ziviso
Munharaunda yedu inochinja nekukurumidza, cryptocurrency inowedzera kuve yakakurumbira. Parizvino, kune akawanda marudzi e cryptocurrency, akadai seBitcoin, Ethereum, uye Litecoin. Cryptocurrencies ndeye chete digital, uye iyo mari uye tekinoroji inochengetedzwa zvakachengeteka nekushandisa blockchain tekinoroji. Iyi tekinoroji inochengetedza rekodhi yakachengeteka yekutengeserana kwega kwega munzvimbo imwechete. Hapana anodzora blockchain sezvo maketani aya akaiswa pamakomputa ega ega ane cryptocurrency chikwama. Tekinoroji yeBlockchain zvakare inopawo kusazivikanwa kwevashandisi ve cryptocurrency. Iko kushaiwa kwekudzora uye kusazivikanwa kwevashandisi kunogona kuisa dzimwe njodzi kune vemabhizinesi vanoda kushandisa cryptocurrency mukambani yavo. Chinyorwa ichi kuenderera kwechinyorwa chedu chakapfuura, 'Cryptocurrency: izvo zvepamutemo zvikamu zvetekinoroji yekuchinja'. Ipo ichi chinyorwa chapfuura chainyanya kusvika kune zvakajairwa nemutemo we cryptocurrency, chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa panjodzi varidzi vebhizinesi vanogona kutarisana navo mukubata ne cryptocurrency uye kukosha kwekuteerera.
Njodzi yekufungidzirwa kwekutora mari
Ipo mukurumbira we cryptocurrency uchiwana mukurumbira, ichiri chisina kunyorwa muNetherlands uye nedzimwe Europe. Iwo maParamende ari kushanda mukushandisa zvakadzama mirau, asi ichi chichava chiitiko chakareba. Nekudaro, matare emunyika maDutch akatopfuura mutongo wakati wandei mumatare ane mhosva ye cryptocurrency. Kunyangwe zvisarudzo zvishoma zvaibataisa chimiro chepamutemo cheiyo cryptocurrency, mhaka zhinji dzaive mukati mekuparwa kwemhosva. Kubvisirwa mari kwaiita chikamu chikuru mukutonga uku.
Kubvisirwa mari chimwe chinhu chinofanira kuverengerwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti sangano rako harisi kuwira pasi pechikamu cheDutch Criminal Code. Kubvisirwa mari chiito chinorangwa pasi pemutemo weDutch. Izvi zvinosimbiswa muzvinyorwa 420bis, 420ter uye 420 yeDutch Criminal Code. Kubvisirwa mari kunobvumidzwa kana munhu akaviga chaicho hunhu, kwaakabva, ari mutorwa kana kudzingiswa kwechimwe chinhu chakanaka, kana akavanda uyo anowana mubairo kana iye akabata izvo zvakanaka achiziva kuti izvo zvakanaka zvinobva kumabasa ematsotsi. Kunyangwe kana munhu anga asiri kunyatsoziva nezve chokwadi kuti chakanaka chinobva pamabasa ematsotsi asi angadai akafungidzira kuti izvi ndizvo, anogona kuwanikwa aine mhosva yekubira mari. Mabasa aya anorangwa nekusungwa kusvika makore mana (nekuda kwekuziva kwayakatangira mhosva yacho), kusungwa kusvika pagore rimwe (nekuda kwekufungidzira zvine musoro) kana kubhadhariswa mari inosvika makumi matanhatu nemazana matanhatu emadhora. Izvi zvinosimbiswa muzvinyorwa 67.000 zveDutch Criminal Code. Munhu anoita tsika yekubvisirwa mari anogona kutoiswa mujeri kusvika makore matanhatu.
Pazasi pane mimwe mienzaniso mishoma maipindwa nedare reDutch pamusoro pekushandiswa kweiyo cryptocurrency:
- Paive nenyaya yekuti munhu aipomerwa mhosva yekubira mari. Akagamuchira mari yakawanikwa nekushandura mabcocoins kuti ave fiat mari. Aya bitcoins akawanikwa kuburikidza neiyo yerima webhu, pane iyo IP-kero dzevashandisi dzakavanzika. Kuongorora kwakaratidza iyo yakasviba webhu inoshandiswa zvinongoda kutengesa zvisiri pamutemo zvinhu, izvo kuti ubhadharwe nema bitcoins. Naizvozvo, dare raifungidzira kuti marcoini anowanikwa kuburikidza neiyo rima webhu ndeyekubva kune mhosva. Dare rakati munhu aifungira akapihwa mari yakawanikwa nekushandura marcoins ematsotsi ari matsotsi emari. Iye aifungira aitoziva kuti macocoins anowanzo kuve ematsotsi. Kunyange zvakadaro, haana kuongorora mabviro emari ye fiat yaakawana. Naizvozvo, akabvuma achiziva mukana wakakosha uyo mari yaakawana yakawanikwa kuburikidza nemabasa asiri pamutemo. Akatongerwa mhosva yekuchera mari. [1]
- Mune iyi kesi, iyo Fiscal Information uye Investigation Service (muchiDutch: FIOD) yakatanga kuongororwa kwevatengesi ve bitcoin. Anofungidzira, mune iyi kesi, akapa bitcoins kune vatengesi uye akavashandura kuti abate mari. Iye anofungidzira akashandisa wallet yepamhepo apa painge paine mari yakawanda yecocoins, iyo inotorwa kubva kune yakasviba webhu. Sezvataurwa mune nyaya iri pamusoro, idzi bitcoins dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakabva pamutemo. Anofungidzirwa akaramba kupa kujekeswa kwakanangana nemavambo ematcocoins. Dare rakati mushanisi ainyatsoziva nezvekwakabvumirwa zvisiri pamutemo kwamaitcoins sezvo akaenda kune vatengesi vanovimbisa kusazivikanwa kwevatengi vavo uye kubvunza komisheni yepamusoro yebasa iri. Naizvozvo, dare rakati zvinangwa zvemusungwa zvinogona kufungidzirwa. Akatongerwa mhosva yekuchera mari. [2]
- Mhosva inotevera inobata nebhangi reDutch, IN. ING yakapinda muchibvumirano chebhengi nemutengesi we bitcoin. Sebhangi, ING ine zvimwe zvekutarisisa uye zvekuferefeta zvisungo. Ivo vakawana mutengi wavo akashandisa mari yemari kutenga bitcoins dzechitatu mapato. NG vakapedza hukama hwavo kubva kwavakatanga kubhadhara muhomwe hakugone kuongororwa uye mari inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemabasa asiri pamutemo. IN yakanzwa senge kuti ivo havachagone kuzadzikisa zvisungo zvavo zveKYC sezvo vaisakwanisa kuvimbisa kuti maakaunti avo aisashandiswa mukubira mari uye kudzivirira njodzi dzine chekuita nekuvimbika. Dare rakati mutengi weI haana kukwana mukubvumikisa kuti mari yemari yaivepo yakabviswa pamutemo. Naizvozvo, ING yakabvumirwa kupedza hukama hwebhangi. [3]
Iyi mitongo inoratidza kuti kushanda ne cryptocurrency kunogona kuisa njodzi kana zvasvika pakuteerana. Kana iyo mabviro eiyo cryptocurrency isingazivikanwe, uye iyo mari inogona kubva kune yakasviba webhu, kufungidzira kwekutora mari kunogona kusimuka nyore.
kutevedzera
Sezvo cryptocurrency isati yagadziriswa uye kusazivikanwa mukutengeserana kunoitwa chokwadi, inzira inokwezva yekubhadhara inoshandiswa pamabasa ematsotsi. Naizvozvo, cryptocurrency ine imwe mhando yezvakaipa zvinoreva muNetherlands. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakare muchokwadi chekuti iyo Dutch Financial Services neMarket Authority inopa zano pamusoro pekutengesa mumakristcheni. Vanotaura kuti kushandisa mari yemadhora kunopa njodzi maringe nemhosva dzeupfumi, nekuti kubiridzira mari, hunyengeri, kubiridzira, nekunyengedza zvinogona kuitika nyore nyore. [4] Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanirwa kuve nemazvo chaizvo nekuteerera kana uchibata ne cryptocurrency. Iwe unofanirwa kuratidza kuti iyo cryptocurrency yaunogamuchira haina kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemabasa asiri pamutemo. Iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kuratidza kuti iwe wakanyatsoongorora kwakatangira iyo cryptocurrency yawakagamuchira. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuve zvakaomarara kune vanhu vanoshandisa cryptocurrency kazhinji hazvizivikanwe. Kazhinji, kana dare reDutch riine mutongo une chekuita necryptocurrency, iri mukati mematsotsi. Parizvino, zviremera hazviongorore kushambadzira mune cryptocurrencies. Nekudaro, cryptocurrency ine yavo kutarisisa. Naizvozvo, kana kambani iine hukama ne cryptocurrency, zviremera zvinowedzera kuchenjerera. Zviremera zvingangoda kuziva kuti iyo cryptocurrency inowanikwa sei uye kuti mavambo emari yacho ndeapi. Kana iwe usingakwanise kupindura iyi mibvunzo nemazvo, kufungira kubiridzira mari kana zvimwe zvikanganiso zvemhosva zvinogona kumuka uye kuferefetwa zvine chekuita nesangano rako kungangotanga.
Mutemo we cryptocurrency
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, cryptocurrency haisati yatongwa. Nekudaro, iyo kutengeserana uye kushandiswa kwemakristpto mari zvingangove zvakanyatso kudzorwa, nekuda kwenjodzi uye zvemari njodzi cryptocurrency inosanganisira. Iyo mirau ye cryptocurrency iri musoro wehurukuro kutenderera pasirese. International Monetary Fund (Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rinoshanda mukudyidzana kwepasi rose kwemari, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwezvemari nekufambisa kutengeserana kwepasi rose) iri kudaidzira kubatana kwepasi rose pamari yemari sezvairi kunyevera nezve njodzi dzemari nedzematsotsi. [5] European Union iri kuita nharo kana kudzora kana kucherechedza mari yemadhora, kunyange zvisati zvagadzira mutemo chaiwo. Zvakare, kudzora kwe cryptocurrency inyaya yekukakavadzana munyika dzinoverengeka, senge China, South-Korea, neRussia. Nyika idzi dziri kutora kana kuda kutora matanho kuitira kuti vagadzire mitemo ine chekuita necryptocurrencies. MuNetherlands, iyo Financial Services neMarket Authority yakaratidza kuti mafemu ekudyara ane basa rakazara rekuchengetedza pavanopa Bitcoin-ramangwana kune vanotengesa vatengesi muNetherlands. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuti makambani ekudyara aya anofanira kutarisira kufarira kwevatengi vavo nenzira yehunyanzvi, yakatendeka uye yakatendeseka. [6] Nhaurirano yepasirese pamusoro pekugadziriswa kwe cryptocurrency inoratidza kuti akawanda emasangano anofunga zvakakosha kudzika imwe mhando yemutemo.
mhedziso
Zviri raiti kutaura kuti cryptocurrency iri kuwedzera. Nekudaro, vanhu vanoita sekunge vanokanganwa kuti kutengesa nekushandisa mari idzi kunokwanisawo kuisa dzimwe njodzi. Usati iwe uchizviziva, iwe unogona kuwira mukati mechikamu cheDutch Criminal Code kana uchibata ne cryptocurrency. Aya madhora anowanzobatanidzwa nemabasa ematsotsi, kunyanya kubvisirwa mari. Kubvumirana saka kwakakosha kwazvo kumakambani asingade kumhan'arwa mhosva dzekupara mhosva. Kuziva kwewakabva cryptocurrencies kunotamba chikamu chikuru mune izvi. Sezvo cryptocurrency ine imwe nzira isina kunaka yekureva, nyika nemasangano vari kuita nharo kuti vaone kana kusatema mirairo zvine chekuita ne cryptocurrency. Kunyangwe dzimwe nyika dzakatotora matanho akananga kumurongero, zvinogona kutora nguva kuti mutemo wepasirese usati waitwa. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kwazvo kuti makambani angwarire kana uchibata ne cryptocurrency uye uve nechokwadi chekutarisisa kutevedzera.
udza mashoko
If you have questions or comments after reading this article, please feel free to contact Ruby van Kersbergen, an attorney-at-law at Law & More via ruby.van.kersbergen@lawandmore.nl, or Tom Meevis, an attorney-at-law at Law & More kuburikidza tom.meevis@lawandmore.nl, kana kufona +31 (0) 40-3690680.
[1] ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2017:5716, https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2017:5716.
[2] ECLI:NL:RBROT:2017:8992, https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RBROT:2017:8992.
[3] ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2017:8376, https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2017:8376.
[4] Autoriteit Financiële Markten, 'Reële cryptocurrencies, https://www.afm.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2017/nov/risico-cryptocurrencies.
[5] Mhan'ara Fintech neMari Services: Kutanga Kufunga, Yepasi Pose Mari Yezvemari 2017.
[6] Autoriteit Financiële Markten, 'Bitcoin Futures: AFM op', https://www.afm.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2017/dec/bitcoin-futures-zorgplicht.