Mutongi weDutch anogona kubhadharisa kambani yako faindi pasina kuenda kudare. Anoferefeta, anotonga, uye anotumira bhiri. Faindi yacho chirango, saka dziviriro dzekutongwa kwakarurama dzinoshanda kubva pamubvunzo wekutanga wemuongorori - asi chete kune kambani inoziva kuti inadzo. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezveanobhadharisa ani faindi uye chii, maitiro acho anoitwa sei, mari yacho inotarwa uye inoderedzwa sei, uye zvekuita pazuva iroro.
Chii chinonzi faindi yekutonga
Faindi yekutonga ibasa risina muripo wekubhadhara mari, rinoiswa nevakuru vakuru sechirango chekutyora mutemo wepamutemo (art. 5:40 Awb). Hurongwa hwacho huri muChinyorwa 5.4 cheAlgemene wet bestuursrecht ("Awb"); mutemo wega wega wechikamu unobva wataura kuti ndeapi mapfumo anogona kubhadhariswa faindi uye kusvika papi pahuwandu.
Zvinhu zviviri zvinoshamisa makambani epasi rose. Hapana muchuchisi kana mutongi anobatanidzwa: mutongi anokuongorora anotongawo kuti uri kutyora mutemo uye anotara mari yacho. Uye kutonga kwematare kunouya mushure mezvo, kana ukabvunza, mukati menguva pfupi - unorasikirwa neumwe uye unobhadhariswa faindi zvisiri pamutemo.
Kuranga kana kugadzirisa: musiyano unodzora zvese
Mutemo wekutonga weDutch unopatsanura zvirango muzvikamu zviviri (art. 5:2 Awb). Chirango chekutsiva (herstelsanctie) chinogumisa kutyorwa kwemutemo, chinodzivisa kudzokorora kana kubvisa mhedzisiro yacho - kazhinji murairo unobhadharwa chirango ( last onder dwangsom , art. 5:31d Awb). Chirango chekuranga (bestraffende sanctie) chinokuvadza mutadzi. Faini yekutonga ndiyo chirango chepamutemo, uye nekudaro "mhosva yemhosva" mukati mechirevo cheart. 6 ECHR. Dziviriro dzinosungirirwa dzisingabatanidzi murairo wekugadzirisa.
| Chirango: faindi yekutonga | Kugadzirisa: murayiro unobhadharwa nechirango | |
|---|---|---|
| chinangwa | Ranga kukanganisa kwakaitika | Kugumisa kana kubvisa kutyorwa |
| Mari inobhadharwa | Nguva dzose - kutyorwa kwemutemo chete ndiko kunokonzera izvozvo | Kana chete ukatadza kutevedzera nenguva |
| Kuda mhosva here? | Ehe (mufananidzo 5:41 Awb) | Kwete; kutyorwa kwacho kwakakwana |
| Kodzero yekunyarara | Ehe (mufananidzo 5:10a Awb) | Kwete; basa rekushandira pamwe rinoshanda (art. 5:20 Awb) |
| Ne bis in idem | Ehe (mufananidzo 5:43 Awb) | Kwete; kudzokorora maodha kunogoneka |
| Rufu rwemutadzi | Kukanganisa kwakanaka (art. 5:42 Awb) | Mutoro unogona kupfuura |
Vatongi vanowanzo sanganisa zviviri izvi - faindi yezvakaitika, murairo wezvinofanira kuchinja - sezvisarudzo zvakasiyana zvine nguva yakatarwa yakasiyana.
Vatongi vanovaisa kupi, uye chii
basa
- Wet arbeid vreemdelingen (Wav) — kushandisa munhu wekune imwe nyika asina mvumo inodiwa. "Mushandirwi" wakakura nemaune: chero munhu akashanda basa rake mubasa kana bhizinesi anokodzera, saka mutengi, anohaya vashandi vesangano kana kontrakita mukuru anogona kubhadhariswa faindi yemushandi wemumwe munhu. Mari yacho yakatarwa muBeleidsregel boeteoplegging Wav, iyo inotara mari yakajairika pamushandi anoshanda zvisiri pamutemo, yakaderera kune munhu chaiye pane yepamutemo kana bhizinesi, nekuwedzera kwe50, 100 kana 200 muzana yekudzokorora mukati memakore mashanu. Mutemo iwoyo wemutemo unoburitswa muStaatscourant uye unogadziriswa nguva nenguva, saka tarisa shanduro iri kushanda pazuva rekutyorwa kwemutemo.
- Waadi — mutengesi nemubhadhari vanogona kubhadhariswa faindi kana mutengesi asina kunyoreswa nemazvo muCommercial Register semukweretesi wevashandi. Faindi inoverengerwa mumapoka ekupedzisira nenhamba yevashandi vanobatanidzwa, zvakatarwa mumutemo wefaindi unoshanda.
- Arbowet — hutano nekuchengetedzeka (art. 34 Arbowet), nezvikamu zvinotangira pamazana mashoma emaeuro kusvika kuzviuru zvakati wandei, uye mari yakakura zvikuru yekukundikana kushuma tsaona yakakomba nekukasika. Zviverengero zvinoshanda kana tsaona yakakonzera rufu kana kugara muchipatara; kudzikiswa kunoshanda kune vashandirwi vadiki.
- Arbeidstijdenwet uye mutemo wemuhoro wepasi.
Rutsigiro rwekutamira kune dzimwe nyika
Mari yeIND inobhadharisa vatsigiri (erkend referenten) pasi pechikamu 55a Vw 2000 nekuda kwekutyora mabasa ekuzivisa, kuchengeta zvinyorwa uye kutarisirwa - semuenzaniso kukundikana kuzivisa mukati memavhiki mana kuti mushandi anotsigirwa aenda kana kuti muhoro waderera pasi pechikumbaridzo. IND inoburitsa mabasa kwete mari; mari yakajairika yakatarwa mumitemo yekushandisa pasi peVreemdelingenwet 2000, kwete mumutemo weWav fining. Kuonekwa kukuru kazhinji hakusi faindi asi kumiswa kana kubviswa kwechimiro chemutsigiri anozivikanwa, izvo zvinomisa nzira yako yekuhaya.
Makwikwi, kutarisirwa kwemari, kuchengetedzwa kwedata uye nharaunda
- ACM — makwikwi nemutemo wevatengi. Mari yepamusoro yepamutemo ihuwandu hwakatarwa pakutyora mutemo kana, kana yakakwira, 1 muzana yemari inobuda pagore, ichikwira kusvika 10 muzana yemakambani ekutengesa zvinhu zvisina kunaka uye kushandisa simba zvisina kunaka — ichisvika 40 muzana yekutyora mutemo kwemakore akawanda, yakapetwa kaviri kune vanodzokorora kutyora mutemo. 12m Instellingswet ACM, iyo inofukidza zvese kutyora mutemo kwemakwikwi uye kukundikana kutevedzera chisarudzo chekuzvipira chakaziviswa pasi pemutemo. 12h Instellingswet ACM, pamwe nekutyora mutemo wekushandira pamwe nekuferefeta pasi pemutemo. 5:20 Awb.
- AFM neDNB — art. 1:80 Wft, nehuwandu hwekutanga uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwakatarwa nechikamu pasi pe art. 1:81 Wft muchirevo chekushandisa chechikamu chezvemari, icho chinogadziriswa nguva nenguva. Masimba akafanana aripo pasi pe Wwft, Wtt 2018 uye Pensioenwet.
- Chiremera cheData Yega — art. 83 GDPR: €10 miriyoni kana 2 muzana yemari inoshandiswa pasi rose, uye €20 miriyoni kana 4 muzana, nekutyorwa kwemutemo.
- mhepo mvura nenzvimbo — ichiri kudzorwa nemirairo yekugadzirisa, asi masimba ekubhadharisa aripo ezvivakwa zvine njodzi huru (Seveso) (art. 18.11 Omgevingswet) uye mitemo yekuvaka nekugadzirisa (art. 18.12 Omgevingswet).
Dziviriro, nekuti faindi imhosva yemhosva
- Kodzero yekunyarara, uye yambiro. Hapana anosungirwa kupindura mibvunzo nechinangwa chekurangwa, uye anofanira kuudzwa izvozvo pachine nguva (art. 5:10a Awb). Dhipatimendi reHurumende reHurumende rakaita musi wa27 Chikumi 2018 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2115) kuti yambiro inofanira kuitwa kamwe chete, kana yatongwa neanoona zvakanaka, mubvunzo wacho wakanangana nekuranga munhu iyeye — kwete pachisarudzo chemuongorori. Mashoko akatorwa asina kutaurwa haagoni kushandiswa sehumbowo.
- Kufungidzira kuti hauna mhosva. Chiremera chinofanira kuratidza kutyorwa kwemutemo, uye hapana faindi inogona kubhadhariswa chero bedzi isingakwanise kunzi yaitwa kwauri (art. 5:41 Awb).
- Kodzero yekunzwikwa chisarudzo chisati chaitwa (art. 5:53 Awb) uye zvakare padanho rekupikisa (art. 7:2 Awb).
- Kodzero yekuongorora faira — data riripo, uye rinonyorwa (art. 5:49 Awb). Bvunza nekunyora, nekukurumidza.
- Mumiriri wemutemo mukubata kwese nechiremera (art. 2:1 Awb), kusanganisira panguva yekuongorora.
- Dudziro nekushandura kana zvichidikanwa kuti dziviriro ishande (art. 5:49 Awb uye art. 5:50 Awb) — haishandiswi zvakakwana nemakambani anotungamirirwa nedzimwe nyika.
Maitiro acho, nhanho nhanho
Kana faindi ichigona kudarika €340, nzira inorema inoshanda (art. 5:53 Awb): mushumo unofanirwa kunyorwa uye unofanira kupihwa mukana wekupindura. Pasi payo, matanho ese ari maviri anogona kusiiwa.
| Stage | Chii chinoitika | Deadline |
|---|---|---|
| kuonorora | Kushanya panzvimbo, kubvunzurudzwa, magwaro uye zvikumbiro zvemubhadharo | Hapana chakagadziriswa |
| Boeterapport | Mushumo utaure zita remunhu akapara mhosva, maitiro ake uye mutemo waakatyora (art. 5:48 Awb) | Kopi kuti ikusvikei nekuzivisa nezve faindi |
| Ziviso yechinangwa | Faindi inotarisirwa uye chikonzero chayo; mushumo unotumirwa pamwe chete nayo (art. 5:50 Awb) | - |
| Zienswijze | Mhinduro yako yakanyorwa kana yemuromo — mukana wekutanga chaiwo wekuchinja mhedzisiro | Kazhinji mavhiki maviri; kuwedzerwa kunogoneka |
| Chisarudzo | Mutongo wekugumisa kudoma mutadzi uye huwandu hwemari (art. 5:52 Awb) | Mavhiki gumi nematatu kubva pazuva remushumo (art. 5:51 Awb) |
| mubhadharo | Kubhadhara faindi | Mavhiki matanhatu mushure mekuziviswa (art. 4:87 Awb) |
| Chinhu chinoramba | Bezwaar kune chiremera pachacho | Mavhiki matanhatu (art. 6:7 Awb) |
Nguva yemavhiki gumi nematatu inguva yekuraira: kuipfuura hazviiti kuti faindi isashande.
Zvaunotaura panguva yekuongorora zvinova humbowo
Mari dzefaindi dzinowanzo bva pamashoko akatorwa kubva kumaneja, vatariri nevashandi vemuchitoro panguva yekushanya, akanyorwa muboeterapport obva ashandiswa sechokwadi chakasimbiswa. Matare eDutch anosimbisa humbowo hwakakosha pamushumo wakanyorwa nemaneja ane mvumo, uye kupikisa izvozvo gore rakatevera, kubva mundangariro, hazviwanzo shanda.
Pane kusawirirana kwechokwadi. Art. 5:20 Awb inomanikidza munhu wese kuti ape maneja kushandira pamwe kwaanogona kukumbira: kuwana, magwaro aripo, zvinyorwa. Kana mubvunzo wacho wave kunangana nekukuranga, art. 5:10a Awb inotora nzvimbo. Muchokwadi: tumira magwaro aripo akazvimiririra; nyatsochenjerera netsananguro dzenyaya dzekuti ndiani akasarudza chii uye ndiani aiziva chii, nekuti idzo dzinosimbisa mhosva uye basa rechokwadi. Vashandi vanobvunzwa sevapupuri havafanirwe kungwarira, uye zvavanotaura zvinogona kushandiswa kukupikisa.
Marii, uye nei faindi dzichideredzwa
Nguva yepamusoro yekutyorwa kwemutemo wega wega inotarwa nemutemo (art. 5:46 Awb). Vatongi vazhinji vanoburitsa mitemo yemutemo wefaini mukati mechikamu ichocho (beleidsregels, art. 4:81 Awb), iyo inosunga simba asi isingabvise mabasa maviri. Kana mari yacho isina kutarwa nemutemo, faini inofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nekukomba kwekutyorwa kwemutemo uye mwero wemhosva; kana yatarwa, faini yakaderera inofanira kupihwa kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha akaita kuti ikwire zvakanyanya (art. 5:46 Awb). Simba rinofanirawo kusiya mutemo waro apo kuushandisa kwaizova kusina kuenzana (art. 4:84 Awb). Dare rinoongorora huwandu hwacho zvizere uye rinogona kugadzirisa faini pacharo. Nharo dzinobudirira mukushanda:
- Kusava nemhosva yakakwana. Musi wa13 Chikunguru 2022 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2022:1973) Dhipatimendi reHurumende reHurumende rakaona mutemo weWav fining usina musoro nekuda kwekutadza kusiyanisa mazinga emhosva uye rakashandisa chikero chakapedza kudzidza - chinangwa, kushaya hanya kukuru, mhosva yakajairika, mhosva yakaderera. Faindi yakadonha kubva pa€36,000 kusvika pa€18,000. Pfungwa yekupikisa: musi wa17 Gunyana 2025 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2025:4419) Dhipatimendi rakati mabhizinesi anotarisirwa kuzvizivisa nezvemitemo inoshanda, kusanganisira yakagadziriswa nguva pfupi yadarika - kusaziva hakusi chikonzero.
- Kukwanisa kubhadhara kwakaderera. Maakaundi egore negore uye nhamba dziripo zvinogona kuderedza faindi kana kuti kuita kuti pave nehurongwa hwekubhadhara. Zvikumbiro zvisina maakaundi hazvishande.
- Kushandira pamwe nekugadzirisa. Kuzvipa mhosva, kugumisa kutyorwa kwemutemo nekukasika uye kuisa matanho ekutevedzera mitemo zvese zvinoderedza dambudziko.
- Kureba kwakanyanya kwenyaya yacho. Nguva yakakodzera pasi pechikamu 6 cheECHR inowanzotanga nemutemo waunogona kufunga kuti faindi yaizotevera - kazhinji chiziviso chechinangwa - nemakore angangoita maviri sechiratidzo chekupikisa uye kukwidza nyaya yekutanga pamwe chete. Dhipatimendi reHurumende rinotevedzera mutsetse weCBb uye rinoshandisa chiyero chakatarwa: muchimiro kudzikiswa kwe5 muzana apo kuwanda kwenyaya kuri kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu uye 10 muzana kana kuri kwenguva refu, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakakwana. CBb yakasimbisa musi wa15 Chikunguru 2025 (ECLI:NL:CBB:2025:372) kuti kuwanda kwenyaya kusvika kumwedzi gumi nemiviri muganho i€2,500, uye mukana wekugadzirisa nyaya kupfuura.
- Hapana kutyorwa kwemutemo kwakamboitwa. Nhoroondo yakachena inoderedza; kudzokorora ndicho chinhu chinowanzo konzera kusuruvara.
Kubvumirana nekupomerwa mhosva: una via uye ne bis in idem
Maitiro akawanda anogona kubhadhariswa faindi yekutonga imhosvawo, uye mutemo weDutch unomanikidza sarudzo yenzira. Hapana faindi inogona kubhadhariswa nekuda kwekutyora mutemo kwakatobhadhariswa faindi (art. 5:43 Awb), kana kuti kana kupomerwa mhosva yemufambiro mumwe chete kwatanga uye kutongwa kwatanga, kana kuti murairo wechirango wapihwa (art. 5:44 Awb).
Kana chiito chacho chiriwo mhosva, vane masimba vanofanira kuchiendesa kumuchuchisi wehurumende, uye vanogona kuripa faindi chete kana muchuchisi akaramba, kana mushure memavhiki gumi nematatu asina mhinduro (art. 5:44 Awb) — nguva iyo nguva yekupedzisira yesarudzo inomiswa (art. 5:51 Awb). Kana dare repamusoro rikazorayira kupomerwa mhosva, faindi yacho inopera (art. 5:47 Awb).
Vatungamiriri, vashandirwi chaivo uye kuratidzwa kaviri kwevashandi
Munhu anopara mhosva ndiye munhu anoita kana kuti anopindira mukutyora mutemo uyu, uye art. 5:1 Awb inoshandisa mitemo yemutemo wemhosva pamusoro pemhosva yekambani nenzira yekufananidza. Munhu wepamutemo anogona kuva iye anopara mhosva - uye ndizvo zvinogona kuitawo munhu akarayira maitiro acho kana kupa hutungamiriri hwechokwadi. Mutungamiriri kana maneja wenzvimbo anogona kubhadhariswa faindi pamwe chete nefaindi pakambani nekuda kwenyaya imwe chete. Vatariri vezvemari vanoshandisa simba iri zvakananga; Labour Authority inosvika kuvanhu kuburikidza nepfungwa yakakura yevashandirwi.
Kumapoka epasi rose njodzi yacho ichokwadi: mukuru weDutch, kana maneja wekune imwe nyika ane mvumo yekugara, anogona kutumidzwa zita rake pachake muchisarudzo chinozoburitswa. Ramba kubhadhara faindi dzemunhu oga - kazhinji hazvina kunaka kuti gweta rimwe rimiririre kambani nemunhu mumwe chete.
Kuramba, kukwidza nyaya uye kuregererwa kwenguva pfupi
- Kupikisa (bezwaar) kuchiremera chakaisa faindi, mukati memavhiki matanhatu ekuzivisa (art. 6:7 Awb), nekodzero yekunzwiwa (art. 7:2 Awb). Kuramba mhosva kuchiteverwa nezvikonzero zvekuwedzera kunowanzova nemusoro.
- Kukwidza (kukwidza) kudare redunhu mukati memavhiki matanhatu kubva pakusarudzwa kwekuramba; kudare reACM, AFM neDNB, kudare reRotterdam District.
- Kukwezva kwakanyanya (hoger beroep) mukati memavhiki matanhatu — kuAdministrative Jurisdiction Division yeDare reNyika reWav, Arbowet, Vreemdelingenwet neGDPR, uye kuTrade and Industry Appeals Tribunal (CBb) kuti itarisire zvemari nemusika.
- Kubatsira kwenguva pfupi (voorlopige voorziening) kubva kumutongi werubatsiro rwekutanga kana paine chikonzero chekukurumidzira (art. 8:81 Awb) — nzira yekumisa kubhadhara kana kuburitsa nyaya yacho panguva iyo nyaya yacho ichiri kuenderera mberi.
Kuramba nekukwidza nyaya hazvimise chisungo chekubhadhara (chinyorwa 6:16 Awb) kunze kwekunge mutemo wechikamu uchipa zvimwe. Mhedzisiro yekumisa nyaya haibvi kuAwb asi kumitemo yechikamu, iyo chikamu 1:105 Wft yemisika yemari ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka. Masimba mazhinji anobvumidza kunonoka kana chikumbiro chakumbirwa chichimirira kurambidzwa; kana zvisiri, rubatsiro rwechinguvana ndiyo nzira.
Chinyorwa: kazhinji chirango chinonyanya kurwadza
Kumakambani mazhinji mari yacho inorarama uye chiziviso chenhau hachipo. Vatariri vezvemari vanofanirwa kuburitsa zvisarudzo zvezvirango (art. 1:97 Wft uye art. 1:98 Wft), ACM inoburitsa pasi peart. 12u Instellingswet ACM, nedzimwe hurumende dzinoburitsa pasi pebasa rekuzivisa zviri kuitika muWoo. Mutemo wekuburitsa pachena unopa hwaro apo mutemo wechikamu hauiti, asi hausi cheki isina chinhu. Mukutonga kwayo kwa27 Zvita 2017 (ECLI:NL:RVS:2017:3571) Dhipatimendi reHurumende yeHurumende rakabvisa kuburitswa kwechisarudzo chekumanikidza nekuti chisarudzo chacho chaive chisiri pamutemo, saka kuburitsa kwacho kwakakonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya. Nyaya iyoyo yakatongwa pasi peWob, iyo Woo yakatsiva musi wa1 Chivabvu 2022, asi bvunzo yekuenzana kwayakashandisa haina kuchinja.
Kuburitswa kwenyaya yacho pachako chisarudzo chakasiyana chinogona kukwidzwa, chinowanzo ziviswa pachine nguva pfupi chisati chatanga kushanda. Nguva iyoyo iripo kuti ishandiswe. Pikisa kuderedzwa kwenyaya, sezvo ruzivo rwemunhu rwunonetsa makwikwi uye rwunofanirwa kubviswa; taura nezvekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya munyaya isina kunaka; taura kuti kuburitswa kwenyaya kunofanira kumirira mhedzisiro apo mutemo wefaindi hauna chokwadi. Mumwe nemumwe anoda rubatsiro rwechinguvana mukati memazuva. Pasi pechikamu 1:97, mutariri anofanira kumirira kwemazuva mashanu ekushanda mushure mekunge chisarudzo chaziviswa chisati chaburitswa, kuitira kuti munhu anofarira agone kukumbira mutongi wenyaya kuti amise; tsika yakafanana inoteverwa pakuburitswa kwenyaya pasi peWoo.
Nguva dzemiganhu
Simba rekubhadharisa faindi rinopera makore mashanu mushure mekutyorwa kwemutemo uko nzira yakakomba inoshanda, uye makore matatu neimwe nzira; nguva yacho inomiswa apo kuramba kana kukwidza nyaya kuchiri kumirira (art. 5:45 Awb). Kodzero yekutora faindi yakatarwa inopera makore mashanu mushure mekunge nguva yekubhadhara yapera (art. 4:104 Awb). Nekutyorwa kwemutemo kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi, kana kutyorwa kwemutemo "kwakaitika" kunowanzo kuve kwakakosha - uye kwakakodzera kutorwa nekukurumidza.
Zvekuita pazuva rinosvika muongorori
- Kumbirai kuti muzive zita renyu uye kuti muri kuendeserwa kupi; nyorai kuti mutemo uri kushandiswa, zita remuongorori nenguva.
- Bvunza kana kushanya kwacho kuri kwekutarisirwa kana kuti kwakanangana nekurangwa, uye kana uchibvunzwa semunhu anofungidzirwa kuti akapara mhosva. Bvunza chenjedzo kana paine mukana wekubhadhara faindi.
- Fonera gweta rako usati waita hurukuro dzechokwadi. Une kodzero yekuwana rubatsiro (art. 2:1 Awb), uye kunonoka kwenguva pfupi uye zvine hunhu kuronga nyaya yacho kunowanzo kuve nemusoro.
- Sarudza munhu mumwe chete waungataura naye. Vashandi vanofanira kuva neruremekedzo, kupa mukana wekuwana magwaro aripo, uye kutumira mibvunzo nezvesarudzo, mutoro neruzivo kune waunotaura naye.
- Usavharire - uye usambogadzira magwaro, kugadzirazve zvinyorwa kana kugadzirisa chero chinhu mushure mezvo. Chengeta zvako zvakumbirwa uye zvakapindurwa, uye makopi ezvese zvakapihwa.
- Verenga chero chirevo usati wasaina, chigadzirise, uye usambosaina chirevo chemutauro wechiDutch chausina kunzwisisa.
- Nguva yekupedzisira yekunyora dhayari nekukurumidza kana chero chinhu chasvika: nguva ye zienswijze, wozobva wapedza mavhiki matanhatu kubva pasarudzo.
Law & More inopa mazano kumakambani epasi rose mu Eindhoven uye Amsterdam pakuongorora, maitiro ekubhadharisa mari uye kukwidza nyaya. Nguva inobatsira yekutora mazano iri pamberi pezienswijze, kwete mushure mesarudzo. Mutemo uri kumirira: Wet stroomlijning bestuurlijke boetemaxima en termijnen yaizobatanidza maxima yekutonga nemapoka efaindi yemutemo wemhosva yehunyanzvi. 23 Sr, ichiisa kutyorwa kwakakomba muchikamu chechitanhatu, icho chakanyanya kuiswa muhunyanzvi. 23 Sr uye indexed nguva nenguva, kana chikamu chemari yegore negore.
Faindi yekutonga imhosva here?
Kwete. Chisarudzo chehurumende yekutonga, kwete dare remhosva, uye hachina humbowo hwemhosva dzekuDutch. Asi nekuti imhosva yekuranga inoverengwa semhosva yemhosva pasi pechikamu 6 cheECHR, saka dziviriro dzekutongwa kwakarurama dzinoshanda: kodzero yekuramba wakanyarara, kufungidzira kuti hauna mhosva, mukana wekuwana faira uye kunzwa. Zvinoverengwawo gare gare sekutyorwa kwemutemo.
Tinofanira kubhadhara here patinenge tichikwidza nyaya?
Muchokwadi hongu. Kubhadhara kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati memavhiki matanhatu kubva pakuzivisa (art. 4:87 Awb) uye kupikisa kana kukwidza nyaya hakumisi chisungo ichocho (art. 6:16 Awb) kunze kwekunge mutemo wataura zvakasiyana. Mazhinji emasimba anobvumidza kunonoka kumirira kupikisa kana ukakumbira nekunyora uye nenguva yakakodzera; kana zvisiri, nyorera kumutongi werubatsiro rwekutanga (art. 8:81 Awb).
Ko maneja wedu anogona kubhadhariswa faindi here iye pachake pamwe nekambani?
Ehe. Art. 5:1 Awb anoshandisa mitemo yemutemo wemhosva panyaya yemhosva yekambani nenzira yekufananidza, saka munhu akarayira maitiro acho kana kupa hutungamiriri hwechokwadi kwaari imhosva yake. Vatongi vanoshandisa izvi, kunyanya mukutarisira mari. Faindi yemunhu inofanira kudzivirirwa yoga, kazhinji negweta rakasiyana, nekuti zvido zvinogona kusiyana.
Tinofanira kupindura mibvunzo yemuongorori here?
Unofanira kupa kushandira pamwe uko maneja anogona kukuda, kusanganisira kuwana uye zvinyorwa zviripo (art. 5:20 Awb). Asi hausungirwi kupindura mibvunzo yakanangana nekukupa chirango chekurangwa, uye unofanira kuudzwa izvozvo (art. 5:10a Awb). Kuti yambiro yacho yaifanira kupihwa inotongwa nemaonero akanaka here, zvichienderana nezvinozofungwa nemucherechedzi ane musoro nezvechinangwa chekubvunza (ECLI:NL:RVS:2018:2115). Tora mazano usati wabvunzana nezvenyaya.
Tinogona here kumisa mutongi kuburitsa faindi?
Dzimwe nguva, uye kashoma zvachose. Kuburitswa kwenyaya iyi chisarudzo chakasiyana chinogona kukwidzwa, chinowanzo ziviswa chisati chatanga kushanda. Pikisa kudzoserwa kwenyaya, taura nezvekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya munyaya isina kujairika, kana kumbira kuti nyaya yacho imirire mhedzisiro yacho kana mutemo wefaindi usina chokwadi. Zvese izvozvo zvinoda rubatsiro rwechinguvana mukati memazuva mashoma.
Mutongi ane nguva yakareba sei yekutibhadharisa faindi?
Makore mashanu kubva pakutyorwa kwemutemo apo nzira yakakomba inoshanda — ndiko kuti, apo faindi inogona kudarika €340 — uye makore matatu neimwe nzira; nguva yacho inomiswa apo kupokana kana kukwidza nyaya kuchimirira (art. 5:45 Awb). Kana yangoiswa, faindi haichakwanisi kutorwa makore mashanu mushure mekunge nguva yekubhadhara yapera (art. 4:104 Awb). Kana nguva yatanga inowanzo pikisana.
