1. ziviso
Musi waChivabvu 20, 2015 Dare reParamende reEurope rakatambira Gwaro rechina reKubvisa Mari. Pahwaro hweChirairo ichi, nyika yega yega nhengo inosungirwa kumisa rejista yeUBO. Ese maUBO ekambani anofanirwa kuverengerwa murejista. Sezvo UBO ichakodzera munhu wega wega wepanyama uyo zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga akabata zvinopfuura 25% ye (mugove) kufarira kwekambani, kwete kuve kambani yakanyorwa pamusika wemasheya. Muchiitiko chekutadza kumisa UBO('s), sarudzo yekupedzisira inogona kunge iri yekutarisa munhu wakasarudzika kubva kune vepamusoro maneja vashandi vekambani kuve UBO.
MuNetherlands, UBO-register inofanira kuiswa pamberi paJune 26, 2017. Tarisiro ndeyokuti rejista ichaunza pamwe nemigumisiro yakawanda yeDutch uye yeEurope yebhizimisi mamiriro ekunze. Kana munhu asingadi kushamisika zvisingafadzi, mufananidzo wakajeka wekuchinja kuri kuuya uchave wakakosha. Nokudaro, chinyorwa ichi chichaedza kujekesa pfungwa yeUBO rejista nekuongorora maitiro ayo uye zvazvinoreva.
2. Pfungwa yeEurope
Yechina yeAnti-Mari Kubvisa Dhijitari chigadzirwa chechigadzirwa cheEurope. Pfungwa iri shure kwekuunzwa kweiyo Directive ndeyekuti Europe inoda kudzivirira vanoshandisa mari nevabati vezvigandanga kuti vashandise iyo yemahara yemahara yemahara uye rusununguko rwekupa mabasa emari nekuda kwavo kwematsotsi. Zvinoenderana neichi chishuwo chekumisikidza kuzivikanwa kwevose UBO's, kuve vanhu vane huwandu hwakakura hwechiremera. Iyo UBO kunyoresa inoumba chete chikamu cheiyo shanduko yakaunzwa neChina cheAnti-Anti Laundering Directive mukuzadzisa chinangwa chayo.
Sezvatotaurwa, Directive inofanira kushandiswa pamberi paJune 26, 2017. Panyaya yerejista yeUBO, Directive inotsanangura hurongwa hwakajeka. Murairo unosungira nyika dziri nhengo kuunza masangano emutemo akawanda sezvinobvira mukati mechikamu chemutemo.
Zvinoenderana neDirective, marudzi matatu ezviremera anofanirwa kuwana iyo UBO data chero zvipi zvazvo: zviremera zvine hunyanzvi (kusanganisira zviremera zvinotungamira) uye ese eFinancial Intelligence Units, zviremera zvinosungirwa (kusanganisira masangano emari, masangano echikwereti, vaongorori, vanyori, mabroker. uye vanopa mabasa ekubhejera) uye vanhu vese kana masangano anogona kuratidza kufarira zviri pamutemo.
Nyika dziri nhengo, zvisinei, dzakasununguka kusarudza rejista yeruzhinji. Izwi rekuti "vane masimba vane masimba" harina kutsanangurwa zvakare muDirective. Nechikonzero ichocho, European Commission yakakumbira kujekeswa mune yake yakarongwa shanduko kuDirective yaChikunguru 5, 2016.
Iyo hushoma huwandu yeruzivo iyo inofanirwa kuverengerwa murejista ndiyo inotevera: zita rizere, mwedzi wekuzvarwa, gore rekuzvarwa, nyika, nyika yekugara uye chimiro uye huwandu hwehupfumi hwekufarira hwakachengetwa ne UBO. Pamusoro pezvo, dudziro yeshoko rekuti "UBO" rakanyanya. Izwi iri haringobatanidzi kudzora zvakananga (pane hunhu) hwemakumi maviri neshanu kana kupfuura, asiwo rakananga kusajeka kusiri pamusoro pe25%. Kutungamira kusingadzoreki kunoreva kutonga mune imwe imwe nzira kunze kwekunge uri muridzi. Uku kudzora kunogona kuve kwakavakirwa pane maitiro ekutonga muchibvumirano chevanogovana, kugona kuve nemhedzisiro inosvika kure pakambani kana kugona, semuenzaniso kugadza vatungamiriri.
3. Kunyoresa muNetherlands
Urongwa hweDutch hwekushandiswa kwemutemo parejista yeUBO inonyanya kutsanangurwa mutsamba yakanyorerwa mushumiri Dijsselbloem yaFebruary 10, 2016. Nezve masangano akafukidzwa nezvinodiwa zvekunyoresa, tsamba yacho inoratidza kuti inenge isina imwe yemhando dziripo dzeDutch. masangano acharamba asina kubatika, kunze kwekungove muridzi uye masangano ese eruzhinji. Uyewo makambani akanyorwa haana kubatanidzwa.
Kusiyana nemapoka matatu evanhu nezviremera vane kodzero yekuongorora ruzivo rwuri murejista sezvakasarudzwa padanho reEuropean, The Netherlands inosarudza kunyoresa veruzhinji. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti registry yakaganhurirwa inosanganisira zvayakaipira maererano nemutengo, kugona uye kusimbiswa. Sezvo registry ichave yeruzhinji, mana ekuchengetedza zvakavanzika achavakwa mukati:
3.1. Wese mushandisi wezveruzivo achanyoreswa.
3.2. Kuwana ruzivo hakuwanikwe kwemahara.
3.3. Vashandisi kunze kwevane masimba akasarudzika (zviremera zvinosanganisira pakati pevamwe Dhipatimendi reDutch, iro Simba Rezvemari ZveMari uye Hofisi Yezvemari) uye neDutch Financial Intelligence Unit inongokwanisa kuwana dheti diki yedata.
3.4. Kana pane njodzi yekubiwa, kupamba, chisimba kana kutyisidzira, mhosva-ne-kesi kuongororwa kwengozi kunoteera, mukati mayo kuchaongororwa kana kuwanikwa kweimwe data kunogona kuvharwa kana kuri madikanwa.
Vashandisi kunze kwevane masimba akasarudzika uye iyo AFM inogona chete kuwana iwo anotevera ruzivo: zita, mwedzi wekuzvarwa, nyika, nyika yekugara uye chimiro uye huwandu hwehupfumi hwekufarira hwakachengetwa nemuridzi anobatsira. Ichi chidiki chinoreva kuti haazi ese masisitendi anofanirwa kuita zvekumanikidza UBO tsvakurudzo anogona kuwana ese ruzivo rwavo runodiwa kubva kurejista. Vachafanirwa kuunganidza ruzivo urwu pachavo uye vanochengetedza ruzivo urwu mukutonga kwavo.
Tichifunga nezvekuti vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa uye iyo FIU vane rimwe basa rekuongorora uye rekutarisira, ivo vachawana mukana wekuwedzera data: (1) zuva, nzvimbo uye nyika yekuzvarwa, (2) kero, (3) Nhamba yebasa revagari uye / kana nhamba yemutero yekuzivikanwa mutero (TIN), (4) chimiro, huwandu uye zuva uye nzvimbo yekubuda kwegwaro raizivikanwa naro kana kopi yegwaro iro uye (5) zvinyorwa zvinotsigira nei munhu aine chinzvimbo. ye UBO uye saizi yeiyo inoenderana (yehupfumi) kufarira.
Zvinotarisirwa ndezvekuti Chamber of Commerce ichagadzirisa rejista. Iyo data ichasvika kurejista nekutumira ruzivo nemakambani uye masangano emutemo ivo pachavo. A UBO haigone kuramba kutora chikamu mukutumirwa kweruzivo urwu. Uyezve, zviremera zvinosungirwa zvichange zvakare, neimwe nzira, zvine basa rekumanikidza: vane basa rekutaura kune register ruzivo rwese rwavainarwo, rwunosiyana nerejista.
Zviremera zvakapihwa mabasa munzvimbo yekurwisa kubiwa kwemari, mari yemagandanga uye mamwe marudzi ehutsotsi hwemari nehupfumi, zvichienderana nehukuru hwebasa ravo, vachapihwa kodzero kana kudiwa kuendesa data rakasiyana nerejista. Izvo hazvisati zvajeka kuti ndiani achave ari pamutemo kutungamira nebasa rekuita maererano ne (chaiyo) kutumira kweiyo UBO data uye ndiani (pamwe) angave nekodzero yekuburitsa faindi.
4. Iyo hurongwa isina zvikanganiso?
Kunyangwe izvo zvakawomeswa zvinodiwa, iyo UBO mutemo inoita senge isina mvura muzvinhu zvese. Kune nzira dzinoverengeka idzo munhu anogona kuona kuti imwe inodonha kunze kwekuyera kweye UBO registry.
4.1. Akavimbika-munhu
Mumwe anogona kusarudza kushanda kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekuvimbika. Nhamba dzekuvimba dzinoiswa pasi pemirau dzakasiyana pasi pechirairo. Iyo yekuraira inoda rejista yekuvimbika-nhamba zvakare. Iyi chaiyo rejista, zvisinei, haizo kuvhurwa pachena. Nenzira iyi, kusazivikanwa kwevanhu vari shure kwekutenda kunoramba kwakachengetedzwa kune imwe nhanho. Mienzaniso yehuwandu hwekuvimba ndeye kuvimba kweAnglo-American uye kuvimba kweCuraçao. Bonaire anozivawo mufananidzo wakafanana neakavimbika: iyo DPF. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwesimba, iro, kusiyana nerwesimba, rine hunhu hwepamutemo. Iyo inotongwa nemutemo weBES.
4.2. Kuchinjana kwechigaro
Yechina Anti-Money Laundering Directive inotaura zvinotevera nezvekushandisa kwayo: "... makambani nemamwe masangano epamutemo akagadzwa mukati medunhu". Ichi chirevo chinoreva kuti makambani, ayo akasimbiswa kunze kwenzvimbo yenhengo dzenhengo, asi anozoenda pachigaro chekambani kuenda kunhengo yenhengo, haafukidzwe nemutemo. Semuenzaniso, munhu anogona kufunga nezvevanhu vanozivikanwa vepamutemo concoes seJersey Ltd., iyo BES BV uye American Inc. A DPF inogona zvakare kusarudza kufambisa chigaro chayo chaicho kuenda kuNetherlands uye kuenderera mberi nekuita zviitiko seDPF.
5. Shanduko dzinouya?
Mubvunzo ndewekuti European Union ichada here kuenderera mberi yataurwa pamusoro pekunzvenga mutemo weUBO. Nekudaro, parizvino hapana ratidziro dzakasimba dzekuti shanduko ichaitika pane ino nguva munguva pfupi. Muchikumbiro chake chakaiswa muna Chikunguru 5, European Commission yakakumbira shanduko mbiri muDirective.
Chikumbiro ichi hachina kusanganisa shanduko maererano nezviri pamusoro. Pamusoro pazvo, hazvisati zvajeka kuti shanduko dziri kutaurwa dzichaitwa here. Zvakadaro, hazvizove zvakaipa kufunga nezve shanduko dzakarongwa uye mukana wekuti dzimwe shanduko dziitwe pane imwe nguva. Shanduko huru ina sezvakarongwa parizvino ndedzinotevera:
5.1. Commission inofunga kuita kuti rejista izere neruzhinji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dhairekesheni ichagadziriswa panzvimbo yekuwanikwa kwevanhu nemasangano anogona kuratidza kufarira kuri pamutemo. Iko kwavo kugona kwaigona kungogumira kune yakambotaurwa diki data, manyorero zvino anozovaziviswa zvizere kwavari zvakare.
5.2. Komisheni inofunga kutsanangura izwi rekuti "vane masimba vanokwanisa" seinotevera: ".. avo masimba ehurumende ane mabasa akasarudzika ekupamba mari kana mari yemagandanga, kusanganisira vatungamiriri vemitero nevane masimba vane basa rekuferefeta kana kupomhodza kubira mari, kune mhosva dzakabatana. uye mari yemagandanga, kutsvaga nekumubata kana kudziya nekupamba midziyo yematsotsi ".
5.3. Commission inokumbira kujekeserwa uye mukana uri nani wekuzivikanwa kweye UBO kuburikidza nekubatana kwemamitaisi ese enyika yenhengo dzenhengo.
5.4. Komisheni inoenderera mberi ichiti, mune dzimwe nguva, kudzikisa UBO huwandu hwe25% kusvika 10%. Izvi zvichave izvo zviitiko zvepamutemo masangano kungoita isingori yemari mubatanidzwa. Aya ndiwo ".. Intermediary masangano asina chero basa rehupfumi uye anongoshanda kuti asendise varidzi vanobatsira kubva pazvinhu".
5.5. Commission inokurudzira kushandura nguva yekutanga kuti ishandiswe kubva muna Chikunguru 26, 2017 kusvika Ndira 1, 2017.
mhedziso
Kuunzwa kwerejista yeruzhinji yeUBO kuchava nezvakunoreva kumabhizinesi ari munyika dziri nhengo. Vanhu zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga vane zvakawanda izvo 25% ye (mugove) mubereko wekambani isiri kambani yakanyorwa, vanomanikidzwa kuita zvibayiro zvakawanda munzvimbo yekuvanzika, vachiwedzera njodzi yekupomerwa mhosva uye kubiwa; zvisinei nekuti Netherlands yakaratidza kuti yaizoita nepainogona napo kudzikisira njodzi idzi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mamiriro anogashira mabasa makuru maererano nekucherechedza uye kuendesa data rakasiyana nedata riri murejista yeUBO.
Kuunzwa kweiyo UBO rejista kungangoreva kuti munhu achachinja kutarisa kune iyo nhamba yekuvimba, kana a zviri pamutemo sangano rakavambwa kunze kwenhengo dzenhengo izvo zvinozokwanisa kuendesa chigaro chayo chaicho kunhengo yenhengo. Hazvina chokwadi chekuti zvimiro izvi zvicharamba zviri sarudzo mune ramangwana. Iyo parizvino yakagadziridzwa yechina Ani-Money Laundering Directive haina chero shanduko panguva ino. Mu Netharenzi, mumwe anonyanya kufunga nezvechikumbiro chekubatanidza marejista enyika, shanduko inogona kuitika mu25%-inodiwa uye zuva rinobvira rekutanga rekutanga.