwa pane kungotaura zvisina musoro.
• Kusakumbira rubatsiro rwechinguvana. Nekuti chisarudzo chinoramba chichishanda, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anogona kusagadziriswa panguva yekupikisa. Kurambidzwa kwemwedzi yakati wandei gare gare hakugadzirise chivakwa chakaputswa kana kuvhurazve bhizinesi rakavharika.
• Kutora kuramba sechiito chepamutemo. Kuchengetedza nharo dzako dzechokwadi kudare kune njodzi. Danho rekupikisa ndiro chete danho apo vane masimba vanoongororazve nyaya yacho zvizere, kusanganisira chokwadi chitsva, uye zvikonzero zvisina kutaurwa pakutanga zvakaoma kuzvitaura gare gare.
• Kusateerera chikumbiro cheruzivo. Kana chiremera chikakumbira magwaro avanoda, chikamu 4:5 Awb chinochibvumira kuramba kufunga nezvechikumbiro chisina kukwana. Sarudzo inozobuda yakaoma zvikuru kurwisa.

Matanho api aunofanira kutevera?

Shandisa runyorwa rwezviri pazasi paunongogamuchira sarudzo. Matanho maviri ekutanga anotora maminetsi uye anodzivisa zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika.

1. Verenga tsamba yesarudzo yerwendo nenguva yakatarwa, wobva waisa zuva racho mudhayari yako nekukasika.
2. Tarisa kana uri munhu anofarira uye kana gwaro racho riri sarudzo iri muchikamu 1:3 Awb.
3. Isa chikumbiro chepro forma kana nguva iri pfupi, wobva wakumbira faira iri pasi pechinyorwa 7:4 Awb.
4. Ongorora nguva yekukurumidzira. Kana sarudzo yacho ikatanga kushanda ipapo ipapo, gadzirira chikumbiro pasi pechinyorwa 8:81 Awb.
5. Ronga zvikonzero zvako mumapoka matatu (maitiro, chokwadi, mutemo), rimwe nerimwe riine gwaro rinozvipupurira.
6. Pinda mudare, uye simbisa chero chinhu chakabvumiranwa ipapo nekunyora mushure mezvo.
7. Kana chisarudzo chekuramba nyaya yacho chikakupikisa, sarudza mukati memavhiki matanhatu kana uchida kukwidza nyaya yacho, uye tevera mazano nguva iyoyo isati yapera.

Muchidimbu

• Unopikisa chisarudzo chekutonga cheDutch nekuramba, wobva wakwidza nyaya yacho kudare redunhu, wozokwidza nyaya yacho kudare repamusoro-soro rine hunyanzvi.
• Danho rega rega rine muganho wenguva yemavhiki matanhatu, kutanga pazuva rakatevera kutumirwa kwechisarudzo (zvinyorwa 6:7 na 6:8 Awb).
• Kuramba hakumisi chisarudzo; kumbira rubatsiro rwechinguvana pasi pechinyorwa 8:81 Awb kana nyaya yacho iri yekukurumidzira.
• Danho rekupikisa nderekufungazve zvizere: taura zvikonzero zvako zvese uye chokwadi chitsva ipapo, uye kumbira faira racho.
• Kana chiremera chikasasarudza nenguva, tumira chiziviso chekusaita basa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kumbira kukwidza nyaya yekukundikana kusarudza.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Pazasi pane mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pekuramba uye kukwidzwa kwenyaya kunopesana nezvisarudzo zvevakuru vakuru veNetherlands.

Hauzive kuti uri papi? Tiudze nezvemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Tichakuzivisa zvaungasarudza mukati mezuva rimwe chete rekushanda.