Fungidzira mamiriro maviri. Muchiitiko chekutanga, murume anotiza mushure mekubiwa, mupurisa anomuyambira, murume anotambanudza ruoko rwake kuti atore bhandi rake, uye mupurisa anopfura. Muchiitiko chechipiri, munhu akasungwa anenge atova pasi akasungwa nemaoko, asingacharambi, uye anorohwa kakawanda netsvimbo. Vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa kuti pane chimwe chinhu pano chakasiyana. Mutemo haungogumiri pakuunzwisisa chete: unoisa miganhu chaiyo yakaupoteredza.

Muhurukuro dzeveruzhinji, mhirizhonga yemapurisa inowanzo kurukurwa semubvunzo wetsika kana wezvematongerwo enyika, nezvekuvimbana, simba uye kuchengetedzeka. Pamutemo, ongororo inotanga kune imwe nzvimbo, kureva mubvunzo wekuti simba rakaramba riri mukati memutemo here. Izvozvo hazvisi nyaya yemanzwiro asi kuyedza masimba, misimboti nekodzero dzevanhu. Mublog rino ndinofamba nehurongwa ihwohwo hwese: mapurisa anogona kushandisa simba riini, chiito chepamutemo chinoshanduka riini kuita zvisiri pamutemo kana kutoita mhosva, uye nzira dzipi dzakavhurika kumugari kana zvinhu zvikasafamba zvakanaka. Ndinoshandisa zvirevo zvakakosha zvemutemo nemutemo wenyaya, asi ndinoramba ndichiverenga sezvinobvira.

Chinonyanya kukosha mumutsara mumwe chete

Simba rinoshandiswa nemapurisa harirambidzwi, asi rinotongwa zvakasimba. Hurumende ndiyo ine simba rekushandisa simba, uye mapurisa anogona kushandisa simba iroro chete mukati memiganhu inotarwa nemutemo pachine nguva. Nyaya inotevera inogara iri mubvunzo mumwe chete: simba iri, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, rine nzira iyi nechinangwa ichi, rainyatsodiwa uye rine musoro here?

Hwaro hwepamutemo: simba harimboonekwi rega

Mutemo mukuru unotsanangurwa muChikamu 7 cheMutemo weMapurisa wa2012 (Politiewet 2012). Mupurisa akagadzwa kuita basa remapurisa anogona, mukushanda kwepamutemo kwehofisi yake, kushandisa simba, asi chete kana chinangwa chaakaronga chichiratidza kuti chinoritsigira, achifunga nezvengozi dziri kusimba iroro, uye kana chinangwa ichocho chisingagone kuitwa neimwe nzira. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwesimba kunofanira, kana zvichibvira, kusati kwatangwa yambiro. Chinyorwa chimwe chete ichi chinewo chinodiwa chekuenzana: kushandiswa kwesimba kunofanira kunge kwakaringana uye kuri pakati nepakati.

Rugwaro irworwo rwemutemo runoita serupfupi, asi rune zvinhu zvina zvauchaona muzviitiko zvinenge zvese: chinangwa chepamutemo, zvinodiwa, kusavapo kweimwe nzira yakareruka, uye mwero. Simba risina simba harisi pamutemo maererano netsanangudzo.

Kutsanangurwa kwakadzama kwesimba iroro hakuna kunyorwa muMutemo pachawo, asi muMutemo wepamutemo wemapurisa, Royal Military Constabulary nevamwe mapurisa anoferefeta (Ambtsinstructie). Simba rehurumende rekuisa mutemo iwoyo rinotevera kubva kuMutemo weMapurisa weChikamu 9 we2012. Mutemo wepamutemo unotonga, panzira imwe neimwe yesimba, mamiriro ayo rinogona kushandiswa, uye wakagadziridzwa zvizere mumakore achangopfuura. Zvakakosha kurangarira: Mutemo wepamutemo hautauri chete kana nzira ingashandiswa, asiwo kuti sei, rini, nenyevero ipi uye pasi pemiganhu ipi.

Muedzo: kuva pamutemo, kudiwa, kuenzana uye kuva pasi pevamwe

Munyaya dzinenge dzose dzemhirizhonga yemapurisa mibvunzo mina yakafanana inodzokororwa. Ndinoitsanangura uye ndinoibatanidza zvakananga nemuenzaniso.

Chekutanga ndechekuti mutemo waive wepamutemo here. Paiva nehwaro hwemutemo here hwekuita izvi? Pasina simba, simba harisi pamutemo, zvisinei nekuti chinangwa chakanaka sei.

Chechipiri ndechekuti panofanira kunge paine simba rekuita basa remapurisa. Ko simba raidiwa zvechokwadi here kuti paitwe basa remapurisa? Dai mamiriro ezvinhu angadai akadzorwa pasina simba rekuita, hapana simba iroro.

Chechitatu inyaya yekuenzana. Simba rakashandiswa zvichienderana nechinangwa here? Mhosva diki hairevi kuti pane nzira huru.

Chechina inyaya yekubatsira vanhu. Pakanga pasina imwe nzira yakareruka yaizoshandawo here? Kutanga kutaura, kuramba uri kure kana kuderedza kukwira kwemitengo, uye ipapo chete nzira inorema.

Muenzaniso uyu unoita kuti musiyano uoneke. Murume akavhiringidzika ari pachikuva ari kushevedzera nenzwi guru uye anoramba kufamba, asi haatyisidzire munhu. Kushandisa pepper spray kana baton nekukurumidza kwakaoma kutsanangura, nekuti hapana chikonzero uye rubatsiro rwekubatsira. Kana murume iyeye akaswedera pedyo nevanhu vakatarisa nebanga uye akasapindura mirairo, saka nzira inorema inogona, zvichienderana nekutyisidzira kwakanyanya, kuwira mukati memiganhu.

Chinokosha ndechekuti, dare rinoongorora chiito kubva panguva yesarudzo, kwete kubva chete pamhedzisiro yacho. Hazvisi zvatinoona mushure mezvo pamakamera akaongororwa zvinyoro nyoro, asi izvo mupurisa panguva iyoyo aigona kuziva, kuona uye kuongorora, ndizvo zvine musoro. Panguva imwe chete, izvi hazvina mubvunzo. Dare Repamusorosoro (Hoge Raad) rakaratidza muganho wakasimba: kwete kutyorwa kwese kwemutemo kunokanganisa pamutemo, asi kudarika zvakanyanya kuenzana kana kutsigirwa kunogona kumira munzira yemupurisa achiri kushanda muhofisi yake zviri pamutemo. Izvi zvinoenderana zvakananga nemhosva dzakadai sekuramba kusungwa (Chikamu 180 cheCriminal Code, Wetboek van Strafrecht): kana kumira pachako kwaive kusiri pamutemo, kuramba kwacho hakugone kurangwa sekuramba kusungwa.

Kana nzira yacho ikanyanya kurema, bvunzo yacho inowedzera kuoma

Murairo wepamutemo unotevera kuwedzera kubva pakureruka kusvika pakurema: kubva pakubata nemaoko uye simbi, kuburikidza nepepper spray, baton nechombo che electroshock, kusvika kupfuti. Kana mhedzisiro yacho ikanyanya, mamiriro acho akaomarara uye akajeka.

Pfuti ndiyo muganho wekupedzisira. Pairi, mamiriro ezvinhu anotsanangurwa zvizere anoshanda, akadai sekusunga mumwe munhu wazvingafungidzirwa kuti achashandisa chisimba chinotyisidzira hupenyu hwake ipapo ipapo, kana kudzivirira njodzi yekukurumidza kuhupenyu kana kukuvara kwakanyanya mumuviri. Muganho wakakosha unowedzerwa: kana kuzivikanwa kwemunhu ari kupomerwa kuchizivikanwa uye kunonoka kusungwa kusingapi njodzi isingagamuchirwi, pfuti haifanirwe kushandiswa. Uye muchokwadi basa rekunyevera rinoshanda kupfurwa kwakanangwa kusati kwapfurwa, kunze kwekunge mamiriro ezvinhu asingabvumidze.

Musiyano wemuenzaniso: mumutemo wenyaya, simba raionekwa serinoenderana mune imwe nyaya, semuenzaniso kushandisa imbwa yemauto kana kupfura mota iri kutyaira pasi pekongiri, zvichityisidzira, nepo mune imwe nyaya kudhonza nekunanga chombo chemauto panguva yekutarisa traffic, uko kuzivikanwa kwaizivikanwa uye pasina kusungwa kwaida kuitwa, kwakaonekwa sekupesana neMirairo Yepamutemo uye kuenzana uye kutsigirwa zvekuti chiito chakanga chisisiri pamutemo. Mwero mumwe chete, mhedzisiro inopesana, zvichienderana nechokwadi.

Kana mhirizhonga yemapurisa yava mhosva

Kusateerera mutemo hakuna kufanana nekurangwa nemhosva. Asi mhirizhonga yemapurisa inogona kukonzera mhosva. Pano mumiriri weparamende achangobva kuvaka hurongwa hwakazvipira.

Kusvika musi wa1 Chikunguru 2022, mupurisa aishandisa simba mubasa rake aine migumisiro yakaipa aiongororwa pasi pemutemo wemhosva sevamwe vagari, achipesana nechiyero chekurova kana kuuraya munhu, mushure mezvo mubvunzo waimuka kana chikonzero chekudzivirira chakashanda. Chikonzero chekare chekudzivirira chiri kushanda mukuita mutemo wepamutemo, Chikamu 42 cheCriminal Code, icho chinongoshanda chete kana matanho akatorwa zvichienderana nemisimboti yekuenzana uye subsidiarity.

NeMutemo wekushandiswa kwesimba nemapurisa anoferefeta (Wet geweldsaanwending opsporingsambtenaar), izvi zvakachinja. Kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 2022 kune hurongwa hwakasiyana hwemutemo wemhosva. Chinangwa chayo chikuru iChikamu 372 cheCriminal Code: mupurisa ane mhosva yekutyora murairo wesimba, nekukuvara kana kufa nekuda kweizvozvo. Mutemo wesimba unotsanangurwa nechinangwa ichi muChikamu 90 cheCriminal Code. Chinhu chinosiyanisa hachisi muhumbowo hwakareruka, asi mune zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa: kwete chinangwa chekukonzera kukuvara, asi kushaya hanya kukuru mukutyora murairo. Pfungwa ndeyekuti kushandiswa kwesimba nehunyanzvi mubasa kunofanirwa kurongwa zvakasiyana pane chisimba chisina kurongeka nemugari. Izvi hazvirevi kuti chisimba chemapurisa chinotorwa sechisina basa, asi kuti chinoratidzwa zvakasiyana nemutemo.

Maitiro acho agadziriswawo. Mushure mechiitiko chinosanganisira kushandisa simba, muchuchisi wehurumende anogona kutanga aita ongororo yekutsvaga chokwadi (Chikamu 511a cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva, Wetboek van Strafvordering), chakanangana nemubvunzo wekuti matanho akatorwa here zvichienderana nemirairo yekushandisa simba. Mushure mezvo ndipo panomuka mubvunzo wekuti kupomerwa mhosva kwakakodzera here. Saka mupurisa haangoonekwi semunhu anofungidzirwa.

Mutemo uyu une gakava. Vatsigiri vanoona zvakakodzera kuti mamiriro chaiwo ebasa remapurisa aonekwe uye kuti mapurisa asatye kupfura. Vatsoropodzi vanotya kuti mitemo yepamutemo yemhosva inodzikisirwa simba uye kuti vanhu vanobatwa nemhosva havawani dziviriro yakawanda.

Kuferefeta nekuzvimirira

Muzviitiko zvemhirizhonga inouraya kana mhirizhonga zvichikonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya, Dhipatimendi reNational Police Internal Investigation Department (Rijksrecherche) rinowanzoita kuferefeta, pasi pesimba rePublic Prosecution Service. Pfungwa huru ndeyekuti mapurisa haafanire kuferefeta mashandisiro avo esimba, kuitira kudzivirira chero kutaridzika kwerusarura.

Pamutemo, izvozvo hazvina kunyatsojeka. Kuzvimiririra kwekuferefeta chinhu chinodiwa nemunhu wese, kwete chenyika chete. Dare reEuropean Court of Human Rights rakaisa mitemo yakasimba pairi. Panguva imwe chete, ichiri nyaya inonetsa kuti Rijksrecherche iri pasi pePublic Prosecution Service, iyo mumabasa ayo ezuva nezuva inoshanda pamwe chete nemapurisa. Dare rakaona kuti hukama hwepedyo pakati pemuchuchisi nemapurisa chaiwo hunogona kuva dambudziko pakusununguka kunodiwa. Saka kana kuferefeta kwakanaka inyaya yepamutemo sekunge simba racho raibvumidzwa here.

Hurongwa hwekodzero dzevanhu: hupenyu nerukudzo rwevanhu

Pamusoro pemutemo wenyika ndipo pane Chibvumirano cheEuropean on Human Rights. Zvikamu zviviri zvine mutoro pano.

Chikamu chechipiri chinodzivirira kodzero yekurarama. Simba rekuuraya rinobvumirwa chete kana zvichidikanwa, semuenzaniso mukudzivirira njodzi yekukurumidza kuhupenyu. Ndiwo mutsara wekare kubva munyaya yaMcCann naOthers v. the United Kingdom ya1995, umo Dare rakasimbisawo divi remitemo: simba rekuuraya rinoitwa nehurumende rinofanira kuteverwa nekuferefeta kunoshanda, kwakazvimirira uye nekukurumidza. Nyika haifanire kungorega kuuraya vanhu zvisina basa, asiwo kuferefeta zvakakomba zvakaitika.

Chikamu chechitatu chinorambidza kutambudzwa uye kubatwa zvisina hunhu kana zvinoderedza hunhu. Kune simba risingauraye, pane tsika yakasimba iripo, iyo Dare rakagadzira pakati pezvimwe munyaya yaBouyid v. Belgium: chero kushandiswa kwesimba remuviri kumunhu uko kusina kudiwa zvakanyanya nemaitiro emunhu iyeye kunoderedza chiremerera chemunhu uye muchokwadi kunokanganisa Chikamu chechitatu. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei simba kumunhu anenge atove pasi pesimba riri nyore pamutemo. Sezvakaita Chikamu chechipiri, basa rekuferefeta rinoshandawo pano: kunyunyuta kwekubatwa zvisina kunaka nemapurisa kunofanirwa kuteverwa nekuferefeta kwepamutemo kunoshanda.

Saka hurongwa uhwu hunoshanda pamatanho maviri: hwakakosha, hwaibvumidzwa here, uye hwekuita, hwakazoongororwa zvinobudirira uye hwakazvimiririra here. Munyaya dzemhirizhonga yemapurisa mibvunzo miviri iyoyo inowanzo kukosha zvakaenzana.

Kwete mutemo wemhosva chete: nzira yehurumende uye muripo wekurasikirwa kusiri kwechinhu chikuru

Mutemo wemhosva hausi iwo wega nzira, uye kune vakashungurudzwa kazhinji hausi iwo unonyanya kushanda. Chero ani zvake anotenda kuti akashungurudzwa nemapurisa zvisiri pamutemo anogonawo kupa Hurumende mhosva pasi pemutemo wevanhu zvichienderana nemhosva, Chikamu 6:162 cheMutemo weVanhu (Burgerlijk Wetboek). Saka mubvunzo hausi wekuti mupurisa mumwe chete ane mhosva here, asi kuti hurumende yakaita zvisiri pamutemo here uye inofanira kudzosera kurasikirwa kwacho.

Musiyano iwoyo wakakosha, nekuti mhedzisiro yacho inogona kusiyana. Nyaya yemhosva ine chiyero chepamusoro cheuchapupu uye inotendeukira kumhosva yemunhu mumwe nemumwe. Nyaya yemhosva yemhosva inoshandisa mwero wakasiyana. Saka zvinokwanisika kuti mupurisa asunungurwe pasi pemutemo wemhosva, nepo dare remhosva richiona chiito ichi sechisiri pamutemo.

Pakuripwa, mutemo wemitemo yemuripo unoshanda. Chinyorwa 6:95 cheCivil Code chinosiyanisa kurasikirwa nemari nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Kurasikirwa kusiri kwechinhu, muripo wekurwadziwa nekutambudzika, kunongowanikwa chete muChinyorwa 6:106 cheCivil Code, kunyanya kana paine kukuvara kwemuviri kana kukuvara kumunhu neimwe nzira. Kuongororwa kunoitwa zvakaenzana (Chinyorwa 6:97 cheCivil Code), uye kurasikirwa chete kwakabatana zvakakwana nesimba kunogona kunzi (Chinyorwa 6:98 cheCivil Code).

Pano pane pfungwa huru inoshanda inomuka. Pakuripa munhu akakuvadzwa, kungotaura nezvekodzero dzemunhu hakuna kukwana, uye kutaura kuti mumwe munhu akatya zvakanyanya kana kuti akarara zvisina kunaka hakukwani. Dare Repamusorosoro rinoda ruzivo rwakajeka, runogona kujekeswa, semuenzaniso ruzivo rwekurapa kana rwepfungwa, uko kukuvara kwepfungwa kunobuda. Kunotsigirwa chete kana hunhu uye kukomba kwekutyorwa kwemutemo zvichiita kuti mhedzisiro yakaipa ive pachena. Munhu akakuvadzwa anoenda kudare redzimhosva ane mutoro wekubvuma mhosva uye kuratidza kuti pane kurasikirwa uye kubatana kwakakonzerwa nechisimba.

Muenzaniso wekuti dare rinosarudza sei mari yacho: pakupa muripo wekurwadziwa nekutambura nekuda kwemhirizhonga yemapurisa, zvinhu zvinoongororwa zvinosanganisira rudzi nekukomba kwekutyorwa kwemutemo, kushaya simba kwemuviri, kukanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mari inowanzopihwa muzviitiko zvakafanana. Muchokwadi, mari inopihwa nekuda kwekukuvara kusiri kwakanyanya inowanzova pakati pemazana mashoma kusvika zviuru zvishoma zvemaeuro, zvichienderana nekukuvara nemigumisiro yacho.

Kuregeredza kwevamwe: kudzivirira kweHurumende

Mugari ari kuda muripo anowanzo tarisana nedziviriro yekusateerera kwemubatsiri, Chikamu 6:101 cheMutemo weVanhu. Basa rekuripa rinoderedzwa kana kurasikirwa kwacho kuriwo mugumisiro wemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa nemunhu akakuvara. Izvi zvinoshanda mumatanho maviri: kutanga kuongororwa kwechikonzero pakati pemaitiro emugari neamapurisa, uye pamwe kugadziriswa kwehunhu nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuipi hwezvikanganiso.

Zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha pamutemo. Chekutanga, mutoro wekuteterera nekuratidza kushaya hanya kuri paHurumende, kwete pamugari. Saka Hurumende inofanira kutaura zvakajeka kuti ndeapi maitiro emugari, semuenzaniso kuramba kushingaira, kurwiswa kana kuedza kutiza, akabatsira mukurasikirwa. Kutaura kwakajairika kuti mugari haana kushandira pamwe kana kutsvaga kusangana hakuna kukwana paizvi. Chechipiri, kugadzirisa ruramisiro kunogona, chaizvo munyaya dzemhirizhonga yemapurisa isina kuenzana zvakanyanya, kudzikamisa zvakanyanya kuderedzwa kwechero chinhu kana kutoisa pairi, nekuti mhosva iri kudivi remapurisa inorema zvakanyanya uye mutemo unotyorwa wakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubva kumhirizhonga yakawandisa yenyika.

Kunyunyuta, mumiririri wemhosva uye nzira yekuranga

Pamwe chete nemutemo wemhosva nemutemo wehurumende, pane kodzero yekunyunyuta. Mugari anogona kunyunyuta nezvemaitiro emapurisa. Izvozvo hazvitungamiriri kurangwa kana muripo, asi zvinogona kukonzera kuti maitiro acho akanga asina kunaka. Kana munyunyuti akasakwanisa kugadzirisa nyaya yacho nemapurisa, National Ombudsman inogona pakupedzisira kupa mutongo. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira yekuranga yemukati kana yepamutemo inogona kutevera mupurisa ane chekuita nayo, yakatarisana nekushanda kwavo. Izwi rekuti mutemo wehunyanzvi wekuranga harina kukodzera pano, nekuti mapurisa haana hurongwa hwepamutemo hwekuranga-kutonga hwakafanana nehwevanachiremba kana magweta.

Zvakakosha kuti chiitiko chimwe chete chinogona kufamba munzira ina panguva imwe chete, mhosva, mhosva dzematare, kuburikidza nekunyunyuta uye kuranga, uye nzira idzodzo dzinogona kusiyana. Kusunungurwa mumutemo wemhosva hazvirevi kuti mhosva yacho yatoitwawo nenzira yepamutemo kana kuti maererano nekodzero.

Kusagadzikana kuripo

Mutemo unoedza kuchengetedza zvido zviviri panguva imwe chete zvinogara zvichipesana. Kune rumwe rutivi, mugari anofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kumhirizhonga yehurumende isina chikonzero uye yakanyanyisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mapurisa anofanira kuchengetedza nzvimbo yekuita zvinobudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi uye asina kurongeka, dzimwe nguva muchikamu chidiki chesekondi. Kusawirirana ikoko hakumboperi zvachose, uye mutemo wega wega kuedza kusiyanisa pakati pavo.

Hakusi kukuvara kwese kwakakomba kunoreva kuti mapurisa aive asina kururama. Asi zvakapesana ndizvozvo: yunifomu haibvumidze simba kuti rive pamutemo, uye kungoona kuti mupurisa aive pasi pekumanikidzwa hakusati kwave kururamisa simba. Mubvunzo wekupedzisira unoramba wakafanana. Simba iri, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nechinangwa ichi uye izvi zvinoreva, raikosha zvechokwadi uye rakakodzera pamutemo here? Kusava nemhinduro yakagadzirwa kare kune izvozvo hakusi kushaya simba kwemutemo, asi kubvuma kwechokwadi kuti kuchengetedzeka nerusununguko zvinofanira kugara zvichiongororwa. Uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho mitemo yekungwarira, kutarisirwa kwakazvimirira uye kuzvidavirira pachena zvakakosha: kana simba rega rega riripo, basa rekukwanisa kururamisa simba iroro rinorema.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvemhirizhonga yemapurisa

Mapurisa angangoshandisa simba chete here?

Kwete, mapurisa haafanire kungoshandisa simba chete. Simba rinongobvumidzwa chete nekuda kwesimba repamutemo, mukuita basa remapurisa zviri pamutemo, uye chete kana zvichidikanwa uye chinangwa chacho chisingagone kuwanikwa nenzira yakareruka (Article 7 Police Act 2012). Simba rinofanirawo kuramba rakanzwisisika uye riri pakati nepakati, uye yambiro inofanira, kana zvichibvira, kupiwa kutanga.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemhirizhonga yemapurisa isiri pamutemo nemhirizhonga inorangwa nemapurisa?

Mhirizhonga yemapurisa isiri pamutemo yakadarika miganhu yemutemo, semuenzaniso nekuti yakanga isina kuenzana, uye inogona kutungamira kumhosva yeHurumende. Simba rinorangwa nemhosva rinoenderera mberi: mupurisa mumwe nemumwe ndiye anozove nemhosva pachake, semuenzaniso kutyora murairo wesimba (Chikamu 372 cheCriminal Code). Haasi ese masimba asingabvumirwe nemutemo anorangwa nemhosva, asi anogona kurangwa.

Mupurisa anobva angofungirwa here mushure mechiitiko chine chekuita nechisimba?

Kubva musi wa1 Chikunguru 2022, kwete otomatiki. Muchuchisi wehurumende anogona kutanga kuferefeta zvakaitika (Chikamu 511a cheMutemo weMaitiro Emhosva), chakanangana nemubvunzo wekuti matanho akatorwa here zvichienderana nemurairo wechisimba. Kana zvikaita sekunge murairo wacho wakatyorwa ndipo chete panogona kuteverwa nyaya yemhosva.

Mutemo upi unorambidza kushandiswa kwesimba nemapurisa anoferefeta?

Mutemo wekushandiswa kwesimba nemapurisa anoferefeta wave kushanda kubvira musi wa1 Chikunguru 2022 uye wakapa mapurisa nevamwe mapurisa anoferefeta hurongwa hwavo hwemutemo wemhosva. Chinangwa chawo chikuru iChikamu 372 cheCriminal Code, chinoita kuti kutyorwa kwemurairo wesimba kuve mhosva yakasiyana. Mutemo uyu une gakava: vatsoropodzi vanotya kuchengetedzwa kushoma kwevanobatwa, vatsigiri vanoona mamiriro chaiwo ebasa remapurisa achizivikanwa.

Ndingawana muripo here mushure memhirizhonga yemapurisa?

Ehe, izvi zvinogoneka kuburikidza nematare edzimhosva kuHurumende nekuda kwemhosva (Chikamu 6:162 cheMutemo weVanhu). Pamusoro pekurasikirwa nemari, unogona kukumbira muripo wekurwadziwa nekutambura kana munhu akakuvara mumuviri kana kukuvara (Chikamu 6:106 cheMutemo weVanhu). Zvisinei, unofanira kuratidza zvakajeka kuti kurasikirwa kwawakaita uye kuti kwakakonzerwa nechisimba. Pakukuvara kwepfungwa, dare rinoda ruzivo rwakajeka, senge ruzivo rwekurapa.

Zvinoreva here kuti mukuru wemapurisa anofanira kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza?

Ehe. Dare rinoongorora chiito kubva panguva yesarudzo, kwete chete kubva pamhedzisiro yapashure. Zvinogona kuzivikanwa nemupurisa zvine musoro, kuona uye kuongorora panguva iyoyo zvinotariswa. Izvozvo hazvina kukanganiswa: kunyangwe pasi pekumanikidzwa, kuenzana uye kubatana zvinoramba zviri izvo zvinodiwa.

Ndiani anoongorora mhirizhonga yemapurisa muNetherlands?

Muzviitiko zvemhirizhonga inouraya kana kukuvara kwakanyanya, Rijksrecherche (National Police Internal Investigation Department) inowanzoita kuferefeta, pasi pesimba rePublic Prosecution Service. Nheyo yacho ndeyekuti mapurisa haaferefete mashandisiro avo esimba. Chibvumirano cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights chinoda kuti kuferefeta kwakadaro kushande, kwakazvimirira uye nekukurumidza.

Ndingaitei kana ndichifunga kuti mapurisa akanyanyisa?

Mune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dziripo pamwe chete. Munogona kuisa mushumo, kuitira kuti Public Prosecution Service iongorore kana muchifanira kupomera mhosva. Munogona kupa Hurumende mhosva yekurasikirwa pasi pemutemo wehurumende. Uye munogona kunyunyuta, pamwe nemutongo weNational Ombudsman. Nzira idzodzo dzinogona kusiyana: kusunungurwa kwemhosva hakurevi kuti hapana mutemo wepamutemo.

Ko mitemo yakafanana inoshanda here pakushandisa pepper spray netsvimbo kana tichishandisa pfuti?

Nheyo dzakajairika dzinoshanda kune nzira dzese dzesimba, asi mamiriro acho anova akaoma kana nzira dzacho dzikapararira. Pfuti ine mamiriro ezvinhu akakomba, anotsanangurwa zvizere, kusanganisira basa rekunyevera. Pepper spray nebaton zvine mamiriro akareruka, asi achiri pachena, muMirairo Yepamutemo.

Mapurisa angashandisa simba here panguva yekuratidzira?

Asi chete kana paine mamiriro akaomarara. Kodzero yekuratidzira inorema zvakanyanya, uye simba rekuchengetedza runyararo rinofanira, semazuva ese, kuve rinodiwa, rakaenzana uye risingatsigire. Muganho pano wakakwira pane kuva wakaderera, nekuti kodzero huru iri panjodzi. Kutongwa kwemhosva dzemhosva dzakaparadzana mukati mekuratidzira kunogoneka, asi hakufanirwe kumisa kuratidzira zvachose.

Mapurisa angaitei panguva yekusungwa kwemunhu?

Pakusungwa kwemunhu zviri pamutemo, mapurisa anogona kushandisa simba rakaenzana kuti adzivise kuramba, semuenzaniso kubata munhu neruoko kana kumusunga nemaoko. Muganho uripo panguva iyo munhu anenge achipomerwa mhosva ari pasi pesimba: simba rekuwedzera kune mumwe munhu akatosungwa nemaoko kana kuti asingacharambi kuramba zvinonetsa pamutemo.

Mapurisa angatumira imbwa yemapurisa panguva yekusungwa kwemunhu here?

Ehe, asi pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanyorwa muMutemo weMutemo. Imbwa yemapurisa inoruma inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya, saka kuendeswa kwayo kunoedzwa zvichienderana nekukosha, kuenzana uye kuderera kwehuwandu. Kana yaibvumirwa zviri pamutemo zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nekutyisidzirwa chaiko uye kana nzira yakareruka yaizokwana. Saka kukuvara kwakanyanya hazvirevi kuti kuendeswa kwacho kwaive kusiri pamutemo.

Mapurisa angashandisa here chombo che taser kana electroshock?

Ehe, asi chombo che electroshock chine mamiriro acho muMutemo weMutemo, kusanganisira yambiro isati yatanga. Chingasashandiswa kune mumwe munhu atove pasi pesimba, uye kushandiswa kwacho kunofanira kuenderana nekutyisidzira. Mamiriro chaiwo anonyanya kutariswa muchinyorwa chazvino cheMutemo weMutemo.

Ndingatora vhidhiyo yemapurisa panguva yekusungwa here?

Munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji munogona kutora mavhidhiyo emapurisa, uye mapurisa haafanire kukumanikidzai kubvisa mavhidhiyo. Hamufanirwe kuvhiringa basa remapurisa, zvisinei, uye mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko inogona kushanda pakuburitswa kwemashoko. Miganhu chaiyo inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, saka chenjererai kuparadzira mavhidhiyo anozivikanwa.

Mitemo yakaoma inoshanda here pakumanikidza mwana kana munhu asina dziviriro?

Mitemo yepamutemo yakafanana, asi mukuita kwayo simba rinoitirwa mwana, munhu akavhiringidzika kana mumwe munhu anoonekwa seasina dziviriro rinoda kuzvidzora kwakanyanya uye kudzikira. Kukosha uye kuenzana zvinozoongororwa zvakanyanya, nekuti munhu wacho haana simba rakawanda uye kukanganisa kunogona kunge kwakanyanya.

Ndinofanira kutora nguva yakareba sei kuti ndipe Hurumende mhosva yemhirizhonga yemapurisa?

Chikumbiro chemari yemutero chinogara kwenguva refu mushure mekunge waziva nezvekurasikirwa kwacho uye munhu ane mhosva, uye chinogara kwenguva yakareba semakore makumi maviri mushure mechiitiko ichi (Chikamu 3:310 cheMutemo weVanhu). Usamirire kwenguva yakareba wotsvaga mazano emutemo panguva yakakodzera, nekuti humbowo hwakadai semavhidhiyo nemashoko ezvapupu zvinonyangarika nekukurumidza.